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ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC MOTOR STARTING METHODS

There are several methods for starting asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motors.
The most common methods are: direct-on-line (DOL), with a soft starter (SS) or with a frequency converter (FC).

Direct-on-line starting

In case of direct-on-line starting (i.e. by connecting the motor to the electric mains with a simple line contactor), the motor starting 
time significantly increases due to high inertia of the impeller, which, in turn, results in high in-rush starting currents in the circuit. These 
currents of long duration may cause voltage slumps (especially if the feed line section falls short of the requirements), which may affect 
load operation.
The in-rush current consumed by an electric motor in case of DOL starting is 5-8 times larger than the rated value (or even 10-14 times 
larger in some rare instances). It should be noted that the torque developed by the motor also significantly exceeds the rated value.
Upon energisation the motor operates as a transformer with a squirrel-cage secondary winding formed by the rotor cage with a very low 
resistance.
The rotor develops high induced current causing a rush of current in the feed line.
The startup torque during starting averages 0.5-1.5 of the rated torque value.

Despite such advantages as simple construction, high startup current, quick start and low cost, direct-on-line systems are suitable only 
in the following cases:
•  the motor power is low compared to the mains power which limits the adverse effect of the rush of current
•  the driven mechanism does not require gradual speed build-up or is equipped with a damping device to smooth out the inrush
•  the high startup torque has no adverse effects on the operation of the driven mechanism

Soft start. SS starting.

A soft starter gradually increases the voltage supplied to the motor – from the initial to the rated value.
This starting system can be used to meet the following goals:
•  limit the motor current
•  regulate the torque

Regulation by limiting the current sets the maximum in-rush current equal to 300-400 % (or  250 % in some rare instances) of the rated 
current and reduces torque characteristics. This type of regulation is especially suited for turbomachinery such as centrifugal pumps and 
fans.
Regulation by variation of torque optimizes the torque during startup and reduces in-rush current in the circuit. These conditions are 
suitable for mechanisms with constant load resistance.
This type of soft starting may differ in the implementation pattern:
•  motor start
•  motor start and stop
•  device bridging at the end of start sequence
•  start and stop of several motors in stage circuits

Soft start. FC starting.

During the starting the FC raises the frequency from 0 Hz to the electrical mains frequency (50 or 60 Hz). As the frequency is increased 
gradually, the motor can be assumed to operate at its rated speed for a given frequency value. Furthermore, on the assumption that the 
motor runs at its rated speed the nominal torque should be immediately available whereas the current will be approximately equal to 
the rated value.
This starting system is used for speed control and regulation and can be used in the following cases:
•  start with high-inertia load
•  start with high load and limited-capacity power supply source
•  optimization of electric power consumption depending on turbomachinery speed
The aforementioned starting system can be used for all types of mechanisms.

Problems associated with DOL starting

The problems caused by DOL starting may be divided into two groups:
1.  An abrupt start causes mechanical shock, jolts in the mechanism, shock removal of free play etc.
2.  A heavy start cannot be completed.

MAKE SURE THAT THE FAN IMPELLER ROTATES IN THE DIRECTION MARKED BY THE 

ARROW ON THE FAN CASING. 

IF NECESSARY, CHANGE THE IMPELLER ROTATION DIRECTION BY ALTERING THE PHASE 

SEQUENCE ON THE ELECTRIC MOTOR TERMINALS.

Summary of Contents for FFK 125

Page 1: ...USER S MANUAL KAM Chimney centrifugal fan ...

Page 2: ...al training in the field of ventilation systems and should be able to work in accordance with workplace safety rules as well as construction norms and standards applicable in the territory of the country Safety requirements 3 Purpose 5 Delivery set 5 Designation key 6 Technical data 7 Operating logic 9 Mounting and set up 13 Connection to power mains 16 Commissioning 18 Technical maintenance 19 St...

Page 3: ...lt in motor jam and excessive noise Misuse of the unit and any unauthorised modifications are not allowed Do not expose the device to adverse atmospheric agents rain sun etc Transported air must not contain any dust or other solid impurities sticky substances or fibrous materials Do not use the unit in a hazardous or explosive environment containing spirits gasoline insecticides etc Do not close o...

Page 4: ...vertent resetting of the thermal cut out this appliance must not be supplied through an external switching device such as a timer or connected to a circuit that is regularly switched on and off by the utility Ensure that the appliance is switched off from the supply mains before removing the guard WARNING If there are any unusual oscillating movements immediately stop using the appliance and conta...

Page 5: ...ous operation with the transported air temperature ranging from 20 C to 150 C and is equipped with a temperature controller temperature adjustment range from 0 C to 90 C The fan is rated as a Class I electrical appliance Ingress protection rating against access to hazardous parts and water ingress is IPX2 OPTIONS FOR KAM KAM ECO MAX KAM ECO KAM ECODUO FFK G3 removable metal filter for transported ...

Page 6: ...Air duct on the air inlet side Aluvent 125 140 150 or 160 Fire resistant M0 semi flexible 3 m long air duct Insulated air duct on the air outlet side 605 ISO MO M1 127 152 or 182 Fire resistant M0 M1 heat and sound insulated flexible air duct The length varies depending on the length of the duct network Supply disk valves AM 125 PRF AM 150 PRF Metal supply disk valves At least 1 disk valve must be...

Page 7: ...nge 3 terminal box 4 outlet flange 5 temperature controller 6 impeller 7 speed switch for EcoDuo model KAM ECO BYPASS D A C B D h H 5 8 6 7 4 2 9 D D A B C H h D 6 7 D A C B D h H 5 9 8 6 7 4 2 D A C D D 11 10 6 7 2 4 8 D H h 5 9 D A C D D 11 2 4 10 6 7 8 D H h 12 5 13 9 1 fan casing 2 inlet flange 3 terminal box 4 outlet flange 5 temperature controller 6 impeller 7 mixing chamber 8 backdraft damp...

Page 8: ... 13 9 1 KAM fan 2 outlet flange 3 terminal box 4 temperature controller 5 speed switch for EcoDuo model 6 mixing chamber 7 inlet flange 8 temperature control damper 9 reverse air duct flange 10 filter element 11 latches KAM FAN WITH KFK AND GFK DAMPERS 5 4 D D A C D D 11 10 6 7 2 4 8 D H h 5 9 D A C D D 11 2 4 10 6 7 8 D H h 12 5 13 9 1 KAM fan 2 outlet flange 3 terminal box 4 temperature controll...

Page 9: ...onnecting dimensions mm Weight kg A mm B mm C mm D mm H mm h mm FFK 125 260 245 210 125 180 50 2 2 FFK 140 300 285 250 140 190 50 3 0 FFK 150 300 285 250 150 190 50 3 0 FFK 160 300 285 250 160 190 50 3 0 KFK 125 260 245 210 125 260 50 3 8 KFK 140 300 285 250 140 300 50 4 0 KFK 150 300 285 250 150 300 50 4 0 KFK 160 300 285 250 160 300 50 4 0 OPERATING LOGIC DESIGNATION KEY t 45 o t 90 t 45 Transpo...

Page 10: ... 45 90 t 45 90 t 45 90 t 45 45 t 0 45 t 0 45 Ó 45 Ó 45 Ó 45 Ó 90 t 45 90 t 45 90 t 45 90 t 45 45 t 0 45 t 0 150 t 90 25 t 0 90 t 45 90 45 t 90 t 45 90 t 45 90 t 45 45 Ó 45 Ó 12 45 Ó 45 Ó KAM KAM ECO MAX KAM ECO KAM ECODUO KAM ECO BYPASS KAM WITH AN FFK FILTER ...

Page 11: ...11 www ventilation system com 150 t 90 150 t 90 120 70 t 150 t 90 25 t 0 45 Ó 45 Ó 45 t 0 90 45 t 90 t 45 25 0 t 120 70 t 150 t 90 150 90 t 150 t 90 t 45 Ó t 45 Ó 45 Ó t 45 Ó t KAM FAN WITH A KFK DAMPER ...

Page 12: ...R Cold air Combustion products Warm air KAM fan Warm air exhaust to the ventilation system FFK filter Extraction of warm air from the space around the fireplace Discharge of combustion products from the fireplace into the chimney Decompression grille Air heating chamber in the fireplace hood Chimney furnace Cold air supply KFK damper Reverse air duct 1 Hot air removed by the temperature control da...

Page 13: ...ss to cool the fan motor Install the fan on the mineral wool layer and the rigid fire resisting plate gypsum board 0 5x0 5 m to reduce vibration Keep the minimum distance of 1 5 m from the fan to the heating source and the minimum distance of 0 5 m from the fan casing to the neighbouring objects Install the required amount of the decompression grilles in the fireplace hood intake and air distribut...

Page 14: ...igot or over the connecting elements of the duct system and tighten it with a worm clamp Straighten the heat and sound insulation layer and the external contour of the duct to their original position For best sealing wrap the outdoor duct with aluminium tape FILTER INSTALLATION The filter must be installed on the side of the air inlet to the fan Connect the filter to the fan using a heat and sound...

Page 15: ...It is recommended to install the ventilation diffuser opposite the door of the room you are going to heat Typically diffusers are mounted on a wall or ceiling but they are also available for floor installation Make a hole in the ceiling with a diameter slightly larger than 125 mm or 160 mm depending on the diameter of your diffuser Fig A Pass the duct through the hole then attach the diffuser ring...

Page 16: ... 6 А The KAM KAM Eco KAM EcoDuo fans have a built in thermostat relay which closes the fan power circuit when the set temperature of the hot air in the fireplace is reached the fan automatically turns on and the warm air enters the room As the temperature drops below the set value the fan switches automatically off S1 S1 S1 S1 KAM KAM ECO MAX KAM ECO KAM ECODUO KAM T1 KAM ECODUO T1 1 2 3 4 X1 L N ...

Page 17: ...to the motor from the initial to the rated value This starting system can be used to meet the following goals limit the motor current regulate the torque Regulation by limiting the current sets the maximum in rush current equal to 300 400 or 250 in some rare instances of the rated current and reduces torque characteristics This type of regulation is especially suited for turbomachinery such as cen...

Page 18: ... contactors and motor starters is not designed to withstand prolonged overloads normally causing the fan to shut down automatically DOL starting that continues for a long period of time Using switching equipment with a higher maximum current rating renders the electric motor protection system less sensitive As a result the switching equipment will not be able to detect motor overload in time due t...

Page 19: ...INTENANCE DISCONNECT THE UNIT FROM POWER SUPPLY BEFORE ANY MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS ENSURE THAT THE UNIT IS SWITCHED OFF FROM THE SUPPLY MAINS BEFORE REMOVING THE GUARD AVOID LIQUID SPILLS ON THE MOTOR DO NOT USE AGGRESSIVE SOLVENTS AND SHARP OBJECTS FOR CLEANING PRIOR TO COMMENCING ANY TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE PUT UP A PROHIBITORY SIGN ON THE FAN STARTING PANEL DO NOT SWITCH ON MEN AT WORK SETTING THE...

Page 20: ...20 KAM www ventilation system com KAM ECO BYPASS KAM WITH AN FFK FILTER KAM FAN WITH A KFK DAMPER KAM FAN WITH KFK AND GFK DAMPERS ...

Page 21: ... the top five foreign switching equipment manufacturers The fan fails to reach the required rotation speed due to serious overheating of the fan motor Fan motor overloaded Eliminate the overload Improper fan starting method Use a soft starter or frequency converter to start the motor see Asynchronous Electric Motor Starting Methods in the Connection to power mains section The fan motor runs at ove...

Page 22: ... design calculations Re arrange the ventilation network to decrease its aerodynamic resistance Wrong direction of the impeller rotation If necessary change the impeller rotation direction by changing the phase sequence on the electric motor terminals see the Commissioning section Air leak through a loose air duct connection Eliminate the air leak Seal the air duct connection Impeller or air duct c...

Page 23: ...ller for warranty service The manufacturer s warranty does not apply to the following cases User s failure to submit the unit with the entire delivery package as stated in the user s manual including submission with missing component parts previously dismounted by the user Mismatch of the unit model and the brand name with the information stated on the unit packaging and in the user s manual User ...

Page 24: ...CATE The KAM___________________________________ unit is installed pursuant to the requirements stated in the present user s manual Installation Stamp Company name Address Phone Number Installation Technician s Full Name Installation Date Signature The unit has been installed in accordance with the provisions of all the applicable local and national construction electrical and technical codes and s...

Page 25: ...25 www ventilation system com ...

Page 26: ...26 KAM www ventilation system com ...

Page 27: ...27 www ventilation system com ...

Page 28: ...V15EN 08 ...

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