Glossary of Terms
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Sample rate conversion
- The process of altering a digital signal’s sample rate to a different sample rate.
The 2192 does not perform sample rate conversion.
Single Wire
- (sometimes referred to as “Double Fast”) The newest revised format of AES/EBU data
transfer that accommodates sample rates of 176.4kHz or 192kHz. The Single Wire standard is similar in
concept to Dual Wire, but instead of using two separate AES cables and connectors, it simply increases the
data rate and sends the signal over one port. The 2192 supports both Single Wire and Dual Wire mode for
the transmission and reception of high resolution AES audio. (See “AES,” “Dual Wire,” and “high
resolution”)
S-MUX
- (sometimes written as “S/MUX”) An acronym for Sample Multiplexing. SMUX is a method for
transmitting two channels of high sample rate (88.2, 96, 176.4, or 192kHz) 24-bit digital audio over a
legacy optical “light-pipe” ADAT connection, which was originally designed to carry eight channels of 16-,
20- or 24-bit audio at 44.1kHz or 48kHz sampling rates. At 88.2kHz and 96kHz, channels 1 - 4 are used to
carry the stereo signal. At 176.4kHz and 192kHz, all 8 channels are used for to carry the stereo signal. (see
“ADAT” and “Light pipe”)
SPDIF
- (sometimes written as “S/PDIF”) An acronym for “Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format,” a digital
audio transfer standard largely based on the AES/EBU standard. Designed to carry two channels of 16-,
20- or, 24-bit digital audio at sampling rates of up to 192kHz, the most common SPDIF physical
interconnect utilizes unbalanced, 75 ohm video-type coaxial cables terminating at phono (RCA-type)
connectors. (see “AES”)
Superclock
- A proprietary format used by some early Pro Tools systems to distribute clock signal running
at 256x the system’s sample rate, thus matching the internal timing resolution of the software. The 2192
does not support Superclock. (see “Clock” and “Pro Tools”)
Transcoding
- Converting one type of digital signal to another (i.e, from AES to SPDIF, or from ADAT to
AES).
Transient
- A relatively high volume pitchless sound impulse of extremely brief duration, such as a pop.
Consonants in singing and speech, and the attacks of musical instruments (particularly percussive
instruments), are examples of transients.
Word clock
- A dedicated clock signal based on the transmitting device’s sample rate or the speed with
which sample words are sent over a digital connection. (see “Clock”)
XLR
- A standard three-pin connector used by many audio devices, with pin 1 typically connected to the
shield of the cabling, thus providing ground. Pins 2 and 3 are used to carry audio signal, normally in a
balanced (out of phase) configuration.
