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Summary of Contents for 7S11

Page 1: ...O NOT PERFORMANYSERVICING OTHERTHANTHAT CONTAINED IN OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE QUALIFIED TO DO SO PLEASE CHECK FOR CHANGE INFORMATION AT THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL 7S11 SAMPLING UNIT INSTRUCT...

Page 2: ...tails This can often be done very reasonably in consideration for adding your manual to our library Typically the scans in our manuals are done as follows 1 Typed text pages are typically scanned in b...

Page 3: ...are reserved INSTRUMENT SERIAL NUMBERS Each instrument has a serial number on a pa el insert tag or stamped on the chassis The first number or letter deSignates the country of manufacture The last fi...

Page 4: ...ING SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING OTHER THAN THAT CONTAINED IN OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE QUALI FIED TO...

Page 5: ...1 Visual Inspection 5 1 Calibration 5 1 Parts Identification 5 1 Parts Replacement 5 2 Troubleshooting 5 4 Introduction 5 4 Troubleshooting Aids 5 4 Troubleshooting Techniques 5 5 Transistor Checks 5...

Page 6: ...Ordering Information Index of Electrical Parts List Electrical Parts List DIAGRAMS AND MECHANICAL PARTS ILLUSTRATIONS Diagrams Mechanical Parts Illustrations Repackaging Instructions MECHANICAL PARTS...

Page 7: ...tionary or other information is to be found AS MARKED ON EQUIPMENT DANGER High voltage Protective ground earth terminal ATTENTION refer to manual WARNINGS POWER SOURCE This product is intended to oper...

Page 8: ...has been specifically certified for such operation DO NOT SERVICE ALONE Do not perform internal service or adjustment of this product unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscit...

Page 9: ...DElAV IoHQII SAMPUNO UNIT 7511 Fi9 1 1 7511 Simpling Unit ScOffS by ARTEK MEDIA Scans by Artekmedia 2010...

Page 10: ...ch as the 7850 Sampled signals are presented to both the oscilloscope vertical amplifier and to the front panel connectors for external use with auxiliary equipment such as pen recorders Characteristi...

Page 11: ...s 7 6 centimeters Length 14 1 2 inches 37 centimeters Approximate dimensions including knobs and connec tors 1 2 Finish Weight Net Shipping Front panel is anodized aluminum About 2 pounds 0 9 kilogram...

Page 12: ...ot sampling head extender cables are available to operate the S series sampling heads remotely Order the three foot sampling head extender cable by Tektronix Part No 012 0124 00 Order the six foot sam...

Page 13: ...N control with a small screwdriver for 5 divisions of vertical deflec tion NOTE Operating the sampling head without the input con nector terminated by a 50 n resistor or coaxial cable will cause a fe...

Page 14: ...E DC OFFSET 1V DELAY 10n5 RANGE 0 UP c J NVERT VARIABLE CAL IN GAIN mVOLTS DIV TYPE S 1 SAMPLING HEAD RISETIME S360ps TEKTIIONIX 60n 6VMAX NORMAL OFFSET OUT o X10 lIIKO VERTSIGOUT o 2V DIV lIIKO GND o...

Page 15: ...for the correct displayed risetime 2 4 INT TRIG OFFSET OUT Xl0 10 kn VERT SIG OUT 2 V DIV 10 kn GND Push button selects internal trigger operation between two 7S11 s In ternal triggering is canceled...

Page 16: ...roperly triggered dual trace dis play will be similar to Fig 2 4A Time Position To show DELAY control operation change the 7T11 Sweep Range switch to 5 jJ S and the Time Div switch 2 ns Turn the Time...

Page 17: ...difference calcuiations See Fig 2 6A Any time related signals which do not exceed sampling head input specifications may be used at the input connectors The 7511 in the Right Vert compartment controls...

Page 18: ...rce Connect the Calibrator Output to the samp ling head input connector through a 50 n coaxial cable and BNC to GR adapter Set the Units Div switch to 100 and the time base unit Time Div switch to 5 m...

Page 19: ...INVERT 7S11 DC OFFSET and FINE VARIABLE Units Div DOT RESPONSE NORMAL SMOOTH 7T11 Time Position and Fine Slope Trig Level Stability Random Sequential Trig Amp Variable Time Div Sweep Range Int Ext Sc...

Page 20: ...the divisions of vertical deflection by the deflection factor and the external attenuator or probe Operating Instructions 7S11 attenuation factor if any The product is the voltage difference between...

Page 21: ...nts on the waveform This voltage tolerance is 2 of the input signal plus the tolerance and loading effect of the measuring device Use of Smoothing Random process sampling does not generally permit the...

Page 22: ...correct display for two sweep rates when the signal is a 500 MHz sine wave Time Domain Reflectometry TOR The 7S 11 with the Type S Sampling Head can be used for Time Domain Reflectometry displays TOR...

Page 23: ...n coaxial cables may be used for applying input signals with minimum signal loss or distortion 2 12 NOTE Operating the sampling head without the input con nector terminated by the 50 n resistor or coa...

Page 24: ...O imately 3 5 GHz and risetime Is 100 picoseconds Of less 1 0 or 90 At 1 GHz the input resistance is about 300 Ohms and the capacitive reactance is about 400 ohms The P6057 100X Probe places 5 kll res...

Page 25: ...total resist ance of Rs 50 ohms should not be less than 5 times the impedance of the device R L in parallel with Zo requiring a 20 correction The physical position of Rs will affect the fidelity of th...

Page 26: ...the sampling oscilloscope vertical channel re quires a more sophisticated technique than lower bandpass systems In spite of its limitations sampling can measure fast signals that otherwise defy observ...

Page 27: ...y jitter For signals with a repetition rate higher than 100 kHz the timing unit holds off retriggering for a maximum of about 10 J ls This means that a sample will not be taken from every cycle of a h...

Page 28: ...ter each dot The output from the sampling bridge at sampling time is about 2 of the difference between the signal voltage and the memory output The 2 signal is the input to the first amplifier The out...

Page 29: ...er X10 corrects the memory output and feedback to equal the 0 1 volt signal at sample time Again the CRT is blanked during this change until the circuit is stabilized 3 4 At the time of sample 3 the d...

Page 30: ...han neces sary to reduce the error voltage to zero The memory out put and the feedback will then approach the signal asymp totically after several samples have been taken The error voltage thus approa...

Page 31: ...play increases rapidly played risetime Therefore jf random noise is apparent re ducing the loop gain may improve the display Note that this is only true for random noise Systematic noise noise with it...

Page 32: ...nation where the gain of the amplifier just compensates for the attenuation of the samp ling bridge In Fig 3 7B the amplifier has twice as much gain as is necessary to compensate for the low sampling...

Page 33: ...hape of the input signal waveform In real time sampling operation the vertical signal pro vides the trigger to start the sweep The display however is composed of samples at a fixed repetition rate not...

Page 34: ...ing Principles 7S11 Sampling Bridge Forward Attenuator Amplifier and Memory Feedback Attenuator Fig 3 8 Method of adding a DC Offset voltage to the memory feedback Y VOLTS DIV To Vert Amp 3 9 Scans by...

Page 35: ...the pulse duration out of the bridge is equal to the bridge conduction time A small storage capacitance at the head Preamp input time stretches the pulse so the pulse chain can amplify the error sign...

Page 36: ...BRIDGE FEEDBACK BAL AVALANCHE I I I I J I MEMORY 4 GATE A 12 1 A MAX 15 I STROBE DRIVE MEMORY GATE DRIVE SNAP OFF SAMPLING HEAD I I I I I I I i DRIVE PULSE FROM SAMPLING SWEEP UNIT MEMORY GAIN TP TO V...

Page 37: ...ed together will complete the bi stable multivibrator shown in Fig 4 2B Selection of the desired 7S11 as the Internal trigger source is done through the turning off of 0108 in that unit The Internal s...

Page 38: ...st Amplifier output signal reducing the loop gain to 0 3 or less compared to loop gain in the NORMAL setting R142 maintains a constant 500 n load on the out put stage for time constant and amplitude c...

Page 39: ...um attenuation at 200 Units Div allows 42 of the Memory signal to pass to the Sampling Bridge Circuit The attenuation of 0 42 and 42 is corrected to exactly 0 40 and 40 by the parallel value of R147 R...

Page 40: ...mple time Looking from the Memory Gate output toward its input the four gating diodes are normally reverse biased by the 4 6 voltage of Zener diode VR221 Two of the four diodes provide very high rever...

Page 41: ...e AC Amplifier output signal is applied to the Memory Amplifier virtual signal ground input C219 receives about 10 of the total error signal charge before the Memory Gate stops conducting Thus as the...

Page 42: ...des the VARIABLE gain control and the Position adjustment in the 4 8 common emitter circuit of 0314 and 0334 The Position adjustment changes the current through each side of the push pull circuit for...

Page 43: ...uit Description 7S11 lator control line is at the high state neither of the two oscillators can operate since their source of current is shunted by diodes CR413 and CR414 see Gate Generator diagram 4...

Page 44: ...120 F is Sampling Head Multiplication Factor O 1X 1X 10X c I I I I I I I I I I I To Output Amplifier Probe Coding Trace Shift Contact Ring on BNC _________ 3 C 1 J120 Identify Probe Multiplication Fac...

Page 45: ...g networks and internal power supply for the S series sampling head Power from the indi cator oscilloscope enters through the center circuit board at the rear Circuit Description 7S11 The 12 2 Volt Su...

Page 46: ...not be used REV B MAR 1979 Interior Dust in the interior of the instrument should be removed occasionally due to its electrical conductivity under high humidity conditions The best way to clean the i...

Page 47: ...re color coded in pico farads using a modified EIA code Fig 5 1 Diode Color Code The cathode end of each glass encased diode is indicated by a stripe a series of stripes or a dot For most silicon or g...

Page 48: ...he circuit board with a small pair of tweezers Touch the tip of the soldering iron to the lead where it enters the circuit board Do not lay the iron tip directly on the circuit board Gently but firmly...

Page 49: ...oosen or remove the phillips head screws and locking nuts holding the fixed shoe on the left side of the 7S11 and lift the shoe away then remove the six phillips head screws holding the Interface asse...

Page 50: ...uctions are given in the Calibration section of this manual 5 Isolate the Trouble to a Circuit To isolate trouble to a circuit note the trouble symptom The symptom often identifies the circuit in whic...

Page 51: ...tts 0 1 Polarity 1 1 pl J Mode l Jorm Number of Steps 10 Offset Mult 0 00 Step Offset Amplitude 05 V Offset Zero Pressed Steps Pressed Step Family Rep Pressed Rate Norm Pressed Step Mult 1X Released S...

Page 52: ...ter for service or repair attach a tag showing owner with address and the name of an individual at your firm that can be contacted complete instrument serial number and a description of the service re...

Page 53: ...Maintenance 7S11 s Parts List for serial number ranges 5 8 pynM1968 TEKTRONIX INC Fig 5 5 Vertical c irc uit board SCIJIIS by ARTEK MEDIA REV B MAR 1979 Scans by Artekmedia 2010...

Page 54: ...r W 0 L 1 Maintenance 7S11 cc7 lft R d on wht coaxial Mounted on other side CR403 C637 Fig 5 6 Inter channel Control circuit board 5 9 Scam by ARTEKMEDIA Scans by ArtekMedia 2010...

Page 55: ...Maintenance 7S11 5 10 I I oP Ijh So EKTRONIX INC Fig 5 7 Inlerface circuil board left side Scans by ARTEK MEDIA TVI Scans by Artekmedia 2010...

Page 56: ...Maintenance 7S11 Vel on wht coalli 1 Jl14 y o 670 1090 00 ASSY F i 5 8 Intefl CfI c rcuit board riiht side 5 ScallS by ARTEK MEOlA c Scans by ArtekMedia 2010...

Page 57: ...best overall instrument perform ance when performing a complete cal ibration procedure make each adjustment to the exact setting even if the check is within the allowable tolerance NOTE All waveforms...

Page 58: ..._____ Calibration Date ________________ Calibrated By ________________ 1 Check 12 2 Volt Power Supply Page 6 5 12 2 volts 0 24 volt ripple 1 mV pop or less 2 Check Interdot Blanking Page 6 6 Blanking...

Page 59: ...trol settings and test equipment setup throughout this procedure continue from preceding step s unless noted otherwise NOTE Control titles which are printed on the front panel of the 7511 are capitali...

Page 60: ...ender in the RIGHT VERT compartment c Install the Type S l Sampling Head in the 7S1 1 Both Procedures a Install the 7A13 in the Oscilloscope Left Vert com part ment and the 7B50 in the B HOR IZ compar...

Page 61: ...heck 12 2 Volt Power Supply PERFORMANCE CHECK ONL Y Steps 1 and 2 are not applicable to the performance check Set controls as given under Preliminary Con trol Settings and begin the performance check...

Page 62: ...and Input to GNO and remove the probe 6 6 2 Check Interdot Blanking a Change the 7A13 probe from 1X to lOX and set the controls as follows Volts Div Input 10 mV AC b Connect the lOX probe ground clip...

Page 63: ...corner of the posi tive level as the DOT RESPONSE control is turned fully clockwise and fully counterclockwise see Fig 6 6A Check that the first dot moves more than 1 division above and below the posi...

Page 64: ...or bottom trace can be used alone if the extra lines exceed the graticule area in separation by noting the maximum above and below movement of the extra lines from one trace and setting the lines at t...

Page 65: ...rotate the control throughout its range Check that the trace moves no more than 0 2 division vertically c Adjust Variable Bal control R305 for minimum trace shift as the VARIABLE control is rotated th...

Page 66: ...nnec tor b Push the 7T11 Ext 50 n 2 V Max switch set the Sweep Range switch to 50 J ls and the Time Div switch to 5 J ls Obtain a stable display with the Trig Level control c Adjust the front panel GA...

Page 67: ...nter of the graticule with the 7S11 DC OFF SET control d Set the 7A13 Comparison Voltage so the positive por tion of the display top of the square wave is at the center of the graticule Performance Ch...

Page 68: ...ween 19 p s and 23 IJ S See Fig 6 7 for location See NOTE in Real Time Sampling on page 2 7 regarding this adjustment for Type S 5 Sampling Head use e Change the 7850 Time Div to 2 p s Align the secon...

Page 69: ...of the graticule h Measure the OF FSET OUT voltage Set the 7A13 Comparison Voltage Fine control to return the trace to the center of the graticule OFFSET OUT voltage must be 2 94 to 3 06 volts 3 volts...

Page 70: ...aticule line Normal centering range of the Position control is at least 3 divisions to 3 divisions from graticule center s Disconnect the 1X probe tip Set the 7504 Vertical Mode switch to Right 6 14 1...

Page 71: ...concerning any change in part number Change information if any is located at the rear of this manual SPECIAL NOTES AND SYMBOLS XOOO Part first added at this serial number OOX Part removed after this s...

Page 72: ...TANFORD APPLIED ENGINEERING INC 340 MARTIN AVE SANTA CLARA CA 95050 3112 24546 CORNING GLASS WORKS 550 HIGH 5T BRADFORD PA 16701 3737 24931 SPECIALTY CONNECTOR CO INC 2100 EARLY vOOD FRANKLIN IN 46131...

Page 73: ...CER DI 1UF 80 20 50V 04222 SR305C10flttAA AIC127 283 0051 00 CAP FXD CER DI 0 0033UF 5 10OV 04222 SR301A332JAA AICl34 283 0059 00 CAP FXD CER DI 1UF 80 20 50Y 04222 SR305C10flttAA AIC139 283 0000 00...

Page 74: ...210UH 2SO 43 14 TURNS 80009 120 0382 00 A1L608 120 0382 00 COIL RF 210UH 2SO 43 14 TURNS 80009 120 0382 00 A1Q123 151 0192 00 TRANSISTOR NPN SI TO 92 04713 SPS8801 A1Q128 151 0188 00 TRANSISTOR PNP SI...

Page 75: ...229 315 0102 00 RES FXD FILM 1K OHM S O 2SW 57668 NTR25JEOlKO AIR231 315 0102 00 RES FXD FILM IK OHM S 0 2SW 57668 NTR25JE01KO AIR234 315 0100 00 RES FXD FILM I0 OHM S O 2SW 19701 5043CXI0RROOJ AIR239...

Page 76: ...125W 01121 681055 AlRS05 315 0154 00 RES FXO FILM 150K OHM 5 0 2SW 57668 NTR25J E15OK AIRS06 321 0399 00 RES FXO FILM 140K OHM 1 0 12SW TC TO 07716 CEAD14002F A1RS08 321 0373 00 RES FXD FILM 7S 0K OHM...

Page 77: ...MA 30V DO 35 03508 DA2527 1N4152 A2CR444 152 0141 02 SEMICOND DVC DI SW SI 30V lSOMA 30V DO 35 03508 DA2527 lN4152 A2CR455 152 0141 02 SEMICOND DVC DI SW SI 30Y 1SOMA 30V DO 35 03508 DA2527 1N4152 A2C...

Page 78: ...103 A2R461 315 0272 00 RES FXD FILM 2 7K OHM 5 O 25W 57668 NTR25J E02K7 A2R462 315 0223 00 RES FXD FILM 22K OHM 5 O 25W 19701 5043DC22KDOJ92U A2R464 315 0331 00 RES FXD FILM 330 OHM 5 O 2SW 57668 NTR...

Page 79: ...RES FXD CMPSN 1 5K OHM 5 O 12SW 01121 BBl525 A3R111 315 0203 00 RES FXD FILM 2OK OHM 5 O 2SW 57668 NTR2fU E 201 A3R113 315 0122 00 RES FXD FILM 1 2K OHM 5 O 2SW 57668 NTR2fU EOIK2 A3R114 321 0206 00 R...

Page 80: ...321 0231 00 RES FXD FILM 2 49K OHM 1 0 12SW TC TO 19701 5033 02K49F R145B ONLY R145 321 0260 00 RES FXD FILM 4 99K OHM 1 0 12SW TC TO 19701 5033ED4K990F R145C ONLY R145 321 0289 00 RES FXD FILM 10 0K...

Page 81: ...VAR NONWW PNL SK OHM O SW 01121 W735M RS22 321 0402 00 RES FXO FILM ISOK OHM 1 0 12SW TC TO 19701 S033EDlSCJ OF R523 321 0344 00 RES FXO FILM 37 4K OHM I 0 12SW TC TO 19701 5033ED 37K40F R524 321 0373...

Page 82: ..._ ll Front or rear panel control or connector Refers to the indicated diagram 1 Test point I _ Grey line encloses components located on circuit board Connection made to circuit board with interconnect...

Page 83: ...40r I I I I I I MEMO Y Go ATE l r F MEMORy G ATE Q452 MEMORV J Ga ATE R4bO WIDTH c MEMORY G ATE Q4Sb o o I SMOOTI lINo i Fl 2 45 SAL MEMORY Q2 S2 Q242 QZSb Q2 b2 Q2bb C2 7 1 L L I MEMORY GATE AMPLIJ I...

Page 84: ...ee run Pushed in 5 us 1 us Pushed in Rep Volts 7B50 left horizontal compartment Input DC Comparison Voltage Center display graticule Volts Div See waveforms on Mode Coupling Source Magnifier Time Div...

Page 85: ...3 100 TP lb Rlb6 IO OK Rlb3 z Rlb5 12K 19 IK SOy NOTE S I DENOTE 5o L E ADLESS CAPAC ITOR 2 FOR DEC OUPLlNc f POWER OISTF IBu1 ION SE E 3 SEE PART LIST FOR 5Eh1ICONDUG TOR TYPE5 4 rr i N Eir t A Ri AS...

Page 86: ...R l Q C R l l9 C R l 360 Y R 2 l l 3 1 P ART IAL V E R T I C AL O O A RO 7511 SAMPLING UNIT SEE PARTS LIST FOR EARLIER VALUES AND SERIAL NUMBEA RANGES OF PAATS OUTLINED OR DEPICTED IN BLUE WAVEFORM C...

Page 87: ...I FOR DECQUPLI lG POWER DISTRIBUTION SE E 3 2 SEE PARTS LIST FOR SEMICONOUC TOR TYPES 3 VOLTAGE conditionsgiven on Diagram 0 7SI1 SAMPLING UN IT BH R332 bSOK TO BASE Q51b PARTIAL V ERTI C AL B OARD R3...

Page 88: ...F A 50V CR444 R44b 200K IK ITi3J 10K Ie 1 R47b 15K i C47 6 I 1 A U l AD 1 i 4 L II K42 CR429 I 1 I I B C41B 150 04 0 DCPL 2 I5V 1C411 001 R414 4 K R415 lOOK SOy OCPL 2 I5V R41B 5 1K OCPL 2 15V R427 1...

Page 89: ...UCTOR TYPES BR R 17 39 2K R51 8 39 2K I V 7S II SAMPLI NG UN I T Q50B P OB K RS l b 1 2 7K PART IAL VE R TICA L BOARD SWI4b r UNI TSjDI V 1 _ O _ R 52 L lao 0 20 1 1 24 7 K R 23 37 4 K R 2S 0 0 PI 8 x...

Page 90: ...I AGRA M bn TRrTJtb AREA 5 HOW IN T E RF t CE eOAR O C IRC _ lJl o P OST AMPL I F I E R ATTENUATORS OUTP U T AMPLlF IER V GATE GE N ERAOR READOU T L OGIC 7511 SAMPLING UNI T 3 2 12 11 10 15 1413 FRON...

Page 91: ...411 I V R 47 RCo fO 100 R 8 100 CR CO 2 4 I Y T c m I F C 6 I P F PAR IAL I N TE R C HAN N L 0 ONTROL e OARC R c Ff R E NC OIAG RAM o Y o 1 0 5 AMPLIFIE R A c NUA ORS i 1E MOR Y OU PUT AMPLIFIE R G AT...

Page 92: ...oV 141 1 DCPL I 1 TO RISI S i 4b TO W IPER 2F I f Q T 12 I FR ML2 S RISS I TO R303 I 41 1 I _ MEMORY ROM UNITS DIV 006 L j T O RI45A G IF 0 Q I I Jl20 lic I 3 j FROM WIPER 3R 0 Q TO C201 I L I _ _ __...

Page 93: ...ety un otherwl e peclfied ITEM NAME In the Parts List an Item Name is separated from the description by a colon Because of space limitations an Item Name may sometimes appear as incomplete For further...

Page 94: ...CT 06110 2350 77900 ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS ST CHARLES RD ELGIN IL 60120 SHAKEPROOF DIV 78189 ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC ST CHARLES ROAD ELGIN II 60120 SHAKEPROOF DIV 79136 WALDES KOHINOOR INC 47 16 AUSTEL P...

Page 95: ...73743 28269 402 END ATTACHING PARTS 15 214 1205 00 1 ADAPTER SW ACTR VARIABLE CAL IN 80009 214 1205 00 213 0075 00 1 SETSCREW 4 40 X0 094 STL 74445 ORDER BY DESCR 16 214 1190 00 1 CPLG SHAFT RGD 0 125...

Page 96: ...H 100 DEG STL 93907 ORDER BY DESCR 52 210 0586 00 2 NUT PL ASSEM WA 4 40 X0 25 STL CD PL 78189 211 041800 00 END ATTACHING PARTS 53 220 0547 01 6 NUT BLOCK 4 40 X0 282 NI SIL NP 80009 220 0547 01 ATTA...

Page 97: ...21 00 1 MOUNT COMPONENT 80009 426 0121 00 102 361 0007 00 1 SPACER SLEEVE O l88 LX0 111 ID POLTHN 80009 361 0007 00 103 361 0238 00 3 SPACER POST 0 433 L O 25 00 80009 361 0238 00 104 211 0155 00 3 SC...

Page 98: ...0176 00 1 HLDR TERM CONN 4 WIRE DBL ROW BLACK 80009 352 0176 00 135 352 0198 00 1 HLDR TERM CONN 2 WIRE BLACK 80009 352 0198 00 136 352 0201 00 3 HLDR TERM CONN 5 WIRE BLACK 80009 352 0201 00 137 352...

Page 99: ...lINn 8Nl1dll lV S LLSL cpo m X r o C m C Scans by Artekmedia 2010...

Page 100: ...ektronix Part No 070 0985 00 REV B SEP 1976 Serial Model No Eft Dscont Qty 1 2 3 4 5 Name Description 1 MANUAL TECH INSTRUCTION Mfr Code Mfr Part Number 80009 070 0985 00 7S11 SAMPLING UNIT Scans by A...

Page 101: ...d shipping requirements we can t get these changes immediately into printed manuals Hence your manual may contain new change information on following pages A single change may affect several sections...

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