Tecnam P96 GOLF Flight Manual Download

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COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE

P96 Golf
P96 Golf / 100

October ‘ 98

2-7

TECNAM

S.r.l.

Limitations

LIGHT MANUAL

NOTE

The table below is valid for both P96 models

OTHER INSTRUMENT MARKINGS

(OPTIONAL)

INSTRUMENT

RED LINE

Minimum limit

GREEN ARC

Normal operating

YELLOW ARC

Caution

RED LINE

Maximum limit

Voltmeter

10 Volt

12 - 14 Volt

------

WEIGHT LIMITS

Maximum takeoff weight: 544 kg

CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS

Forward limit

22% MAC

Aft limit

25% MAC

Datum

Propeller support flange w/o spacer

Bubble Level

Cabin floor

It is the pilot's responsibility to insure that airplane is properly loaded.

MANEUVERS

This aircraft is intended for non-aerobatics operation only. Non-aerobatics operation
includes:

•

Any maneuver pertaining to “normal” flight

•

Stalls (except whip stalls)

•

Lazy eights

•

Chandelles

•

Turns in which the angle of bank is not more than 60°

Summary of Contents for P96 GOLF

Page 1: ...ECNAM S r l AIRCRAFT TYPE P96 GOLF P96 GOLF 100 SERIAL NUMBER MANUFACTURING DATE WARNING THIS MANUAL IS VALID FOR THE P96 GOLF WITH EITHER ROTAX 912 81 HP ENGINE OR ROTAX 912S 100 HP ENGINE P96 GOLF 100 FOR EVIDENT SAFETY REASONS AND UPON READING THIS MANUAL FOR THE FIRST TIME IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERLINE PERHAPS ALSO HIGHLIGHT WITH A COLORED MARKER ANY DIFFERENCES IN CHARTS AND TABLES AS APPLICAB...

Page 2: ... 100 October 98 i 2 TECNAMS r l INTRODUCTION FLIGHT MANUAL The Flight Manual must always be kept on board the aircraft The aircraft described herein is to be operated in accordance with procedures and limitations described in this Flight Manual ...

Page 3: ... Manual except for actual weighing data must be recorded in the following table New text or amendments to revised pages shall be clearly marked by a vertical black line on the left hand margin with revision N and date indicated on left side of page RECORD OF REVISIONS Rev N Affected Sections Affected Pages Date Date inserted 1 1 1 7 4 12 98 4 12 98 ...

Page 4: ... Golf 100 INTRODUCTION FLIGHT MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS General Section1 Limitations Section2 Emergency procedures Section3 Normal procedures Section4 Performance Section5 Weight and balance Section6 Systems description Section7 Ground handling and servicing Section8 ...

Page 5: ... 98 1 1 SECTION 1 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 WARNINGS CAUTIONS NOTES 2 THREE VIEW DRAWING 3 DESCRIPTIVE DATA 4 CONTROL SURFACES TRAVEL LIMITS 4 ENGINE 5 PROPELLER 5 FUEL 6 OIL 6 COOLING 6 WEIGHTS 7 SPECIFIC LOADINGS 7 ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 8 UNIT CONVERSION FACTORS 11 ...

Page 6: ...c data and information of general interest in addition to definitions and explanations of symbols abbreviations and terminology commonly used WARNINGS CAUTIONS NOTES The following definitions apply to warnings cautions and notes used in the Flight Manual means that the non observation of the corresponding procedure leads to an immediate or important degradation of the flight safety WARNING means t...

Page 7: ...MANUAL October 98 1 3 THREE VIEW DRAWING NOTE Dimensions shown refer to aircraft weight of 544 kg and normal operating tire pressure Propeller clearance 360mm Propeller clearance with deflated front tire and compressed shock absorber 142mm Minimum ground steering radius 5 5m ...

Page 8: ...o 6 2 Taper ratio 1 0 Dihedral 5 FUSELAGE Overall length 6 4 m Overall width 1 1 m Overall height 2 3 m EMPENNAGE Stabilator span 2 9 m Vertical tail span 1 2 m LANDING GEAR Wheel track 1 8 m Wheel base 1 6 m Main gear tire Air Trac Wheel hub and brake Marc Ingegno 5 00 5 Nose gear tire Sava 4 00 6 CONTROL SURFACES TRAVEL LIMITS Ailerons Up 20 down 15 2 Stabilator Up 18 down 3 1 Trim Tab 2 12 1 Ru...

Page 9: ...with torque damper Compression ratio 9 0 1 Four cylinder horizontally opposed twins with overall displacement of 1352 c c mixed cooling water cooled heads and air cooled cylinders twin carburetors integrated reduction gear 2 4286 1 with torque damper Compression ratio 10 3 1 Maximum power 81Hp 59 6 kW at 5800 rpm max 5 min 100 Hp 73 5 kW at 5800 rpm max 5 min PROPELLER P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 Manufa...

Page 10: ...e wing s leading edge with drainage reservoir located in engine cowling Capacity of each wing tank 35 liters Total capacity 70 liters OIL P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 Oil system Forced with external oil reservoir Oil Automotive grade type oil type API SF or SG preferably synthetic or semi synthetic Oil Capacity 2 5 liters COOLING P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 Cooling system Mixed air and liquid pressurized close...

Page 11: ...f 100 GENERAL FLIGHT MANUAL October 98 1 7 WEIGHTS P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 Maximum takeoff 544 kg Standard empty weight 281 kg SPECIFIC LOADINGS P96 Golf P92 Gof 100 Wing Loading 44 6 kg m2 44 6 kg m2 Power Loading 6 8 kg hp 5 44 kg hp Rev 1 of the 4 12 98 ...

Page 12: ...he speed that should not be exceeded except in smooth air then only with caution VNE Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time VS Stalling Speed VS0 Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in the landing configuration at the most forward center of gravity VX Best Angle of Climb Speed is the speed which results in the ...

Page 13: ...CE AND FLIGHT PLANNING TERMINOLOGY Crosswind Velocity is the velocity of the crosswind component for which adequate control of the airplane during takeoff and landing was actually demonstrated Usable fuel is the fuel available for flight planning Unusable fuel e quantity of fuel that cannot be safely used in flight g is the acceleration of gravity TOR is the takeoff distance measured from actual s...

Page 14: ... total moment by the total weight of the airplane Standard Empty Weight is the weight of a standard airplane including unusable fuel full operati fuels and full engine oil Basic Empty Weight is the standard empty weight plus the weight of optional equipment Useful Load is the difference between takeoff weight and the basic empty weight Maximum Weight is the maximum weight of the aircraft Maximum T...

Page 15: ... Meters per second m s Knots Kts 1 852 Kilometers hour Km h Kilometers hour Km h 0 540 Knots Kts PRESSURE Atmosphere Atm 29 921 Pounds sq in psi Pounds sq in psi 0 0334 Atmosphere Atm LENGTH Kilometers Km 0 540 Nautical miles nm Nautical miles nm 1 852 Kilometers km Meters m 3 281 Feet ft Feet ft 0 3048 Meters m Centimeters cm 0 3937 Inches in Inches in 2 540 Centimeters cm VOLUME Liters lt 0 2642...

Page 16: ...ions FLIGHT MANUAL SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS 2 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS 3 POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS 4 PROPELLER 5 POWERPLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS 6 OTHER INSTRUMENT MARKINGS OPTIONAL 7 WEIGHT LIMITS 7 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS 7 FUEL 8 ...

Page 17: ...d equipment AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS For all models SPEED kts IAS REMARKS VNE Never exceed speed 145 Never exceed this speed in any operation VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed 113 Never exceed this speed unless in smooth air and then only with caution VA Maneuvering speed 81 Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed as this may cause stress in excess of limit load factor VFE Ma...

Page 18: ... IAS kts SIGNIFICANCE White arc 33 60 Flap Operating Range lower limit is VSO at maximum weight and upper limit is maximum speed permissible with flaps extended at 40 Green arc 60 113 Normal Operating Range lower limit is VS1 at maximum weight and flaps at 0 and upper limit is maximum structural speed VNO Yellow arc 113 145 Operations must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air Red line ...

Page 19: ...UM POWER Max Power HP Max RPM Max time minuti 912UL 912 S 912UL 912 S 912UL 912S Takeoff 81 100 5800 5800 5 5 Max continuous 79 94 5500 5500 TEMPERATURES 912UL 912 S Coolant monitored at cylinder heads 150 C 135 C Maximum Oil 140 C 130 C Minimum Oil 50 C 50 C OIL PRESSURE 912UL 912 S Minimum 1 5 bar 1 5 bar Maximum 5 bar 5 bar CAUTION Admissible pressure for cold start is 7 bar maximum for short p...

Page 20: ...ot permitted COOLANT Mixture 80 concentrated antifreeze e g Fiat Paraflu with anticorrosion additive and 20 demineralized water PROPELLER P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 MANUFACTURER F lli Tonini Giancarlo Felice F lli Tonini Giancarlo Felice MODEL GT ECHO 2 166 145 GT ECHO 2 172 164 PROP TYPE Wood twin blade fixed pitch Wood twin blade fixed pitch DIAMETER 1660 mm 1720 mm ...

Page 21: ...ution RED LINE Maximum limit Prop tach RPM 2160 5500 5500 5800 5800 Oil Temp C 50 90 110 50 90 110 140 140 Cylinder heads and coolant temp C 0 150 150 Oil pressure bar 1 5 1 5 5 5 7 7 Fuel gage liters 0 5 P96 Golf 100 INSTRUMENT RED LINE Minimum limit GREEN ARC Normal operating YELLOW ARC Caution RED LINE Maximum limit Prop tach RPM 2160 5500 5500 5800 5800 Oil Temp C 50 90 100 50 90 100 130 130 C...

Page 22: ...12 14 Volt WEIGHT LIMITS Maximum takeoff weight 544 kg CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS Forward limit 22 MAC Aft limit 25 MAC Datum Propeller support flange w o spacer Bubble Level Cabin floor It is the pilot s responsibility to insure that airplane is properly loaded MANEUVERS This aircraft is intended for non aerobatics operation only Non aerobatics operation includes Any maneuver pertaining to normal f...

Page 23: ...MS r l P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 Limitations FLIGHT MANUAL FUEL TWO TANKS 35 liters each TOTAL FUEL CAPACITY 70 liters Optional Fuel 90 liters APPROVED FUEL High octane gasoline DIN 51600 O NORM 1103 Unleaded gasoline DIN 51603 O NORM 1101 AVGAS 100LL ...

Page 24: ...olf P96 Golf 100 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MANUALE DI VOLO SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 ENGINE FAILURE 2 FORCED LANDING 3 SMOKE AND FIRE 3 RECOVERY FROM UNINTENTIONAL SPIN 4 DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGENCY PARACHUTE optional equipment 5 ...

Page 25: ...he problem Before operating the aircraft the pilot should become thoroughly familiar with the present manual and in particular with the present section Further a continued and appropriate training should be provided ENGINE FAILURE Depending on the case that may apply the emergency procedure should follow the guidelines listed below ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF RUN 1 Throttle idle fully out 2 Brak...

Page 26: ...flaps as needed 3 Select terrain area most suitable for emergency landing and flyby checking for obstacles and wind direction 4 Tighten safety belts release door safety lock and unlatch doors 5 Before touchdown fuel shutoff valves OFF 6 Flaps extended 7 After touchdown Magnetos OFF Master switch OFF SMOKE AND FIRE ENGINE FIRE WHILE PARKED OR DURING TAKEOFF 1 Fuel shutoff valves OFF 2 Abort takeoff...

Page 27: ...needed 6 Carry out forced landing emergency procedure 7 Master switch OFF CABIN FIRE DURING FLIGHT 1 Master switch OFF 2 Door vents open 3 Extinguish fire with on board fire extinguisher if available directing spray towards flame base 4 Land as soon as possible RECOVERY FROM UNINTENTIONAL SPIN In case of unintentional spin entry follow the emergency procedure described below 1 Adjust throttle to m...

Page 28: ...g aircraft as much as possible 2 Minimum altitude for successful deployment is about 33m 100 ft 1 3 Pull firing clip firmly and to end travel 4 Shut off fuel valves magnetos and Master switch 5 Tighten safety belt and helmet chinstrap 6 Release door safety lock and unlatch doors 7 Assume tucked position before touchdown 1 This altitude is only representative successful deployment depends on aircra...

Page 29: ...UZIONI AERONAUTICHE TECNAMS r l P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 RIGGING AND DERIGGING ENGINE COWLING 2 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 3 CHECKLISTS 6 ...

Page 30: ... To assemble rest cowling horizontal insuring proper fitting of nose base reference pins VII Secure latches by applying light pressure check for proper assembly and fasten Cam locks WARNING Butterfly Cam locks are locked when tabs are horizontal and open when tabs are vertical Verify tab is below latch upon closing LOWER COWLING I After disassembling upper cowling bring propeller to horizontal pos...

Page 31: ... flight controls to insure unhindered movement of control rods and surfaces D Throttle adjust friction lock E Parking brake engage F Master switch ON G Check generator switch is illuminated and ammeter is operational H Flaps control activate control to full extension checking end travel and instrument indication I Trim control activate control to full scale checking end travel and instrument indic...

Page 32: ...ar tire inflation 1 4 bar condition and alignment check fuselage skin condition H Horizontal tail and tab check integrity and unhindered movement I Vertical tail and rudder check integrity and unhindered movement J Check integrity of right side main landing gear tire pressure 1 4 bar condition and alignment check fuselage skin condition K Right flap and hinges check integrity L Right aileron check...

Page 33: ... of fireproof protection braids drain circuit using a container to collect fuel activating the specific drainage tap located on the firewall shut fuel taps Check for absence of water or other contaminants Drainage operation must be carried out with aircraft parked on level surface V Check integrity of silent blocks VI Check firmness and integrity of air intake system check externally that ram air ...

Page 34: ...FLIGHT MANUAL FIG 4 1 CHECKLISTS BEFORE STARTING ENGINE after preflight inspection I Flight planning fuel consumption refueling II Aircraft loading and related inspections see section 6 III Seat and safety belts adjustment IV Canopy closed V Parking brake ON STARTING ENGINE I Master switch ON ...

Page 35: ...ee VIII Ignition key set to START IX Prop RPM 2400 2600 RPM X Choke OFF XI Check engine instruments XII Check oil pressure rise maximum value cold 7 bar BEFORE TAXING I Radio and utilities ON II Altimeter reset III Navigation lights as required TAXING I Brakes check operation II Flight instruments check operation HOLDING I Parking brake ON II Turn on navigation lights strobe light and landing ligh...

Page 36: ...t magnetos VI Visual check of fuel indicators VII Flaps at 15 takeoff VIII Stick free and zero trim IX Seat belts fastened and canopy secured TAKEOFF AND CLIMB I Control Tower for takeoff II Check for clear final and wind on runway III Parking brake OFF full throttle IV Carburetor heat OFF V Taxi to line up VI Rotation and takeoff VII Slight braking to stop wheel spinning VIII Flaps retracted IX L...

Page 37: ...cted asymmetrical fuel consumption between left and right fuel tanks by shutting off appropriate fuel tap located inside cabin LANDING I Turn on landing light if installed II Check runway final and establish descent and approach to final III Electric fuel pump switch ON IV Extend flaps gradually to maximum deflection of 35 V Optimal touchdown speed 70 Km h VI Land and taxi VII Flaps to 0 VIII Park...

Page 38: ...AERONAUTICHE P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT II Turn off all electrical utilities MANUAL III Set magnetos switch and Master switch to OFF IV Set both fuel taps to OFF V Insert hood over pitot tube located near left side wingtip ...

Page 39: ... Golf 100 PERFORMANCE FLIGHT MANUAL October 98 5 1 SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 AIRSPEED CALIBRATION 3 STALL SPEEDS 4 CROSSWIND 5 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE 6 LANDING 7 CLIMB PERFORMANCE 8 CRUISE 10 CONSEQUENCES FROM RAIN INSECT 10 ...

Page 40: ...lanning of flight activity from takeoff to landing Data reported in graphs and or tables were determined using aircraft and engine in good condition average piloting techniques Each graph or table was determined according to ICAO Standard Atmosphere ISA m s l evaluations of the impact on performance was carried out by theoretical means for airspeed external temperature altitude weight ...

Page 41: ...d airspeed VIAS valid for flap settings 0 15 e 40 expected during cruise takeoff and landing The graph is valid for both P96 Golf and P96 Golf 100 Fig 5 1 CALIBRATED AND INDICATED AIRSPEED Example Given Find VIAS 81 Kts VCAS 79 Kts Indicated airspeed assumes 0 instrument error 113 P96 Airspeed indicator adjustement 102 91 81 CAS kts 70 79 60 49 38 27 27 38 124 49 60 70 81 91 102 113 IAS Km h ...

Page 42: ...E FLIGHT MANUAL October 98 5 4 STALL SPEEDS CONDITIONS weight 544 kg engine idle no ground effect NOTE The table below is valid for both P96 Golf and P96 Golf 100 LATERAL BANKING 0 30 45 60 FLAPS IAS Kts IAS Kts IAS Kts IAS Kts 0 37 40 43 51 15 35 38 40 50 40 33 35 40 46 ...

Page 43: ...P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 PERFORMANCE FLIGHT MANUAL October 98 5 5 CROSSWIND Maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity is 15 Kts Example Given Find Wind direction 30 Headwind 17 5 Kts Wind velocity 20 Kts Crosswind 10 Kts Fig 5 2 CROSSWIND CHART ...

Page 44: ...F PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF DISTANCE CONDITIONS ISA Flaps 15 Engine full throttle Slope 0 Wind zero Runway dry compact grass 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 400 450 500 550 600 WEIGHT kg Ground roll Distance m Ground roll P96 Golf Ground roll P96 Golf 100 Distance P96 Golf Distance P96 Golf 100 Fig 5 3 TAKEOFF ...

Page 45: ...DISTANCE P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 CONDITIONS Flaps 40 Runway dry compact grass Engine throttle idle Slope 0 Wind zero Distance over a 15 m obstacle The graph below is valid for both P96 Golf and P96 Golf 100 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 WEIGHT Kg Ground roll Distance m Ground roll DISTANCE Fig 5 4 LANDING ...

Page 46: ...UAL October 98 5 8 CLIMB PERFORMANCE CLIMB RATE IN CLEAN CONFIGURATION CONDITIONS ISA Flaps 0 Weight 544 kg Engine full throttle 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Altitude m R C m sec P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 Fig 5 5 CLIMB RATE P96 Golf Î VY 65 Kts P96 Golf 100 Î VY 67 Kts ...

Page 47: ...ICHE TECNAMS r l P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 PERFORMANCE FLIGHT MANUAL October 98 5 9 NOTE For each 10 kg weight increase R C decreases by 0 15 m sec 30 ft min For each 10 kg weight decrease R C increases by 0 15 m sec 30 ft min ...

Page 48: ... Golf RPM CAS kts Hourly consumption lt h 4300 86 13 4800 95 14 5000 100 16 P96 Golf 100 RPM CAS kts Hourly consumption lt h 4300 94 14 4800 100 18 5000 108 20 CONSEQUENCES FROM RAIN INSECT Flight tests have demonstrated that neither rain nor insect impact build up on leading edge has caused substantial variations on aircraft s flight qualities ...

Page 49: ...I AERONAUTICHE TECNAMS r l P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 WEIGHT BALANCE FLIGHT MANUAL October 98 6 1 SECTION 6 WEIGHT BALANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 AIRCRAFT WEIGHING PROCEDURES 2 WEIGHING REPORT 3 C G TRAVEL 4 ...

Page 50: ...s retracted 0 h Control surfaces in neutral position i Place scales min capacity 150 kg under each wheel LEVELING a Level the aircraft using cabin floor as datum b Center bubble on level by deflating nose tire WEIGHING a Record weight shown on each scale b Repeat weighing procedure three times c Calculate empty weight DETERMINATION OF C G LOCATION a Drop a plumb bob tangent to the leading edge in ...

Page 51: ...ort flange without spacer Kg meters Nose wheel weight W1 Plumb bob distance from LS wheel AL LS wheel weight WL Plumb bob distance from RS wheel AR RS wheel weight WR Average distance AL AR 2 A W2 WL WR Bob distance from nose wheel B Empty weight We W1 W2 m D D 14 100 D W A W B We 2 1 Empty weight moment M D 1 39 We Kg m Maximum takeoff weight WT 544 kg Empty weight We Maximum useful load WT We Wu...

Page 52: ...October 98 6 4 COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE TECNAMS r l P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 WEIGHT BALANCE FLIGHT MANUAL C G TRAVEL C G travel for all loading combinations is as follows 22 25 of Mean Aerodynamic Chord ...

Page 53: ...00 SYSTEMS FLIGHT MANUAL SECTION 7 AIRPLANE AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 AIRFRAME 2 FLIGHT CONTROLS 2 INSTRUMENT PANEL 3 SEATS AND SAFETY HARNESS 4 SLIDING CANOPY 4 ENGINE 4 FUEL SYSTEM 4 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 5 AIRSPEED INDICATOR SYSTEM 5 BRAKES 5 ...

Page 54: ...5 liter fuel tank located inboard adjacent to root s tapered section FUSELAGE The front part of the fuselage is made up of a truss structure with special steel tubing and beginning at the cabin s rear section by an aluminum alloy semi monococque structure A composite material aft upper segment joins cabin s canopy with vertical tail The engine housing is confined from the cabin by a stainless stee...

Page 55: ...oard Flaps act in continuous mode an indicator shows flap position retracted 0 takeoff 15 and landing 40 The electric circuit is protected by a breaker positioned on the right side of the dashboard Longitudinal trim is performed by a small tab positioned on the stabilator and controlled via an electric servoactuator by pushing an Up Down push button located on the control stick INSTRUMENT PANEL Th...

Page 56: ... 912UL 4 stroke horizontally opposed 4 cylinder mixed air and water cooled twin electronic ignition forced lubrication Maximum rating 81Hp 59 6 Kw at 5800 RPM Reduction gearbox 2 273 1 Prop GT ECHO 2 166 145 P96 Golf 100 ROTAX 912S 4 stroke horizontally opposed 4 cylinder mixed air and water cooled twin electronic ignition forced lubrication Maximum rating 100 Hp 73 5 Kw a 5800 g min Reduction gea...

Page 57: ...RE These instruments are connected in series with their respective sensors Temperature instruments are protected by the same breaker oil pressure indicator and a second breaker protects other instruments FUEL FEED PRESSURE INDICATOR This instrument indicates correct fuel feed to carbs if value should drop unexpectedly activate emergency electric fuel pump AIRSPEED INDICATOR SYSTEM The aircraft s a...

Page 58: ... TECNAMS r l P96 Golf P96 Golf 100 GROUND HANDLING SERVICE FLIGHT MANUAL October 98 8 1 SECTION 8 GROUND HANDLING AND SERVICE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 AIRPLANE INSPECTION PERIODS 2 GROUND HANDLING 2 CLEANING AND CARE 3 ...

Page 59: ...bed in the aircraft s Service Manual or in the engine s Service Manual GROUND HANDLING TOWING The aircraft is most easily and safely maneuvered by hand by pulling it by its propeller near the axle A tow bar can be fixed onto nose gear fork Aircraft may be steered by turning rudder or for steep turns by pushing lightly on tailcone to lift nose wheel PARKING AND TIE DOWN When parking airplane outdoo...

Page 60: ...ightly all aircraft components onto the cart to avoid damage during transport Minimum cart size are 7x2 5 meters It is suggested to place wings under the aircraft s bottom secured by specific clamps Secondary components such as stabilators and struts shall be protected from accidental hits using plastic or other material For correct rigging and derigging procedure refer to Service Manual CLEANING ...

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