SMC Networks 6924MT, Management Manual

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4-2
Spanning Tree Algorithm
The Spanning Tree Algorithm (that is, the STA configuration algorithm as
outlined in IEEE 802.1D) can be used to detect and disable network
loops, and to provide link backup. This allows the switch to interact with
other bridging devices (including STA-compliant switches, bridges or
routers) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any
two stations on the network. If redundant paths or loops are detected, one
or more ports are put into a blocking state (stopped from forwarding
packets) to eliminate the extra paths. Moreover, if one or more of the paths
in a stable spanning tree topology fail, this algorithm will automatically
change ports from blocking state to forwarding state to reestablish contact
with all network stations.
The STA uses a distributed algorithm to select a bridging device
(STA-compliant switch, bridge or router) that serves as the root of the
spanning tree network. It selects a root port on each bridging device
(except for the root device) which incurs the lowest path cost when
forwarding a packet from that device to the root device. Then it selects a
designated bridging device from each LAN which incurs the lowest path
cost when forwarding a packet from that LAN to the root device. All ports
connected to designated bridging devices are assigned as designated ports.
After determining the lowest cost spanning tree, it enables all root ports
and designated ports, and disables all other ports. Network packets are
therefore only forwarded between root ports and designated ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for
Hello BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the Root
Bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval
(Maximum Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the Root Bridge is
down. This bridge will then initiate negotiations with other bridges to
reconfigure the network to reestablish a valid network topology.