INSTALLATION
The AODV protocol generates fewer transmissions, and conserves network capacity. Each
route request has a sequence number tracked by the nodes, so that they will not repeat a previous
route request. Route requests also have a time-to-live indicator, that restricts the number of times
they will be transmitted. AODV also creates no route discovery transmissions when a message is
traveling an existing route. Distance vector routing is simple, and doesn't require much memory or
calculation. Because standard AODV requires extra time to establish a connection, the SpeedNet
algorithm remembers its critical routes, such as the peer-to-peer IED routes within the power-grid
distribution infrastructure.
IP Basics
An Internet Protocol (IP) address is the unique identifier for a node (host connection) on an IP
network. The IP address is a 32 bit binary number, usually shown as 4 decimal values separated by
decimal points. Each value represents 8 bits in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets), and this is
called "dotted decimal" notation.
For example: 172.26.220.200 can be viewed in binary form:
172 .26 .220 .200
10 1 0 11 00.000 11 0 1 0.11 0 11100.11 00 1 000
Every IP address consists of two parts that identify the network and the node. The address
class and subnet mask determine which part belongs to the network address and which part
belongs to the node address.
There are five address classes. You determine the IP address class by examining the first 4
bits of the IP address.
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Class A addresses begin with Oxxx, or 1 to 126 decimal.
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Class B addresses begin with IOxx, or 128 to 191 decimal.
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Class C addresses begin with 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal.
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Class D addresses begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal.
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Class E addresses begin with 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal.
Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loop back and internal
testing on a local machine. You can test this by pinging 127.0.0.1, which points to your local
machine. Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting, and Class E addresses are reserved for
future use, and should not be used for a host address.
This is how the class determines, by default, which part of the IP address
belongs to the network (N) and which part belongs to the node (n).
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Class A - NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn
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Class B - NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn
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Class C - NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn
In the example, 172.26.220.200 is a Class B address so by default the Network part of the
address (known as the Network Address) is defined by the first two octets (172.26. x.x) and the
node part is defined by the last 2 octets (x.x.220.200).
To specify the network address in an IP address, the node section is entered as zeros. In our
example, 172.26.0.0 specifies the network address for 172.26.220.200. When the node section is
set to all "1"s, it specifies a broadcast that is sent to all nodes on the network, and is indicated:
172.26.255.255, which is the broadcast address for our example. Note that this is true for all
classes, regardless of the length of the node section.
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