Roland VK-88 Owner'S Manual Download Page 38

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Playing the Organ

[SLOW] (Slow Percussion) button

Switches the speed at which the percussion sound will decay.

fig.01-25

Button

Explanation

Lit (ON)

The percussion sound will disappear slowly. The
percussion will have a more gentle attack.

Dark (OFF)

The percussion sound will disappear quickly. The
percussion will have a sharper attack.

You can specify the speed at

which the percussion sound

decays (p. 67).

Fast Percussion

Slow Percussion

Time

Volume of the
harmonic bars

Short decay time

Long decay time

Percussion

Volume

Percussion on a tone wheel organ (Single Trigger
Algorithm)

The percussion on tone wheel organs did not apply to all notes that were played.

It was applied only to notes which were played simultaneously from a condition

where no notes were being played. When notes were played legato (smoothly and

connectedly), percussion was applied only to the first-played note. When notes

were played staccato (articulating each note separately), percussion was applied

to all notes. This method is referred to as single trigger algorithm, and is a very

important element in organ performance. On tone wheel organs, percussion was

produced by an analog circuit. For this reason, when there was only a very short

time interval from when one key was released until the next key was pressed, the

percussion circuit was unable to recharge fully, causing the percussion to sound at

a lower volume. The VK-88 simulates this behavior, and also allows you to modify

the organ voice settings to adjust the recharge time characteristics of the circuit (p.

67).

VK-88_e.book 38 ページ２００４年４月２０日　火曜日　午前９時０分

Summary of Contents for VK-88

Page 1: ...l assured that you have gained a good grasp of every feature provided by your new unit owner s manual should be read in its entirety The manual should be saved and kept on hand as a convenient reference Conventions Used in This Manual Button names are enclosed in square brackets e g REVERB button Fractional harmonic bars p 31 are expressed like this 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 8 means that you should press one ...

Page 2: ...0 Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs convenience receptacles and the point where they exit from the apparatus 11 Only use attachments accessories specified by the manufacturer 12 Never use with a cart stand tripod bracket or table except as specified by the manufacturer or sold with the apparatus When a cart is used use caution when moving the cart apparat...

Page 3: ... can damage the cord producing severed elements and short circuits Damaged cords are fire and shock hazards 010 This unit either alone or in combination with an amplifier and headphones or speakers may be capable of producing sound levels that could cause permanent hearing loss Do not operate for a long period of time at a high volume level or at a level that is uncomfortable If you experience any...

Page 4: ... and monitor speaker are capable of resulting in instability causing possible injury 102b Always grasp only the plug on the power supply cord when plugging into or unplugging from an outlet or this unit 103a Any accumulation of dust between the power plug and the power outlet can result in poor insulation and lead to fire Periodically wipe away such dust with a dry cloth Also disconnect the power ...

Page 5: ...in on top of the keyboard This can be the cause of malfunction such as keys ceasing to produce sound 359 Do not paste stickers decals or the like to this instrument Peeling such matter off the instrument may damage the exterior finish Maintenance 401b To clean the unit use a dry soft cloth or one that is slightly dampened Try to wipe the entire surface using an equal amount of strength moving the ...

Page 6: ...ning Off the Power 26 Restoring the Factory Settings Factory Reset 27 Listening to the Demo Songs 28 Playing the Organ 29 Listening to Various Sounds 29 About the Organ Voice 30 Adjusting the Sound in Real Time Harmonic Bars 31 Changing the Organ Sound Wheel Type Leakage Level Key Click 34 Adding Crispness to the Sound Percussion 36 Adding Modulation to the Sound Vibrato and Chorus 39 Using the CO...

Page 7: ...6 Using the Active Expression Function 56 Using a Control Pedal 57 Assigning a Function to the Control Pedal 58 Using the Pedalboard Foot Switch 60 Using the Hold Pedal to Sustain the Sound 60 Using the Bender 61 Using the Modulation Lever 61 Changing the Sound with Aftertouch 62 Changing the Pedal and MODULATION Lever Functions ORGAN CONTROL Button 62 Advanced Use 63 About the Edit Modes 63 Basic...

Page 8: ... External Sound Generator 88 Making the Master Keyboard Settings 88 Setting a Different MIDI Channel for Each Keyboard 88 Turning Transmission of MIDI Messages On and Off Separately for Each Keyboard 89 Using the VK 88 to Select Tones on an External Sound Module 89 Mixing the Sound Module Sound with the Organ Sound 90 Connecting a Rotary Speaker 91 Troubleshooting 92 Error Indications 95 Registrat...

Page 9: ... intuitively from the front panel just as if you were adjusting the sound on a guitar amp Natural Wood Cabinet The cabinet is built of wood echoing the construction of traditional tone wheel organs The side panels feature beautifully finished natural wood that will gain luster with years of use Built in Orchestral Tones Complement the Organ Sound Generator The VK 88 includes an ORCHESTRAL TONES fe...

Page 10: ...s vibrato or chorus effect on and off p 39 4 VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob Switches the type of vibrato or chorus effect p 39 D BEAM 5 D BEAM controller You can modify the sound by moving your hand over the D Beam controller p 42 6 D BEAM ON button Switches the D Beam controller on off p 42 7 D BEAM button Selects the effect that will be controlled by the D Beam controller p 42 1 4 6 5 7 2 3 A D E B C V...

Page 11: ...l Tones 11 LOWER ORCHESTRAL TONES TO UPPER button Plays the Lower Orchestral Tones on the upper manual p 50 12 ORCHESTRAL TONES PEDAL button When the ORCHESTRAL TONES PEDAL button is flashing the LOWER PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES buttons are used for selecting the Pedal Orchestral Tones and the LOWER PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES harmonic bars adjust the volume of the Pedal Orchestral Tones p 50 13 UPPER ORCH...

Page 12: ...ed by the wheel type p 35 23 TONE WHEEL button Select the type of the virtual tonewheel p 35 24 KEY CLICK button Adjusts the key click volume p 35 25 H BAR MANUAL Harmonic Bar Manual button When this function is used the harmonic bar settings will change from the settings of the registration to the positions settings of the harmonic bars on the panel p 30 REGISTRATION 26 WRITE button Saves the pan...

Page 13: ...SPEED indicator The left and right indicators blink alternately indicating the speed of the rotary speaker p 40 39 ORGAN CONTROL button This button selects whether the BENDER MODULATION lever will be used as an organ controller or as a controller for orchestral tones and external MIDI devices p 62 40 BENDER MODULATION lever When using this as an organ voice controller you can assign the function s...

Page 14: ... the external keyboard p 84 You could also connect an external sequencer here and get the VK 88 to play the music the sequencer sends it p 86 46 MIDI OUT connector An external MIDI device can be connected here to receive MIDI data transmitted from the VK 88 p 86 87 G 47 HOLD PEDAL jack A pedal switch can be connected here While you depress the pedal the organ voice or Orchestral Tones you are play...

Page 15: ... jack 57 ORGAN OUTPUT L MONO jack The Organ voice s audio signals are output from audio systems or amps in stereo They support both unbalanced and balanced output If you are outputting in mono connect the L MONO jack The volume of the ORGAN OUTPUT jack cannot be adjusted by the Master Volume knob I 58 MIX OUTPUT R jack 59 MIX OUTPUT L MONO jack These jacks output the audio signal from the entire V...

Page 16: ... either the second SECOND or third THIRD partial as the pitch of the percussion sound and you can decrease the percussion volume SOFT or lengthen its decay SLOW The percussion on tone wheel organs is of a type called single trigger meaning that percussion was not applied to all the notes that were played but only to the note that was pressed first If you release the currently played key s percussi...

Page 17: ...armonics of the harmonic bars could be sounded by all 61 keys of a tone wheel organ However if this were the case the upper range would be unpleasantly screechy and the lower range would be excessively low and muddy sounding For this reason fold back is used on the VK 88 to produce a well balanced sound Amp Type Rotary Overdrive Tone The VK 88 features four different amp types reproducing everythi...

Page 18: ...tion Memory Settings that are stored independently for each registration number such as harmonic bar and panel settings are called registration memory p 63 There are a total of 64 registration memories and each of them can be edited p 48 PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES LOWERORCHESTRAL TONES UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES PIANO STRINGS E PIANO 1 Electric Piano 1 LARGE CHOIR E PIANO 2 Electric Piano 2 GOSPEL CHOIR C...

Page 19: ...AC Inlet NOTE Be sure to use the supplied power cord NOTE To prevent malfunction and or damage to speakers or other devices always turn down the volume and turn off the power on all devices before making any connections NOTE Before connecting the power cord remove the rear cover p 25 and then confirm the power voltage and power consumption printed on nameplate and read the caution printed on rear ...

Page 20: ...rs to the ORCHESTRAL TONES OUTPUT jack and ORGAN OUTPUT jack fig 01 02 Use audio cables to connect audio equipment such as an amp or speakers NOTE To prevent malfunction and or damage to speakers or other devices always turn down the volume and turn off the power on all devices before making any connections Connect to the MIX OUTPUT XLR jack when using XLR type cables In order to take full advanta...

Page 21: ...es About a OUTPUT jacks The VK 88 s OUTPUT jacks support both balanced output and unbalanced output To use balanced output use a cable with a balanced TRS type phone plug To use unbalance output use a cable with an unbalanced TS type phone plug fig 01 03 About a XLR type connectors The pin assignment for the XLR type connectors is as shown below Before making any connections make sure that this pi...

Page 22: ... that was included with the VK 88 connect the VK 88 s PK IN connector to the PK OUT connector of your pedal keyboard unit fig 01 05 4 Turn on the power of the VK 88 NOTE To prevent malfunction and or damage to speakers or other devices always turn down the volume and turn off the power on all devices before making any connections PK OUT PK IN PK 25 PK 7 etc If the special cable is connected it is ...

Page 23: ...yboard unit fig 01 05 4 Turn on the MIDI pedal keyboard unit 5 Turn on the power of the VK 88 NOTE To prevent malfunction and or damage to speakers or other devices always turn down the volume and turn off the power on all devices before making any connections MIDI OUT MIDI PEDAL IN PK 25 PK 7 etc NOTE The power switch of your MIDI pedal keyboard unit must be turned on before the power switch of t...

Page 24: ... HOLD PEDAL jack CONTROL PEDAL 1 or CONTROL PEDAL 2 jack fig 01 06 Setting Up the Music Stand 1 Attach the music stand by inserting it into the two holes DP 2 EV 7 NOTE Use only the specified expression pedal EV 7 sold separately By connecting any other expression pedals you risk causing malfunction and or damage to the unit VK 88_e book 24 ページ２００４年４月２０日火曜日午前９時０分 ...

Page 25: ...wn in the figure below These 3 screws can perform enough securement for Rear Board by hand Attaching the Cord Clamp You can attach the cord clamp and then pull on the cable 1 Use the screws included to attach the cord clamp to the underside of the VK 88 as shown in the figure below Rear Cover Screw NOTE Bundle all of the cord with the cord clamp Cord Clamp Screw Cord Clamp VK 88_e book 25 ページ２００４...

Page 26: ...n Any sound data you have created has been saved 2 Turn off the power of the equipment connected to the VK 88 3 Press the lower portion of the VK 88 s POWER switch to turn off the power fig 01 07 NOTE Once the connections have been completed turn on power to your various devices in the order specified By turning on devices in the wrong order you risk causing malfunction and or damage to speakers a...

Page 27: ...e power 4 Press the BANK button WRITE button and H BAR MANUAL button until all of the panel indicators light All settings will be restored to what they were when the instrument first left the factory fig 01 07 NOTE When you perform the Factory Reset operation all the data you created will be lost from the VK 88 s internal memory If the VK 88 contains important data that you wish to keep use the Bu...

Page 28: ...ith the next song in the sequence When the last song finishes playing playback will return to the first song and continue 3 Press the BANK button Demo song playback will stop You will exit Demo mode Demo Song Number Song Name Copyright 1 Joyful Peace for All 2003 Roland Corporation 2 Sunset Blvd 2002 Roland Corporation 3 Beach Life 2003 Roland Corporation 4 Blue Forest 2002 Roland Corporation 2 1 ...

Page 29: ...tons from 1 through 8 to select a registration number The indicator of the number button you ve selected will light 3 Play the keyboard to hear the sound you selected 1 2 1 If you want to select a registration from the same bank step 1 is not necessary While you are pressing the BANK button the indicator of the selected bank will light Example Switching from registration 11 to registration 18 Pres...

Page 30: ...of the Pedal organ part on the pedal keyboard p 85 The sounds of the Upper Lower and Pedal parts of an organ voice can be edited using the harmonic bars fig 01 13 1 Press the H BAR MANUAL button to make its indicator light When the H BAR MANUAL button s indicator is dark the harmonic bar settings will be the harmonic bar settings of the organ voice of the selected registration p 29 48 2 Change the...

Page 31: ...push a harmonic bar inward until no number is visible its volume will be 0 and no sound will be heard If you pull a harmonic bar all the way out the volume will be at the maximum A sine wave pure tone of differing pitch is assigned to each of the harmonic bars and you can create a variety of sounds by mixing these sine waves fig 01 15 75 When percussion is on the 1 pitch will not be produced Percu...

Page 32: ...eating the tone The 8 pitch is the basic pitch of the sound and the sound is created based on this 8 pitch The pitches of the harmonic bars are related as follows fig 01 16 16 8 4 2 1 51 3 22 3 13 5 11 3 one octave below 5th root 8th 12th 15th 17th 19th 22nd 8 When the middle C C4 note is pressed each harmonic bar will sound the following notes VK 88_e book 32 ページ２００４年４月２０日火曜日午前９時０分 ...

Page 33: ...e folded back for low notes Folding back the high frequency portion prevents the high frequency sounds from being unpleasantly shrill and folding back the low frequency portion prevents the sound from becoming muddy On the VK 88 faithfully simulates this characteristic As you can see from the relation of the pitches the 5 1 3 pitch is unique in that it is not arranged in order of pitch The reason ...

Page 34: ...that are produced by the tone wheels of a tone wheel organ are not precisely pure sine waves since they are affected by the manufacturing precision of the wheel and by the characteristics of the analog circuitry However it is these imperfections in the waveform that give a tone wheel organ its unique character Leakage Noise On tone wheel organs the sound of the note that was pressed was slightly c...

Page 35: ... Click This adjusts the level of the key click sound 3 Turn the KEY CLICK knob Turning the knob toward the left will decrease the volume of the key click and turning it toward the right will increase the volume of the key click Type Explanation VINTAGE 1 A tone wheel that simulates the tone wheel organs of the 70 s VINTAGE 2 A tone wheel that simulates the tone wheel organs of the 60 s SOLID Harmo...

Page 36: ...Percussion button This button switches Third Percussion on off Button Explanation Lit ON Percussion will sound at the same pitch as the 4 harmonic bar Dark OFF Second percussion will not sound Button Explanation Lit ON Percussion will sound at the same pitch as the 2 2 3 harmonic bar Dark OFF Third percussion will not sound Percussion can be added only to the upper part of organ voices It cannot b...

Page 37: ... by the harmonic bars will become lower This reproduces the behavior of tone wheel organs If the organ volume decreases when you turn the SOFT button off you can make settings p 68 You can also specify the percussion volumes that will be selected by the Percussion Normal Soft settings p 67 Normal Percussion Soft Percussion Time Volume of the harmonic bars will decreases Volume of the harmonic bars...

Page 38: ...o notes which were played simultaneously from a condition where no notes were being played When notes were played legato smoothly and connectedly percussion was applied only to the first played note When notes were played staccato articulating each note separately percussion was applied to all notes This method is referred to as single trigger algorithm and is a very important element in organ per...

Page 39: ...the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob to switch the type of vibrato or chorus effect The indicator of the selected vibrato or chorus effect type will light Three types of vibrato and three types of chorus are provided a total of six types V 1 V 2 V 3 This applies vibrato pitch modulation Increasing the value will produce a deeper effect C 1 C 2 C 3 This applies chorus to add depth and spaciousness to the so...

Page 40: ...ker will be applied Dark OFF The rotary speaker effect will not be applied Indicator Explanation Either the left the right or both SPEED indicators light up The speed of rotation will gradually slow down and then stop The left and right SPEED indicators blink alternately From a stopped condition the rotation will gradually become faster You can use a foot switch D Beam controller or other controll...

Page 41: ... You can adjust the tonal character of the organ voice 3 Turn the TONE knob to adjust the tonal character Counterclockwise rotation The organ voice becomes fatter Clockwise rotation The organ voice becomes brighter Type Explanation TYPE I Characteristics of the most frequently used rotary speakers TYPE II Characteristics of the large vacuum tube amps that were an indispensable element of the Briti...

Page 42: ...oller RING MODULATOR When you position your hand over the D Beam controller the ring modulator will be applied p 43 As you bring your hand closer to the D Beam controller the ring modulator depth will change TONE WHEEL BRAKE Moving your hand near the D Beam controller will turn on the wheel brake When you take your hand away from the D Beam controller the wheel brake will be turned off p 43 SPRING...

Page 43: ...ircuit is constructed as analog circuitry the circuit is shaped like a ring circle Stopping the rotation of the tone wheels Wheel Brake It is possible to stop the rotation of the tone wheels of the organ This produces an unexpected result whereby the pitch of the organ voice gradually falls until the sound ceases entirely The technique of stopping the tone wheel rotation was occasionally used by p...

Page 44: ... you release your hand from the D BEAM ON button While the settings are being saved all of the panel indicators will light Manually Adjusting the Sensitivity of the D Beam Controller 1 Holding down the D BEAM ON button to make VIBRATE AND CHORUS knob s indicators blink turn the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob to adjust the sensitivity of the D Beam controller The D Beam indicators will show the D Beam sen...

Page 45: ...the reverb types The reverb type will be switched each time you press the REVERB button Type Explanation ROOM Simulates the reverberation of a room HALL Simulates the reverberation of a large concert hall CHURCH Simulates the reverberation of a church SPRING Simulates the reverberation of a spring reverb unit p 43 1 2 When the Spring Shock function is selected with the D BEAM controller control pe...

Page 46: ...s the PEDAL TO LOWER button once again extinguishing the indicator Changing the Split Point You can change the location Split Point at which the Lower keyboard will be divided 1 Hold down the BANK buttons and press the PEDAL TO LOWER button The indicators of the PEDAL TO LOWER button will blink 2 Press the key that you want to specify as the split point The split point will be set 3 Save the setti...

Page 47: ... Pedal Part is increased When the PEDAL SUSTAIN button is on and you play the organ Pedal Part sustain is applied to the last note played This prevents the sound from becoming unclear even when sustain is applied to the Pedal Part You can set the length of the sustain after you release the keys when the PEDAL SUSTAIN button is on p 83 NOTE Sustain is not applied to the Pedal Tone when you set the ...

Page 48: ...Y CLICK knob AMPLIFIER button OVERDRIVE knob TONE knob REVERB button REVERB LEVEL knob PERCUSSION SECOND button PERCUSSION THIRD button PERCUSSION SOFT button PERCUSSION SLOW button VIBRATO AND CHORUS UPPER button VIBRATO AND CHORUS LOWER button VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob D BEAM ON button D BEAM button UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES buttons UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES TO LOWER button LOWER PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES ...

Page 49: ...press one of the buttons from 1 through 8 to select the bank of the copy source registration 2 Press one of the buttons from 1 through 8 to select the number of the copy source registration The indicator of the number button you selected will light Selecting the Copy destination Registration 3 Hold down the WRITE button and BANK button and press one of the buttons from 1 through 8 to specify the b...

Page 50: ...is not lit the LOWER PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES buttons are used for selecting the Lower Orchestral Tones when the ORCHESTRAL TONES PEDAL button is flashing these buttons are used for selecting the Pedal Orchestral Tones PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES LOWER ORCHESTRAL TONES UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES PIANO STRINGS E PIANO 1 Electric Piano 1 LARGE CHOIR E PIANO 2 Electric Piano 2 GOSPEL CHOIR CLAVI SYNTH PAD Synth...

Page 51: ... the Upper Orchestral Tones can be played on the lower manual and the Lower Orchestral Tones can be played on the upper manual You can adjust the volume of the Orchestral Tones with the Orchestral Tones harmonic bars Adjust the volume of the Upper Orchestral Tones with the UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES harmonic bars When the ORCHESTRAL TONES PEDAL button is not lit you can use the LOWER PEDAL ORCHESTRAL ...

Page 52: ...ed for selecting the Pedal Orchestral Tones 3 Sliding the ORCHESTRAL TONES harmonic bars in and out to adjust the volume of the ORCHESTRAL TONES Adjusting the UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES harmonic bars changes the volume level of the Orchestral Tones played on the upper manual while adjusting the LOWER PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES harmonic bars changes the volume level of the Orchestral Tones played on the lo...

Page 53: ...dal Orchestral Tones Pedal Sustain You can add sustain to the Pedal Orchestral Tones 1 Press the PEDAL SUSTAIN button to make its indicator light Sustain is added to the Pedal Orchestral Tones The pedal sustain does not affect the Orchestral Voices E PIANO 1 E PIANO 2 CLAVI or HARPSICHORD You can set the length of the sustain after you release the keys when the PEDAL SUSTAIN button is on p 83 NOTE...

Page 54: ...rchestral Tones 2 Sliding the ORCHESTRAL TONES harmonic bars in and out to adjust the volume of the ORCHESTRAL TONES Adjusting the LOWER PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES harmonic bars changes the volume level of the Orchestral Tones played on the lower manual When the ORCHESTRAL TONES PEDAL button is flashing you can adjust the volume of the Pedal Orchestral Tones by moving the LOWER PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES ...

Page 55: ...ou can change the location Split Point at which the Lower keyboard will be divided 1 Hold down the BANK buttons and press the PEDAL TO LOWER button The indicators of the PEDAL TO LOWER button will blink 2 Press the key that you want to specify as the split point The split point will be set 3 Save the setting of split point to a registration p 49 Lower Orchestral Tones Pedal Orchestral Tones Split ...

Page 56: ...The VK 88 has two types of Active Expression settings Applying the Active Expression Function to the UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES When you step on the expression pedal lightly the organ voice will sound Depress the pedal some more and the UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES will be added 1 Hold down the BANK button and press the PERCUSSION SOFT button Applying the Active Expression Function to the LOWER ORCHESTRAL T...

Page 57: ... CONTROL PEDAL 1 jack and CONTROL PEDAL 2 jack and assign a function to the pedal fig 01 39 DP 2 EV 7 NOTE For some type of pedal switch the action you obtain when the pedal is pressed will be the opposite of what you intend In this case change the polarity of the pedal p 80 VK 88_e book 57 ページ２００４年４月２０日火曜日午前９時０分 ...

Page 58: ...SLOW FAST The rotary speaker effect can be switched between slow and fast This will have the same effect as the SLOW FAST button 2 ROTARY SPEED The speed of the rotary speaker effect can be freely controlled between slow and fast This is especially effective when assigned to the expression pedal 3 ROTARY BRAKE This button temporarily halts the rotation of the rotary sound 4 ORCHESTRAL TONES GLIDE ...

Page 59: ...monic bars will gradually become louder When the expression pedal is fully depressed the harmonic bar volumes will be at maximum and the rotary will switch to FAST As you return the expression pedal toward yourself the volume will decrease 3 RING MODULATOR When you depress the control pedal the ring modulator p 43 will be applied The depth to which you depress the control pedal will control the de...

Page 60: ...rear panel HOLD PEDAL jack the organ voice or Orchestral Tone that you play while pressing the pedal will be sustained This is the same function as the damper pedal of a piano fig 01 40 When changing the function assigned to the foot switch refer to PK FOOT L ASSIGN and PK FOOT R ASSIGN p 68 Foot Switch Pedalboard PK 25 PK 7 etc L R DP 2 NOTE For some type of pedal switch the action you obtain whe...

Page 61: ...ing effect to the Orchestral Tones You can change the maximum range for the pitch bend effect For more details refer to ORGAN BEND RANGE p 80 and ORCHESTRAL TONES BEND RANGE p 82 You can set application of the BENDER to the Upper Orchestral Tones Lower Orchestral Tones and Pedal Orchestral Tones separately p 72 You can change the function the BENDER performs when the ORGAN CONTROL button is on p 7...

Page 62: ...s changed Tone Function Organ Voice You can switch the rotary speed of rotary effect Tilting the lever either to the left or right changes the rotary effect s rotation speed ORCHESTRAL TONES The Bender is disabled Tone Function Organ Voice You can use the function assigned to the MODULATION lever ORCHESTRAL TONES The MODULATION lever is disabled The effect may be difficult to perceive with certain...

Page 63: ...de For details refer to the explanation for each edit mode 1 BANK button and press the button The indicators of the 1 8 buttons will blink The button will be a different button depending on the edit mode that you want to set For details follow the procedure for each edit mode 2 Press one of the buttons from 1 through 8 to select the parameter that you want to edit If there are more than eight para...

Page 64: ...D Beam indicators are dark and ON when they are all lit This will be ON when the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob is turned to the right and OFF when turned to the left When you press the VIBRATO AND CHORUS UPPER button this will return to the default setting When the setting is 5 0 5 6 0 5 100 0 100 3 0 3 or 2 0 2 The lit location of the D Beam Type indicator shows the approximate value When the value is ...

Page 65: ...he appropriate button from 1 through 8 from 1 through 7 to select the parameter and turn the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob to adjust the setting When you want to stop editing press the H BAR MANUAL button 5 Press the WRITE button to finalize the settings of the rotary related parameters Parameter settings will be saved The indicators for the 1 8 buttons light up while the settings are being saved NOTE N...

Page 66: ...ange speaker woofer Specifies the left right spread of the rotary speaker Increasing this value will increase the sense of stereo ROTARY TWEETER SPREAD 0 10 Specify the spaciousness of the high range speaker tweeter Specifies the left right spread of the rotary speaker Increasing this value will increase the sense of stereo ROTARY WOOFER SPEED SLOW 0 127 Specifies the rotational speed for the Slow...

Page 67: ...ll increase the volume of percussion PERCUSSION SLOW TIME 0 127 Sets the speed at which the percussion sound will decay when percussion is set to Slow the SLOW button s indicator is lit Increasing this value causes the percussion to decay more slowly PERCUSSION FAST TIME 0 127 Sets the speed at which the percussion sound will decay when percussion is set to Fast the SLOW button s indicator is dark...

Page 68: ... button The indicators of buttons 1 8 will blink 2 Press one of the buttons 1 8 to select the function you want to assign to the pedalboard s foot switch When you want to stop editing press the H BAR MANUAL button Button Explanation 1 The vibrato or chorus effect is applied to both the Lower and Pedal Parts 2 The vibrato or chorus effect is applied only to the Lower Part On tone wheel organs turni...

Page 69: ...ING is selected as the reverb type p 45 NOTE When the SPRING SHOCK function is assigned to the aftertouch please be aware that raising the reverb level excessively will produce a high volume impact sound NOTE The aftertouch has no effect when the D BEAM ON button is off while D BEAM SYNC is assigned to aftertouch Button Parameter 1 OFF Nothing is assigned 2 ROTARY SLOW FAST The rotary speaker effe...

Page 70: ...are assigned to each button BANK button s indicator extinguished Button Explanation 1 OFF The bender does not affect anything even when operated 2 ROTARY SLOW FAST The rotary speaker effect can be switched between slow and fast This will have the same effect as the SLOW FAST button Button Parameter 1 OFF Nothing is assigned 2 ROTARY SLOW FAST The rotary speaker effect can be switched between slow ...

Page 71: ...gh 8 to select the parameter that you want to edit There are 16 ORCHESTRAL TONES Controller related parameters You can select all of these parameters by controlling the lighted extinguished state of the BANK button s indicator The following parameters are assigned to each button BANK button s indicator extinguished BANK button s indicator lighted Button Parameter 1 D BEAM SYNC The same function th...

Page 72: ...PPER ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY ORIGINAL MODIFIED This setting determines whether the value of the velocity applied to the Upper Orchestral tone will be the actual value produced while playing or will be a modified value that results from the values for ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY SENSE and ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY SENSE OFFSET Turn the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob toward the left to select ORIGINAL or t...

Page 73: ...it and are playing the Pedal Orchestral Tone on the lower manual this setting determines whether the value of the velocity applied to the Pedal Orchestral Tone will be the actual value produced while playing the keyboard or will be a modified value that results from the values for ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY SENS and ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY SENS OFFSET Turn the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob toward the l...

Page 74: ...ld down the BANK button and press the TONE WHEEL button The indicators of buttons 1 8 1 6 will blink 2 Press one of the 1 8 1 6 buttons to select the parameter that you want to edit There are 14 MIDI related parameters You can select all of these parameters by controlling the lighted extinguished state of the BANK button s indicator The following parameters are assigned to each button BANK button ...

Page 75: ...onnector will be disconnected from the sound generator if Local Control is turned off Adding MIDI THRU functionality to the MIDI OUT connector MIDI THRU ON OFF This is a function by which the data received at the MIDI IN connector is re transmitted from the MIDI OUT connector Data received at the VK 88 s MIDI PEDAL IN connector will be merged and transmitted from the MIDI OUT connector The MIDI Th...

Page 76: ... p 101 1 Hold down the BANK button and press the TONE WHEEL button The indicators of 1 8 buttons 1 6 buttons will blink 2 Use the 1 8 buttons 1 6 buttons to select the part whose MIDI channel you want to change There are 14 MIDI related parameters You can select all of these parameters by controlling the lighted extinguished state of the BANK buttons There are nine parameters that change the MIDI ...

Page 77: ...smitted and received for Lower Orchestral Tones PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES MIDI CH Pedal Orchestral Tones MIDI Channel 1 16 Initial setting 6 ch Specifies the MIDI channel on which data will be transmitted and received for Pedal Orchestral Tones DRUM MIDI CH Drum MIDI Channel 1 16 Initial setting 10 ch Specifies the MIDI channel on which drum notes will be received SPRING SHOCK MIDI CH Spring Shock MI...

Page 78: ...e the settings are being saved NOTE Never turn off the power while parameters are being saved EQ BASS 5 0 5 Adjusts the tone quality of the organ voice s lower range Turning the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob toward the right will emphasize the lower range of frequencies while turning it toward the left will reduce the volume of the lower range EQ MIDDLE 5 0 5 Adjusts the tone quality of the organ voice ...

Page 79: ...ks will function as monitor jacks for the audio output of the ROTARY TONE CABINET connector When a rotary speaker is connected the ROTARY SOUND ON button is disabled The registration will not change RING OD EQ The audio signal that is output to the ROTARY TONE CABINET connector will have effects applied to it in the following order 1 Ring Modulator 2 Overdrive 3 Equalizer The organ voice signal th...

Page 80: ...O AND CHORUS knob toward the left to select NORMAL or toward the right to select MULTI AUTO COLOR MODE OFF 1 10 You can set the instrument so the color of the D BEAM button begins changing automatically after a predetermined period elapses throughout which no buttons or knobs have been operated even though the D BEAM button has been on Settings Values OFF 1 20 seconds 2 10 1 minute 9 minutes ORGAN...

Page 81: ... 8 from 1 through 7 to select the parameter and turn the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob to adjust the setting When you want to stop editing press the H BAR MANUAL button 5 Press the WRITE button to finalize the settings of the effect related parameters 6 Save the finalized parameter settings in a registration p 48 NOTE Never turn off the power while registration are being saved Button Parameter Page 1 RE...

Page 82: ...rn this on or to the left to turn it off At the factory settings this is turned on UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES OCTAVE SHIFT 2 0 2 Transpose the Upper Orchestral Tones in steps of an octave LOWER ORCHESTRAL TONES OCTAVE SHIFT 2 0 2 Transpose the Lower Orchestral Tones in steps of an octave PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES OCTAVE SHIFT 2 0 2 Transpose the Pedal Orchestral Tones in steps of an octave ORCHESTRAL TON...

Page 83: ...g saved Pedal Attack Setting 1 Hold down the BANK button and press the PEDAL ATTACK button The indicators of buttons 1 2 will blink 2 Press one of the buttons from 1 through 2 to select the parameter that you want to edit There are two parameters related to Pedal Attack The following parameters are assigned to each button 3 Turn the VIBRATO AND CHORUS knob to adjust the setting If you press the VI...

Page 84: ...r of the VK 88 5 Select the MIDI channel of external keyboard and VK 88 The VK 88 s sounds are played when you play the external keyboard For information on setting the MIDI channel of an external keyboard refer to the owner s manual that came with the keyboard MIDI IN connector Plays the sound for the Part specified with the MIDI Transmit channel MIDI PEDAL IN connector Plays the sound of the Ped...

Page 85: ...wer of the pedal keyboard unit on off Connecting a MIDI Pedal Keyboard Unit fig 03 03 1 Turn off the power of the VK 88 and the pedal keyboard that you want to connect 2 Set the PEDAL KEYBOARD IN SELECT switch of the rear panel to the MIDI PEDAL IN position 3 Use a commercially available MIDI cable to connect the VK 88 s MIDI PEDAL IN connector to the MIDI OUT connector of your MIDI pedal keyboard...

Page 86: ... connector Connect the VK 88 s MIDI IN connector to the sequencer s MIDI OUT connector 3 Turn on the power of the external sequencer and the VK 88 4 Turn off the Thru function of your sequencer This allows you to listen to the sound while you record Turn off Thru function so every note doesn t get sounded twice once as the result of the performance data that directly conveys keyboard information t...

Page 87: ...6 Start recording on your sequencer 7 Press the VIBRATO AND CHORUS UPPER button to begin saving the settings While the settings are being saved the D BEAM type indicators will light in succession starting from the bottom When the save has been completed all indicators of the D Beam Type will blink 8 Press the H BAR MANUAL button 9 Stop recording on your sequencer Loading Back Data That s Been Save...

Page 88: ...ettings This saves the settings The indicators for the 1 8 buttons light up while the settings are being saved NOTE Never turn off the power while parameters are being saved Setting a Different MIDI Channel for Each Keyboard You can assign a separate MIDI channel for each keyboard At the factory settings Channel 1 is assigned to the upper manual Channel 3 is assigned to the lower manual and Channe...

Page 89: ... MIDI message transmission settings are saved to the registrations If you turn off the power without saving the edited settings to a registration your changes will be lost Using the VK 88 to Select Tones on an External Sound Module You can select tones on an external sound module from the VK 88 This procedure sets the Bank Select MSB LSB and Program Change messages for each keyboard 1 Make the mas...

Page 90: ... and Program Change settings are saved to the registrations If you turn off the power without saving the edited settings to a registration your changes will be lost NOTE Data of program change and bank select will not be transmitted when the MIDI PROGRAM CHANGE SWITCH is off p 76 Mixing the Sound Module Sound with the Organ Sound You can play the external sound module s sounds by connecting the ke...

Page 91: ...ated voltage of 5 30 volts DC and a maximum rated current load of 50 mA Pin no 11 detects the connection If the nominal input voltage is outside the acceptable range 18 30 V DC the connection will not operate correctly The volume of the external speaker can be adjusted by the VK 88 s MASTER VOLUME knob ROTARY SLOW FAST button will switch the rotational speed of the connected rotary speaker ROTARY ...

Page 92: ... The wheel brake is activated Release the wheel brake using the foot switch D Beam aftertouch or modulation lever p 42 p 58 p 69 p 70 ORCHESTRAL TONES cannot be heard Volume is too low Volume of the Orchestral Tones is too low Pull the ORCHESTRAL TONES harmonic bars out to increase the volume of the Orchestral Tones p 52 The control pedal has been rocked toward the front If ORCHESTRAL TONES EXPRES...

Page 93: ...ob clockwise to adjust the reverb level p 45 Rotary effect is not applied The ROTARY SOUND ON button is turned off dark Press the ROTARY SOUND ON button to turn it on lit p 40 The BRAKE button is on lit Either turn the BRAKE button off dark or press the SLOW FAST button so that the brake will be released and rotary will be applied p 40 Can t set the MIDI channel This is already specified as the MI...

Page 94: ...witch or expression pedal it may have the opposite operation when depressed Switch the polarity of the control pedal p 80 D Beam sensitivity is incorrect Something covered the D BEAM while the sensitivity was being adjusted When adjusting the sensitivity do not place any object on the D BEAM or cover it with your hand p 44 D Beam sensitivity is incorrect Readjust the sensitivity of the D Beam p 44...

Page 95: ...ory has been returned to the condition it was in originally when the unit left the factory In most cases this occurs when the power was turned off while data was being written into memory During normal operation All indicators light for several seconds Cause 1 A MIDI cable was disconnected or broken Action Make sure that the MIDI cable is connected correctly Cause 2 A large amount of MIDI data was...

Page 96: ... 88 8000 000 83 8000 000 82 THIRD SOFT FAST C 3 SLOW 3 2 88 8800 000 83 8000 000 82 THIRD SOFT FAST C 1 SLOW 3 3 80 0000 888 83 8000 000 82 OFF C 3 FAST 3 4 88 8000 068 84 8000 000 82 THIRD SOFT FAST OFF SLOW 3 5 88 0834 228 00 0000 000 00 OFF OFF SLOW 3 6 88 8000 000 83 8000 000 82 THIRD SOFT FAST C 1 SLOW 3 7 81 8151 608 00 6400 000 82 OFF C 2 SLOW 3 8 84 8500 008 00 8600 000 82 OFF OFF SLOW 4 1...

Page 97: ...5 88 0834 228 00 0000 000 00 OFF OFF SLOW 7 6 88 8000 000 83 8000 000 82 THIRD SOFT FAST C 1 SLOW 7 7 81 8151 608 00 6400 000 82 OFF C 2 SLOW 7 8 84 8500 008 00 8600 000 82 OFF OFF SLOW 8 1 80 7050 404 00 8500 000 54 OFF V 2 FAST 8 2 80 3700 000 00 8500 000 54 OFF V 3 BRAKE 8 3 00 3800 460 00 6600 000 84 OFF OFF OFF 8 4 00 4544 222 00 6600 000 84 OFF OFF BRAKE 8 5 00 6876 540 00 6600 000 84 OFF OF...

Page 98: ...H MIDI GENERL CONTROLLERS SWITCH MIDI PROGRAM CHANGE SWITCH Equalizer and other settings EQ BASS EQ MIDDLE EQ TREBLE TONE CABINET FX REVERB STRUCTURE FOLD BACK MASTER TUNE KEY TRANSPOSE CONTROL PEDAL 1 POLARITY CONTROL PEDAL 2 POLARITY HOLD PEDAL POLARITY HOLD PEDAL ASSIGN LIGHT MODE AUTO COLOR MODE ORGAN BEND RANGE AFTERTOUCH SENSE D BEAM SENSITIVITY CONTROL PEDAL ASSIGN 1 CONTROL PEDAL ASSIGN 2 ...

Page 99: ...monic Bar settings The sounds of the UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES and LOWER ORCHESTRAL TONES of the Harmonic Bar settings ROTARY SOUND ON button ROTARY BRAKE button ROTARY SLOW FAST button PEDAL TO LOWER button PEDAL SUSTAIN button PEDAL ATTACK button TONE WHEEL button LEAKAGE knob KEY CLICK knob AMPLIFIER button OVERDRIVE knob TONE knob REVERB button REVERB LEVEL knob PERCUSSION SECOND button PERCUSSIO...

Page 100: ...sh EXC7 Scratch Pull EXC7 Sticks Square Click Metronome Click Metronome Bell Acoustic Bass Drum Bass Drum 1 Side Stick Acoustic Snare Hand Clap Electric Snare Low Floor Tom Closed Hi hat EXC1 High Floor Tom Pedal Hi hat EXC1 Low Tom Open Hi hat EXC1 Low Mid Tom High Mid Tom Crash Cymbal 1 High Tom Ride Cymbal 1 Chinese Cymbal Ride Bell Tambourine Splash Cymbal Cowbell Crash Cymbal 2 Vibra slap Rid...

Page 101: ...nctions the same as an expression pedal connected to the VK 88 s EXPRESSION PEDAL jack General Purpose Controller 1 Controller number 16 Orchestral Tones glide Status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 10H vvH n MIDI channel number 0H FH ch 1 ch 16 vv control value 00H 7FH 0 127 0 63 OFF 64 127 ON Received only for the Orchestral Tones Part Not received when MIDI GENERAL CONTROLLERS SWITCH p 76 is OFF General ...

Page 102: ...stral Tones channel 6 Channel Pressure Status 2nd byte DnH vvH n MIDI channel number 0H FH ch 1 ch 16 vv Channel Pressure 00H 7FH 0 127 Received only for the Orchestral Tones Part Pitch Bend Change Status 2nd byte 3rd byte EnH llH mmH n MIDI channel number 0H FH ch 1 ch 16 mm ll Pitch Bend value 00 00H 40 00H 7F 7FH 8192 0 8191 Received only for the Orchestral Tones Part Channel Mode messages All ...

Page 103: ...the entire organ part are transmitted on the channel specified by CONTROL MIDI CH p 77 Messages related to individual Organ parts are transmitted on the channels specified by UPPER LOWER PEDAL ORGAN MIDI CH p 77 Messages related to the Orchestral Tones part are transmitted on the channel specified by ORCHESTRAL TONES MIDI CH p 77 Channel Voice Messages Note off Status 2nd byte 3rd byte 8nH kkH vvH...

Page 104: ...ansmitted by VK 88 When an appropriate Identity Request Message and Data Request 1 RQ1 message are received the requested internal data will be transmitted Identity Reply Status Data byte F0H 7EH dev 06H 02H 41H 65H 01H 00H 00H 00H 01H 00H 00H Status F7H Byte Explanation F0H Exclusive status 7EH ID number universal non realtime message dev Device ID use the same as the device ID of Roland 06H Sub ...

Page 105: ... Bend Range 0 12 OFF 1 12 00 11 0000 000a Light Mode 0 1 NORMAL MULTI 00 12 0000 aaaa Auto Color Mode 0 10 OFF 1 10 00 13 0000 000a Upper Orchestral Tones Bender SW 0 1 OFF ON 00 14 0000 000a Upper Orchestral Tones Modulation SW 0 1 OFF ON 00 15 0000 000a Upper Orchestral Tones Velocity SW 0 1 OFF ON 00 16 0000 000a Upper Orchestral Tones Glide SW 0 1 OFF ON 00 17 0000 000a Lower Orchestral Tones ...

Page 106: ...s To 0 1 UPPER LOWER 00 17 0000 000a Lower Orchestral Tones To 0 1 UPPER LOWER 00 18 0000 000a Organ Control 0 1 OFF ON 00 19 000a aaaa Pitch Bend Range 0 24 00 1A 0aaa aaaa Modulation Sense 0 127 00 1B 0aaa aaaa After Touch Sense 0 127 00 1C 0000 aaaa 0000 bbbb External Upper Bank Select MSB 0 128 0 127 OFF 00 1E 0000 aaaa 0000 bbbb External Upper Bank Select LSB 0 128 0 127 OFF 00 20 0000 aaaa 0...

Page 107: ...64 x 128 Hexadecimal notation in two 4 bit units is used for data indicated as nibbled The nibbled two byte value of 0a 0b H would be a x 16 b Example1 What is the decimal equivalent of 5AH From the above table 5AH 90 Example2 What is the decimal equivalent of the 7 bit hexadecimal values 12 34H From the above table 12H 18 and 34H 52 Thus 18 x 128 52 2356 Examples of Actual MIDI Messages Example1 ...

Page 108: ...S 0 7 9 O O O X X X X X X X X X X O O X O O X O O X O O X Bank Select Modulation Data entry Volume Panpot Expression General purpose controller 1 General purpose controller 2 Hold 1 Sound controller General purpose controller 5 General purpose controller 6 RPN LSB MSB 1 The messages will be received as messages for Pedal part regardless of their channel number 2 Only ORCHESTRAL TONES part 3 Receiv...

Page 109: ...UPPER HARMONIC BAR 16 5 1 3 8 4 2 2 3 2 1 3 5 1 1 3 1 LOWER HARMONIC BAR 16 5 1 3 8 4 2 2 3 2 1 3 5 1 1 3 1 PEDAL HARMONIC BAR 16 8 ORCHESTRAL HARMONIC BAR UPPER LOWER PEDAL TONE WHEEL LEAKAGE knob TONE WHEEL button KEY CLICK knob VIBRATO AND CHORUS VIBRATO AND CHORUS UPPER button VIBRATO AND CHORUS LOWER button VIBRATO AND CHORUS rotary knob D BEAM D BEAM Controller D BEAM ON button D BEAM button...

Page 110: ...de Panel Natural Wood Walnut Finish Dimensions VK 88 1184 W x 590 D x 199 H mm 46 5 8 W x 23 1 4 D x 7 7 8 H inches VK 88 include Music Rest 1184 W x 590 D x 383 H mm 46 5 8 W x 23 1 4 D x 15 1 8 H inches VK 88 KS 88 1184 W x 590 D x 946 H mm 46 5 8 W x 23 1 4 D x 37 1 4 H inches VK 88 include Music Rest KS 88 1184 W x 590 D x 1130 H mm 46 5 8 W x 23 1 4 D x 44 1 2 H inches Weight VK 88 39 kg 86 l...

Page 111: ...ECT MSB 89 EXTERNAL LOWER CHANNEL 88 EXTERNAL LOWER PROGRAM CHANGE 89 EXTERNAL PEDAL BANK SELECT LSB 89 EXTERNAL PEDAL BANK SELECT MSB 89 EXTERNAL PEDAL CHANNEL 88 EXTERNAL PEDAL PROGRAM CHANGE 89 EXTERNAL UPPER BANK SELECT LSB 89 EXTERNAL UPPER BANK SELECT MSB 89 EXTERNAL UPPER CHANNEL 88 EXTERNAL UPPER PROGRAM CHANGE 89 F Factory Reset 27 Feet 17 32 33 FOLD BACK 17 33 79 Foot Switch 60 H Harmoni...

Page 112: ...HESTRAL TONES MONO MODE 83 PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES OCTAVE SHIFT 82 PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY 74 PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY TO LOWER 73 PEDAL ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY MODE 74 Pedal Organ MIDI Channel 77 Pedal Part 46 Pedal Sustain 47 53 PEDAL SUSTAIN TIME 83 PEDAL TO LOWER 46 54 Percussion 16 36 PERCUSSION FAST TIME 67 PERCUSSION H BAR LEVEL 68 PERCUSSION NORMAL LEVEL 67 PERCUSSION RECHA...

Page 113: ...heel Brake 42 Transpose 79 TRS Type Jack 21 U UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES BENDER 72 UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES EXPRESSION 82 UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES GLIDE 72 Upper Orchestral Tones MIDI Channel 77 UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES MODULATION 72 UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES OCTAVE SHIFT 82 UPPER ORCHESTRAL TONES VELOCITY 72 Upper Organ MIDI Channel 77 V Vibrato 39 Vibrato and Chorus 17 39 VIBRATO AND CHORUS LOWER 68 Virtual ...

Page 114: ...S Nordhavnsvej 7 Postbox 880 DK 2100 Copenhagen DENMARK TEL 3916 6200 FRANCE Roland France SA 4 Rue Paul Henri SPAAK Parc de l Esplanade F 77 462 St Thibault Lagny Cedex FRANCE TEL 01 600 73 500 FINLAND Roland Scandinavia As Filial Finland Elannontie 5 FIN 01510 Vantaa FINLAND TEL 0 9 68 24 020 GERMANY Roland Elektronische Musikinstrumente HmbH Oststrasse 96 22844 Norderstedt GERMANY TEL 040 52 60...

Page 115: ...0 Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs convenience receptacles and the point where they exit from the apparatus 11 Only use attachments accessories specified by the manufacturer 12 Never use with a cart stand tripod bracket or table except as specified by the manufacturer or sold with the apparatus When a cart is used use caution when moving the cart apparat...

Page 116: ...l assured that you have gained a good grasp of every feature provided by your new unit owner s manual should be read in its entirety The manual should be saved and kept on hand as a convenient reference Conventions Used in This Manual Button names are enclosed in square brackets e g REVERB button Fractional harmonic bars p 31 are expressed like this 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 8 means that you should press one ...

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