Table 7
1103 Naturally Aspirated Engines and Turbocharged
Engines with an oil cooler
Compartment or System
Liters
Quarts
Engine Only
4.43
4.02
External cooling system capacity (OEM
recommendation)
Total Cooling System
(1)
The external cooling system includes a radiator or an expan-
sion tank with the following components: heat exchanger, after-
cooler, and piping. Refer to the OEM specifications. Enter the
value for the external system capacity in this row.
(2)
The Total Cooling System includes the capacity for the engine
cooling system plus the capacity for the external cooling sys-
tem. Enter the total in this row.
i07755383
Fluid
Recommendations
General
Coolant
Information
NOTICE
Never add coolant to an overheated engine. Engine
damage could result. Allow the engine to cool first.
NOTICE
If the engine is to be stored in, or shipped to an area
with below freezing temperatures, the cooling system
must be either protected to the lowest outside tem-
perature or drained completely to prevent damage.
NOTICE
Frequently check the specific gravity of the coolant
for proper freeze protection or for anti-boil protection.
Clean the cooling system for the following reasons:
• Contamination of the cooling system
• Overheating of the engine
• Foaming of the coolant
NOTICE
Never operate an engine without water temperature
regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature
regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the
proper operating temperature. Cooling system prob-
lems
can
develop
without
water
temperature
regulators.
Many engine failures are related to the cooling
system. The following problems are related to cooling
system failures: Overheating, leakage of the water
pump and plugged radiators or heat exchangers.
These failures can be avoided with correct cooling
system maintenance. Cooling system maintenance is
as important as maintenance of the fuel system and
the lubrication system. Quality of the coolant is as
important as the quality of the fuel and the lubricating
oil.
Coolant is normally composed of three elements:
Water, additives, and glycol.
Water
NOTICE
Never use water alone as coolant. Water alone is cor-
rosive and does not provide any protection against
boiling or freezing.
Water is used in the cooling system to transfer heat.
Distilled water or deionized water is
recommended for use in engine cooling systems.
DO NOT use the following types of water in cooling
systems: Hard water, softened water that has been
conditioned with salt and sea water.
If distilled water or deionized water is not available,
use water with the properties that are listed in Table 8
.
Table 8
Acceptable Water
Property
Maximum Limit
Chloride (Cl)
40 mg/L
Sulfate (SO
4
)
100 mg/L
Total Hardness
170 mg/L
Total Solids
340 mg/L
Acidity
pH of 5.5 to 9.0
For a water analysis, consult one of the following
sources:
• Local water utility company
• Agricultural agent
• Independent laboratory
Additives
Additives help to protect the metal surfaces of the
cooling system. A lack of coolant additives or
insufficient amounts of additives enable the following
conditions to occur:
36
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