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I
NSTRUCTION
M
ANUAL
3601 E. 34th St. Tucson, AZ 85713 USA Tel. +1
-
520
-
882
-
6598 Fax +1
-
520
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882
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6599 email: [email protected] Web: https://www.metallographic.com
Please read this instruction manual carefully and follow all installation, operating and safety guidelines.
PENTA 5000 Hand Grinder
4.4 Metallographic Specimen Preparation Basics
A typical metallographic specimen preparation consists of the following basic steps:
Preparation Stage
Purpose
Initial documentation:
•
To document the initial condition of the sample
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To map the sample surface
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To highlight the area of interest
Sectioning / cutting:
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To reduce the size of large samples
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To sample the specimens close to the area of interest.
Rough or planar grinding:
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To obtain a planar surface
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To remove sectioning damage
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To approach the area of interest
Rough polishing:
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Ideally to remove all the subsurface damage and microstructural
damage produced during cutting and rough grinding (Superficial
scratches may still be present after this step).
Final polishing:
•
Generally, more for cosmetic purposes than for removing
microstructural damage. In most cases, this stage should be
minimized to avoid overpolishing and distorting the
microstructural features.
Etching:
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To enhance microstructural features such as grain boundaries,
grain size, phase differences, etc.
Examination:
•
A variety of examination techniques are used in metallography,
including: optical microscopy, electron microscopy and hardness
testing.
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