MC34067, MC33067
http://onsemi.com
8
OPERATING DESCRIPTION
Introduction
As power supply designers have strived to increase power
conversion efficiency and reduce passive component size,
high frequency resonant mode power converters have
emerged as attractive alternatives to conventional
pulse
−
width modulated control. When compared to
pulse
−
width modulated converters, resonant mode control
offers several benefits including lower switching losses,
higher efficiency, lower EMI emission, and smaller size.
A new integrated circuit has been developed to support this
trend in power supply design. The MC34067 Resonant
Mode Controller is a high performance bipolar IC dedicated
to variable frequency power control at frequencies
exceeding 1.0 MHz. This integrated circuit provides the
features and performance specifically for zero voltage
switching resonant mode power supply applications.
The primary purpose of the control chip is to provide a
fixed off
−
time to the gates of external power MOSFETs at
a repetition rate regulated by a feedback control loop.
Additional features of the IC ensure that system startup and
fault conditions are administered in a safe, controlled manner.
A simplified block diagram of the IC is shown on the front
page, which identifies the main functional blocks and the
block
−
to
−
block interconnects. Figure 14 is a detailed
functional diagram which accurately represents the internal
circuitry. The various functions can be divided into two
sections. The first section includes the primary control path
which produces precise output pulses at the desired
frequency. Included in this section are a variable frequency
Oscillator, a One
−
Shot, a pulse Steering Flip
−
Flop, a pair of
power MOSFET Drivers, and a wide bandwidth Error
Amplifier. The second section provides several peripheral
support functions including a voltage reference,
undervoltage lockout, soft
−
start circuit, and a fault detector.
Primary Control Path
The output pulse width and repetition rate are regulated
through the interaction of the variable frequency Oscillator,
One
−
Shot timer and Error Amplifier. The Oscillator triggers
the One
−
Shot which generates a pulse that is alternately
steered to a pair of totem pole output drivers by a toggle
Flip
−
Flop. The Error Amplifier monitors the output of the
regulator and modulates the frequency of the Oscillator.
High speed Schottky logic is used throughout the primary
control channel to minimize delays and enhance high
frequency characteristics.
Oscillator
The characteristics of the variable frequency Oscillator
are crucial for precise controller performance at high
operating frequencies. In addition to triggering the
One
−
Shot timer and initiating the output deadtime, the
oscillator also determines the initial voltage for the one
−
shot
capacitor. The Oscillator is designed to operate at
frequencies exceeding 1.0 MHz. The Error Amplifier can
control the oscillator frequency over a 1000:1 frequency
range, and both the minimum and maximum frequencies are
easily and accurately programmed by the proper selection of
external components.
The functional diagram of the Oscillator and One
−
Shot
timer is shown in Figure 16. The oscillator capacitor (C
OSC
)
is initially charged by transistor Q1. When C
OSC
exceeds the
4.9 V upper threshold of the oscillator comparator, the base
of Q1 is pulled low allowing C
OSC
to discharge through the
external resistor, (R
OSC
)
,
and the oscillator control current,
(I
OSC
). When the voltage on C
OSC
falls below the 3.6 V
lower threshold of the comparator, Q1 turns on and again
charges C
OSC
.
C
OSC
charges from 3.6 V to 5.1 V in less than 50 ns. The
high slew rate of C
OSC
and the propagation delay of the
comparator make it difficult to control the peak voltage. This
accuracy issue is overcome by clamping the base of Q1
through a diode to a voltage reference. The peak voltage of
the oscillator waveform is thereby precisely set at 5.1 V.
Figure 16. Oscillator and One
−
Shot Timer
Oscillator
Control Current
C
OSC
R
T
C
T
R
OSC
4.9 V/3.6 V
1
2
10
3
OSC Charge
OSC RC
One-Shot RC
D1
Q1
I
OSC
Oscillator
One-Shot
3.1 V
4.9V/3.6V
V
ref
Error Amp Output
6
Error Amp
Clamp
R
VFO
I
OSC
V
CC
V
CC
The frequency of the Oscillator is modulated by varying
the current flowing out of the Oscillator Control Current
(I
OSC
) pin. The I
OSC
pin is the output of a voltage regulator.
The input of the voltage regulator is tied to the variable
frequency oscillator. The discharge current of the Oscillator
increases by increasing the current out of the I
OSC
pin.
Resistor R
VFO
is used in conjunction with the Error Amp
output to change the I
OSC
current. Maximum frequency
occurs when the Error Amplifier output is at its low state
with a saturation voltage of 0.1 V at 1.0 mA.
The minimum oscillator frequency will result when the
I
OSC
current is zero, and C
OSC
is discharged through the
external resistor (R
OSC
). This occurs when the Error
Amplifier output is at its high state of 2.5 V. The minimum
and maximum oscillator frequencies are programmed by the
proper selection of resistor R
OSC
and R
VFO
.
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