Nokia RH-29 Series Manual Download Page 5

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Nokia Customer Care

6b - RF Troubleshooting

Company Confidential

RH-29

Issue 1 05/2004

2004 Nokia Corporation

Page 1

Company Confidential

RF Troubleshooting

Abbreviations in troubleshooting charts

AFC

Automatic Frequency Control

AGC

Automatic Gain Control

ADC

Analog Digital Converter

ASIC

Application Specific Integrated Circuit

Base band

Direct Current

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communication

High Band

Low Band

LNA

Low Noise Amplifier

Local Oscillator

LPF

Loop Filter

Power Amplifier

DCS

Digital Cellular System

PLL

Phase Locked Loop

PWB

Printed Wired Board

RH-29

Project Type Designator

Radio Frequency

Receiver

Spectrum analyzer

Transmitter

UEM

Universal Energy Management

Summary of Contents for RH-29 Series

Page 3: ... GSM900 TX troubleshooting 19 900 Tx troubleshooting flowchart 29 GSM1800 Transmitter 30 General instructions for GSM1800 TX troubleshooting 30 DCS1800 Tx troubleshooting flowchart 30 Path of the transmitted 1800 signal 30 The path of Mjoelner RF ASIC 31 The path of the PA 31 Antenna Switch 31 Troubleshooting chart for GSM1800 transmitter 33 RH 29 Synthesizer 35 General instructions for synthesize...

Page 5: ...ntrol ADC Analog Digital Converter ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit BB Base band DC Direct Current GSM Global System for Mobile Communication HB High Band LB Low Band LNA Low Noise Amplifier LO Local Oscillator LPF Loop Filter PA Power Amplifier DCS Digital Cellular System PLL Phase Locked Loop PWB Printed Wired Board RH 29 Project Type Designator RF Radio Frequency RX Receiver SA Spec...

Page 6: ...okia Customer Care Page 2 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential UHF Ultra High Frequency UPP Universal Phone Processor VCO Voltage controlled oscillator VCXO Voltage controlled Crystal Oscillator VHF Very High Frequency ...

Page 7: ...ing cable when realigning the phone Most RF semiconductors are static discharge sensitive ESD protection must be taken into account during repair ground straps and ESD soldering irons Mjoelner RF ASIC is moisture sensitive Therefore Mjoelner RF ASIC must be pre baked prior to soldering Rx calibration done via Phoenix software is temperature sensitive because of cali bration of 26 MHz reference osc...

Page 8: ...component placement Figure 1 RF key component placement Table 1 Key components Reference number Name Reference number Name N601 Mjoelner RF ASIC B601 26 MHz Xtal Z602 GSM1800 RX SAW Z604 900 RX SAW filter L801 Directional Coupler Z701 900 TX SAW filter V801 Detector Diode T701 GSM1800 TX Balun Z601 Antenna switch V802 900 TX buffer N801 Power Amplifier ...

Page 9: ...fidential RF measurement points RF supply points Figure 2 RF Supply points inside Mjoelner can RF power supplies are generated in the UEM and can be measured either in the Mjoelner can or in the baseband can Arrows mark the measurement points inside the pictures G701 3 7 GHz VCO T702 VCO Balun Reference number Name Reference number Name ...

Page 10: ...l Measurement points in the receiver Figure 3 Rx measurement points in antenna switch Figure 4 Rx measurement points at Rx SAW filters and Mjoelner RF ASIC DCS1800 antenna switch output GSM900 antenna switch output Antenna Switch input DCS1800 SAW Output Mjoelner Input GSM900 SAW Output Mjoelner Input Z602 DCS RX SAW Input Z604 GSM RX SAW Input ...

Page 11: ...4 Nokia Corporation Page 7 Company Confidential Measurement points in the transmitter Figure 5 Tx measurement points inside PA can V802 900 Pre Amp Z601 Antenna Switch N801 Triple Band PA C815 Vbat Supply capacitor C819 Vbat Supply capacitor L801 Coupler V801 Power Detector L809 Vbat Supply inductor ...

Page 12: ...RH 29 Company Confidential 6b RF Troubleshooting Nokia Customer Care Page 8 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential Figure 6 Tx measurement points for TXC TXP signals ...

Page 13: ...hooting Connect the phone to a PC with DAU 9S cable and dongle and follow the following instructions Measuring RX I Q signals using RSSI reading Start Phoenix Service Software Open the FBUS connection Select Scan Product Ctrl R Wait until phone information shows in the window at the bottom of the screen Set operating mode to local mode Phone information Product Information Software version ...

Page 14: ...ps up Select Band GSM900 or GSM1800 Active unit RX Operation mode Burst RX TX Channel 37 or 700 Select Testing Alt S RSSI reading G The setup should now look like this Apply a signal with a frequency of EGSM900 942 467 MHz channel 37 67 710kHz offset GSM1800 1842 867 MHz channel 700 67 710kHz offset and a power level of 80dBm to the RF connector remember to compensate for cable attenuation In RSSI...

Page 15: ... using SNR measurement Start Phoenix Service Software Open the FBUS connection Select Scan Product Ctrl R Wait until phone information is shown in the lower window at the bottom of the screen Set operating mode to local mode Select Testing Alt S RF Controls R Wait until the RF Controls window pops up Select Band GSM 900 Active unit RX Operation mode Burst RX TX Channel 37 Select Testing Alt S SNR ...

Page 16: ... Start A window pops up e g for GSM900 band Connect an external signal generator to the RF connector of the phone and set the gen erator as told in the window taking care for external cable losses Press ok and the window closes Read the SNR result SNR should be EGSM900 20dB GSM1800 18dB Measuring front end power levels using spectrum analyzer Spectrum Analyzer SA level values depend on the probe t...

Page 17: ...t Phoenix Service Software Open the FBUS connection Select Scan Product Ctrl R Wait until phone information shows in the lower right corner of the screen Set operating mode to local mode Select Testing Alt S RF Controls R Wait until the RF Controls window pops up Select Band GSM 900 or DSC1800 Active unit RX Operation mode Continuous RX TX Channel 37 or 700 Please refer to the troubleshooting char...

Page 18: ...visible Replace UEM Replace UPP Check SAW Output Mjoelner Input for band OK Check Mjoelner Voltage Supplies RFBUS lines All OK Refer to BB Fault Finding Replace Mjoelner Check Antenna Switch Test Point Signal OK Check PI Filter SAW Components OK Replace all 3 Components Replace SAW Filter Check Antenna Switch Cont lines Do they match the results in the table Replace Antenna Switch Check L701 L702 ...

Page 19: ...own menus Select Testing RF controls from the pull down menu Chose Transmit Band for testing Use the automatically selected channel Set Operation Mode to Burst Choose the Power level you want the phone to operate at Set spectrum analyzer center frequency 897 4MHz for EGSM900 and 1747 8MHz for DCS1800 and set Span to 1MHz Set Amplitude of spectrum analyzer reference level to one that you can clearl...

Page 20: ...of the Mjoelner RFASIC the signal is fed through the 900 TX SAW filter Balanced to single ended the 900 MHz buffer and a 5 dB pad to the PA input GSM900 TX path of the Power Amplifier PA The PA GSM900 part has a minimum stable output power of app 35 dBm Voltage supply is coming directly from the Battery connectors The GSM900 output is controlled by the power control loop From the GSM900 output of ...

Page 21: ...tial RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 17 Company Confidential shows the possible different states Vcont1 Volt Vcont2 Volt 900 Rx DCS Rx 900 Tx DCS Tx 0 0 X 0 0 X 0 2 7 X 2 7 0 X Phone information Product Information Software version ...

Page 23: ... RF Troubleshooting Company Confidential RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 19 Company Confidential Figure 7 TX Digital I Q Test Points Figure 8 TX Digital I Q Data J202 and J203 J202 TXID J203 TXQD ...

Page 24: ...F Troubleshooting Nokia Customer Care Page 20 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential Figure 9 Mjoelner Can Test Points TXIOUTP TXQOUTN TXQOUTP TXC TXP TXIOUTN Vcont1 Vcont2 TX Analog I Q Data C715 C716 ...

Page 25: ... Company Confidential RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 21 Company Confidential TXP TXC Lines during Transmission TXP TXC TXP TXC Mask TXP TXC Power Control Loop On Baseband Generated Reference for EGSM Power Level 19 ...

Page 26: ... Page 22 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential Figure 10 GSM900 TX Test Points DCS In Vbat Vbat GSM In DCS In VTXB_900 EGSM V802 Pre Amp Biasing Waveform Only Biases V802 for duration of TX Pulse VTXB_900 900 V802 Pre Amp Biasing Waveform ...

Page 27: ...6b RF Troubleshooting Company Confidential RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 23 Company Confidential Figure 11 900 Tx waveform burst pwr level 19 Figure 12 900 Tx waveform continuous pwr level 19 ...

Page 29: ...on J123 J214 Change Mjoelner Are TXP TXC visible Change UPP Change UEM NO TXC NO TXP Is VR2 2 8V on C731 Is VTXB _900 OK Is Signal at V802 Collector OK Check Replace R805 C820 C821 Check V802 associated components Is Signal at C834 OK Probe VPD_900Signal on R818 and set Power Level to 19 using Phoenix Is Pulse Pk Pk 2 8V Replace PA Is Signal at TX_GSM on L801 OK Change L801 Check Antenna Switch Co...

Page 30: ...up as shown previously selecting DCS1800 in the RF control box Relevant components have been visually inspected for orientation placement etc The Transmit Signal has been checked with a Spectrum Analyzer at the RF connector X602 and was found to be low or non existent The VCO is running correctly The Power Amplifier is getting a correct VBATRF supply via L809 Mjoelner s supply voltages VR1A VR2 VR...

Page 31: ...nd a 3 dB pad The path of the PA The GSM1800 part of the PA has a maximum output of approximately 33dBm The sup ply is coming directly from the Battery connectors The output is controlled by the power control loop From the output of the PA the signal goes through the directional coupler one of the power control loop components to the Antenna Switch 1 2 1 4 DET OUTHP OUTHM OUTLP OUTLM Opencollector...

Page 32: ...ween RX and TX Bands Moreover it partly suppresses the harmonics generated by the PA Mjoelner RF ASIC controls the antenna switch by two voltages Vcont1 and Vcont2 The following table shows the different states Figure 13 Antenna Switch Test Points Vcont1 Volt Vcont2 Volt EGSM RX DCS RX EGSM TX DCS TX 0 0 X 0 0 X 0 2 7 X 2 7 0 X Z602 input DCS1800 RX Z604 input EGSM900 Antenna Switch input Vcont1 V...

Page 33: ...ompensate by increasing the gain When checking the Power Control loop make sure that VBD is pulsing at 2 8V Peak to Peak Check the DET pulse at Mjoelner input on R706 START Is TX Signal at DCS PCS In on R819 OK Is signal on C823 OK Is VPD_1800 signal OK Replace PA Investigate Mjoelner Is signal at DCS PCS Input of Z601 OK Replace L801 Are Z601 Control lines as per table Check RF Connector X602 OK ...

Page 34: ... the same for EGSM900 DCS1800 Is RF Signal at V801 OK Is DET Pulse on C805 OK Replace L801 Is DET Pulse on C804 OK Replace V801 Replace R802 Eunsure that VBD is pulsing 2 8V Pk PK and investigate Mjoelner NO YES NO YES NO YES Are R706 R707 R708 OK Replace Faulty Components NO YES Test With Spectrum Analyzer Test With Oscilloscope Check Inspect End Action KEY ...

Page 35: ...al instructions for synthesizer troubleshooting Connect the phone to a PC with DAU 9P cable and dongle and follow these instructions Start Phoenix Service Software dongle needed Select Scan Product Ctrl R Wait until phone information shows in the lower right corner of the screen Set operating mode to local mode Start RF Control window Select Testing Alt S RF Controls R Wait until the RF Controls w...

Page 36: ... VCO G701 using a resistive probe and a spectrum analyzer It is possible to measure tuning voltage at charge pump output C710 easily For fVCO 3526 4MHz the tuning voltage should be 2 3VDC 2 8VDC Tuning sensitivity of VCO is 240MHz V typ Figure 14 PLL Synthesizer Test Points If this is not the case then go to troubleshooting chart in this document for trouble T702 Input T702 Balanced Output VR7 2 8...

Page 37: ...ce oscillator has three functions Reference frequency for the PLL synthesizer System clock for BB RFClk_I 26 MHz 26 MHz Reference clock LPRFClk_I for Bluetooth Module N430 via buffer V601 For an error free initial synchronization the 26MHz frequency of the VCXO must be accurate enough Therefore a VCXO calibration cal value is written via the serial Bus into the RefOSCCAL register of Mjoelner and a...

Page 38: ...e output of the VCO which is between 3 and 4 GHz if the VCO itself is ok troubleshooting chart for PLL Synthesizer It is important to say that power supply for VCXO VR3 is only switched OFF in the so called Deep Sleep Mode and power supply for VCO G701 VR7 is switched OFF in so called Sleep Mode Set up Phoenix RF Controls Band GSM 900 Mode RX Continuous Channel 37 Check VCO Out Is LO visible PLL i...

Page 39: ...Nokia Customer Care 6b RF Troubleshooting Company Confidential RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 11 Company Confidential PLL power supply Loop Filter VCO and power supply ...

Page 40: ...pins If there are big differencies 5 dB between channels change the antenna If the levels are OK the failure reason is bended center shield or in other part of the phone Change the shield and try again If it is still not functional refer to BB troubleshooting Set RX on connect signal generator to DA 17 and start RSSI testing Check the RSSI lev els on low middle and high channels If the RSSI levels...

Page 41: ...s recommended to perform complete RF tuning if RF is repaired In general repairs in the TX part will require TX Power Level Tuning and TX IQ Tuning In general repairs in the RX part or PLL part always require RX Calibra tion Rx Band Filter Response Calibration If Mjoelner is changed all calibrations have to be done Other parts interfacing to TX RX or PLL might require tuning but common sense shoul...

Page 42: ...dow RX calibration incl VCXO Calibration The RX calibration is used to determine gain at different gain settings for front end and Mjoelner and needs to be done in both bands RX calibration requires an external signal generator RX calibration in EGSM900 combines two tunings VCXO calibration and AGC calibra tion Calibration of GSM1800 band only determines AGC values The VCXO calibration finds out a...

Page 43: ...zation before location update is done when the mobile station is in Normal mode For an error free initial syn chronization the 26MHz frequency of the VCXO must be accurate enough Therefore a VCXO cal value is written into the RefOSCCAL register of the Mjoelner During VCXO calibration the VCXO cal value is changed by a DSP algorithm until a syn chronization is possible This means the VCXO oscillate...

Page 44: ...poration Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential The setup should now look like this Press Start and a new window pops up Connect an external signal generator to the RF connector of the phone and set the gen erator as told in the window taking care for external cable losses Press OK and the window closes ...

Page 45: ...fidential A typical result will look like this The EGSM900 has been tuned To proceed to DCS1800 tuning press Save Continue and a new window pops up Let an external signal generator be connected to the RF connector of the phone and set the generator as told in the window taking care of external cable losses Press OK and the window closes ...

Page 46: ...kia Customer Care Page 18 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential A typical result will look like this Press Save and Continue and a new window pops up Press OK and the RX Calibration of the EGSM900 and DCS1800 are finished ...

Page 47: ...RH 29 Production Testing Requirements If calibration is not within limits there is a fault in the RX chain Below the values for RSSI4 and RSSI7 are given RSSI4 RSSI7 RX band filter response compensation EGSM900 and DCS1800 Set operating mode to local mode Select Tuning Alt u RX Band Filter Response Compensation B Select Band EGSM900 Table 2 band min typ max EGSM900 81 86 91 DCS1800 79 85 89 Table ...

Page 48: ... Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential The setup should now look like this Select Input Signal Level 60dBm Manual tuning Press Manual tuning and a window pops up Connect an external signal generator to the RF connector of the phone and set the gen erator as told in the window ...

Page 49: ...tion Page 21 Company Confidential Press OK and a new window pops up Set the generator as told in the window Press OK and a new window pops up Repeat this sequence 9 times until all channels are done A typical result will look like this The EGSM900 has been tuned Press Save and Continue to proceed to DCS1800 tuning ...

Page 50: ...ntial A window pops up Let the external signal generator be connected to the RF connector and set the generator as told in the window taking care of external cable losses Press OK and the following window pops up Set the generator as told in the window Press OK and a new window pops up Repeat this sequence 9 times until all channels are done ...

Page 51: ...idential RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 23 Company Confidential A typical result will look like this Select Input Signal Level 60dBm The DCS1800 has been tuned Press Save and Continue to finish the tuning A new win dow pops up ...

Page 52: ...he phone to the spectrum analy ser PC Phone operation Set operating mode to local mode Select Tuning Alt u TX IQ Tuning I Wait until the TX IQ Tuning window pops up Select Testing Alt s RF Controls R Wait until the RF Controls window pops up Connect a Spectrum Analyzer or GSM tester with the option Narrow Spectrum to the RF connector of the phone If a spectrum analyzer is used then use the followi...

Page 53: ... 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 25 Company Confidential Select in the RF Controls Window Select Band GSM900 Active Unit TX Operation Mode Burst RX TX Channel 37 TX PA Mode Free TX Data Type All1 Press Start The following window pops up Select again in the RF Controls Window Select TX Power Level 5 ...

Page 54: ...RH 29 Company Confidential 6b RF Troubleshooting Nokia Customer Care Page 26 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential The setup should now look like this ...

Page 55: ...to tune the carrier signal and the 67kHz signal to a minimum level Marker 2 and 3 Use the variables TX I DC offset and TX Q DC offset to adjust the carrier signal to a minimum level Marker 2 After tuning to the minimum the level difference between the peak levels at marker 1 and 2 must exceed 40dB Tuning is possible by using arrow keys on the keyboard Pushing the sliders by using the mouse is less...

Page 56: ...hows a plot like this Use the variables Amplitude difference and Phase difference to adjust the 67kHz sig nal to a minimum level Marker 3 After tuning to the minimum the level difference between the peak levels at marker 1 and 3 must exceed 40dB Tuning is possible by using arrow keys on the keyboard Pushing the sliders by using the mouse is less sensitive but even possible ...

Page 57: ...t 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 29 Company Confidential The Spectrum Analyzer now shows a plot like this Select again in the RF Controls Window Select Save and Continue Press Stop and the values are stored in the phone The EGSM TX IQ Tuning is now finished and tuning continues in the DCS1800 band ...

Page 58: ... then use the following settings The following window pops up Select in the RF Controls Window Select TX Power Level 0 Table 5 DCS1800 Center Frequency 1880 MHz Frequency Span 200 kHz Resolution Bandwidth 3 kHz Video Bandwidth 3 kHz Sweep Time 3 sec Sweep Type Clear Write Detector Type Max Peak Reference level 35 dBm Marker 1 1747 73229 MHz Marker 2 1747 8 MHz Marker 3 1747 86771 MHz ...

Page 59: ...Nokia Customer Care 6b RF Troubleshooting Company Confidential RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 31 Company Confidential The setup should now look like this ...

Page 60: ...o tune the carrier signal and the 67kHz signal to a mini mum level Marker 2 and 3 Use the variables TX I DC offset and TX Q DC offset to adjust the carrier signal to a minimum level Marker 2 After tuning to the minimum the level difference between the peak levels at marker 1 and 2 must exceed 40dB Tuning is possible by using arrow keys on the keyboard Pushing the sliders by using the mouse is less...

Page 61: ...hows a plot like this Use the variables Amplitude difference and Phase difference to adjust the 67KHz sig nal to a minimum level Marker 3 After tuning to the minimum the level difference between the peak levels at marker 1 and 3 must exceed 40dB Tuning is possible by using arrow keys on the keyboard Pushing the sliders by using the mouse is less sensitive but even possible ...

Page 62: ...ing Nokia Customer Care Page 34 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential The Spectrum Analyzer now shows a plot like this Press Save and Continue and the following window pops up Now the TX IQ tuning has been finished ...

Page 63: ... Troubleshooting Company Confidential RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 35 Company Confidential Note the optimal values for TX I and Q Offset and Amplitude and Phase Difference vary from phone to phone ...

Page 64: ...uator Tuning can also be done with a spec trum analyzer The use of power meter in GSM testers is likely to cause larger error than the use of a dedicated power meter and might cause the phone to be non compliant with GSM spec ifications Connect a calibrated power meter to the RF connector of the phone Select Testing Alt S RF controls R Select Tuning Alt u TX Power Level Tuning L Select Band GSM900...

Page 65: ...e this If you are using a spectrum analyzer adjust the marker to the highest peak to see the power level Tune Base level to 30 dBm Adjust DAC Values for Power Level 5 32 5 dBm 15 13 dBm and 19 5 dBm according to Target values The Power levels may differ from Phoenix mentioned target power lev els Press Save and Continue and the tuning continues with DCS1800 power level tuning ...

Page 66: ...orporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential The following window pops up If you are using a spectrum analyzer make the necessary settings Press OK to continue The setup should now look like this Tune Base level to 28dBm Adjust DAC Values for Power Level 0 29 9dBm 11 8 6dBm and 15 1 5dBm The Power ...

Page 67: ... cables for measurements and GPIB cable s to control test equipment R S CMU200 OR one TX and one RX equipment and RF splitter TX Agilent E4406 VSA series transmitter tester Agilent E4445 PSA series transmitter tester Rohde Schwarz FSE family of Signal Analyzers Rohde Schwarz FSIQ family of Signal Analyzers RX Agilent ESG family of RF Signal Generators Rohde Schwarz SME family of Signal Generators ...

Page 68: ...n the lower right corner of the screen Now you can change values for path losses and select right jig for the prouct Select Tuning Alt u Set Loss o Set losses for RF cables as shown in figure below Figure 16 Set loss for RF cable s Select used test jig MJ 21 for the product from the Product menu If MJ 21 is not there you have to add it See figure below Figure 17 Add jig for the product ...

Page 69: ...1 to PC and to measurement equipment if you are using R S CMU200 use RF2 port Connect the engine board to jig turn power on Run Phoenix Select right connection type from Phoenix and set operating mode to local mode Select File Alt F Scan Product P Wait until phone information is shown in the lower right corner of the screen Check that there is right jig selected and losses set correctly as describ...

Page 70: ...6b RF Troubleshooting Nokia Customer Care Page 42 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential See figure below Figure 19 Auto Tune Wait until Auto Tune starts properly that is Tune button becomes active ...

Page 71: ...ue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 43 Company Confidential Press Tune and Phoenix will do all the tunings both TX and RX That will take about a couple of minutes If autotuning can be made successfully you will see following mes sage Figure 20 Autotuning done ...

Page 72: ... RF Troubleshooting Nokia Customer Care Page 44 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 05 2004 Company Confidential Press OK and you ll see the tuning results as in figure below Figure 21 Results of Auto Tune Tunings are now done ...

Page 73: ...Nokia Customer Care 6b RF Troubleshooting Company Confidential RH 29 Issue 1 05 2004 Copyright 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 45 Company Confidential This page intentionally left blank ...

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