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RIOTRONIC X+

User Manual

Rule #5

Stemming length is 20 - 30 blast-hole diameters.

In strong, massive rock, stemming length may be kept short to ensure good breakage at the

collar, but not induce excessive air blast or fly rock. Small pocket charges may be used if

required. In weak rock, stemming lengths can be increased to take advantage of the weaker

material in the collar area breaking.

It should also be remarked that the stemming length should be longer than the burden to

promote forward movement rather than upward movement. If upward movement is

required, the stemming length may be less than the burden but should generally not be less

than 0.8 times the burden to contain fly rock, air blast and cratering of blast-holes (energy is

released too easily and does not work on rock between blast-holes).

Relatively long stemming columns should also be used for any front-row blast-hole that has

an inadequate burden alongside the top of the charging order to prevent fly rock and air

blast. Such conditions are common if vertical blast-holes are drilled alongside faces that are

high or shallow dipping. Pocket charges can also be applied in such front-row blast-holes. A

longer stemming column can be used in back-row blast-holes to reduce overbreak.

Main Points - stemming



The general rule of thumb for stemming length is 20-30 diameters.



Insufficient stemming length will cause air blast and fly rock out the top of the blast.



Excessive stemming will cause poor fragmentation in the collar region.



Stemming particle size should be approximately 10% of the blast-hole diameter up to
a maximum of 25 mm as a general rule. Material over 25 mm may damage the
initiation downline.

9.3.8.

Primer placement

A bench blast design must also include details of priming. Blasting results are affected by the

type and number of primers used and their positions in blast-holes. If a single primer is used

inside each blast-hole, it is usually placed just above the toe. This ensures that the detonation

starts in a position that is well confined so that explosion gases cannot easily escape.

Explosive energy can then be effectively used to break rock near the toe. If a single primer is

placed near the collar, the charge could blow out quickly because the detonation starts close

to the stemming material.

Summary of Contents for RIOTRONIC X +

Page 1: ...RIOTRONIC X SYSTEM User manual July 2020 Version 1 1 ...

Page 2: ...date as possible based on this understanding MAXAM accepts no liability to any person for any injury loss or damage resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information contained in this report or for any injury loss or damage resulting from the omission of any information in this report No expressed or implied warranties are given other than those implied mandatory by territory legislation ...

Page 3: ... 3 Operation Procedure 16 3 1 General procedure for a blast using RIOTRONIC X 16 3 1 1 Defining a blast plan 16 3 1 2 Covering Risk Assessment 16 3 1 3 Preparing the Equipment 16 3 1 4 Product distribution 16 3 1 5 Priming loading and stemming the hole 17 3 1 6 Programming and connecting 17 3 1 7 Testing lines detonators and connections 17 3 1 8 Firing the blast 18 3 1 9 Post blast inspection and ...

Page 4: ...TRONIC X Logger to the BUS LINE 27 5 3 Extension of BUS LINE wire 27 5 4 System limits for the RIOTRONIC X Blaster 28 5 5 General planning for connection 28 5 6 Before shot 28 5 7 Conditions for setting up a shot 28 5 8 Limiting the risk of wire damage 29 5 9 Limiting the risk of damaging the bus line 30 5 10 Limiting the risk of transient pressure 30 6 Riotronic X Logger User manual 31 6 1 Genera...

Page 5: ...t dets 37 6 4 7 Transfer data 37 6 4 8 Send 38 6 4 9 Receive 38 6 4 10 Program range 38 6 5 Settings 38 6 5 1 Active pattern 39 6 5 2 Connection mode 39 6 5 3 Delay mode 39 6 5 4 Transfer settings 39 6 5 5 System 39 6 6 PC connection 41 6 7 Battery charging 41 6 8 Firmware uploading 42 6 9 Service menu 42 6 9 1 Export log to SD 44 6 9 2 Test LCD 44 6 9 3 Test keyboard 44 6 9 4 Save battery info 44...

Page 6: ... 2 6 Firing line terminals 48 7 2 7 NFC antenna 48 7 2 8 Turning device on and off 49 7 2 9 Receive data 49 7 2 10 Test blast 50 7 3 Blast procedure 51 7 3 1 Local 51 7 3 2 Remote 53 7 3 3 Menu 54 7 3 4 Test remote 55 7 3 5 Copy history 56 7 4 Settings 56 7 4 1 Remote type 56 7 4 2 Transfer settings 56 7 5 System 57 7 5 1 System info 57 7 5 2 PIN settings 57 7 5 3 Time and date 57 7 5 4 Language 5...

Page 7: ...specification 64 8 Riotronic X Remote User manual 65 8 1 General information 65 8 2 Device outlook 66 8 2 1 Keypad 66 8 2 2 Display 66 8 2 3 Charging socket 66 8 2 4 USB sockets 66 8 2 5 Communication antenna socket 67 8 2 6 NFC antenna 67 8 3 Turning device on and off 67 8 4 Pairing Blasters 68 8 5 Blast procedure 69 8 6 Menu 71 8 6 1 Test remote 72 8 6 2 Copy history 73 8 6 3 Settings 73 8 7 PC ...

Page 8: ...9 2 Air blast and vibration 86 9 2 1 Air blast 86 9 2 2 Face Bursting 86 9 2 3 Piston Effect 86 9 2 4 Lead holes 87 9 2 5 Vibration 87 9 3 Blast Design Parameters 88 9 3 1 Blast hole Diameter 89 9 3 2 Bench Height 90 9 3 3 Burden and Spacing 90 9 3 4 Blast hole Pattern Staggered v Square 93 9 3 5 Subdrilling 94 9 3 6 Explosives Distribution 95 9 3 7 Stemming 96 9 3 8 Primer placement 97 9 4 Influe...

Page 9: ...ure in the blast Each electronic system is different so it is not allowed to mix detonators and devices from different manufacturers or versions of the same systems Follow standard blasting safety rules in the use of electronic initiation systems in addition to the specific safety rules of the system Never attempt to repair or manipulate system equipment and avoid using manipulated or failed equip...

Page 10: ... undesired operation of the device The Remote Blaster Logger comply with part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 These devices may not cause harmful interference and 2 these must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Company MAXAM UEB S L Address Barrio Zuazo s n City Galdacano Province Vizcaya Telephone 3...

Page 11: ...n Controls the energy of each RIOTRONIC X detonator up to the moment of firing Reports any anomaly to the operator identifying the type of problem and the RIOTRONIC X detonator involved Prevents initiation unless commanded by a RIOTRONIC X Blaster This technology makes it possible to control the precision of the firing sequence and allows overall supervision of a correctly implemented safety proce...

Page 12: ...aster Storing enough energy to remain self sufficient during the firing phase Storing the energy required to initiate the firing element at the programmed delay time Generating the electrical impulse to initiate the firing element at the programmed delay time Continuously analyzing its environment and carrying out safety procedures if necessary e g if communication between the RIOTRONIC X Blaster ...

Page 13: ... ESD Resistance Compliant to EN 13763 13 25 KV EMC Resistance Compliant to EN 13763 27 Traceability Unique ID number Wire Copper clad steel core and High Abrasion Resistance Polyamide insulation 2 1 2 Label The water resistant label includes information regarding length lot number a unique traceable data matrix and the unique ID of the detonator Figure 3 Figure 3 RIOTRONIC X Detonator Label 2 1 3 ...

Page 14: ... closed until the first click is heard while a bus line is not being used both positions can be seen in figure 6 This will facilitate the opening of the connector later while still protecting it against dust and rocks Figure 6 Completely Closed and half closed connectors 2 2 RIOTRONIC X Accessories 2 2 1 Safety key The Safety key RFID card in Figure 7 is used to authenticate the operator of the RI...

Page 15: ...RONIC X detonators using this line and the RIOTRONIC X Blaster needs this line to charge and fire the detonators Figure 8 Bus line With and without reel 2 2 3 Charger This equipment is used to charge the RIOTRONIC X Blaster Figure 9 Figure 9 RIOTRONIC X Blaster Charger 2 2 4 Replacement connector If the bus line or a RIOTRONIC X detonator wire is broken use a replacement connector Figure 10 to rec...

Page 16: ...veloped by TAP Technical Application Department of MAXAM Civil Explosives Figure 12 RIOTRONIC Software RIOTRONIC SW is a 2D and 3D blast design and simulation software useful for surface blasting applications and for tunnelling blasting It is composed of diverse modules that will help users in the task of designing a quality shot This is aimed to attend MAXAM blasting activities and projects aroun...

Page 17: ...and number of RIOTRONIC X detonators Timing of each detonator borehole Assignation of boreholes to each RIOTRONIC X Logger Connection order or connection path 3 1 2 Covering Risk Assessment Number of people and their function Distance to the firing point 3 1 3 Preparing the Equipment Consider the following aspects regarding the equipment Charge the batteries Check the security key Configure the RI...

Page 18: ...orresponding time Wait for the message Detonator Programmed to go to the next one Take note of the number of detonators in the blast plan in order to easily check any errors It is recommended to write down the letter and number that are assigned to each detonator on the Logger This will make it easier to identify detonators on the blast plan and their actual holes on the field 3 1 7 Testing lines ...

Page 19: ...OTRONIC X Blaster to the RIOTRONIC X Logger and download the data If more than one RIOTRONIC X Logger has been used while programming download data from each one o Proceed with checking and charging o Once the charging operation has been completed make sure the area is clear and fire o Wait inside the protection for at least one minute to avoid fly rock Do not enter the blast area for at least fiv...

Page 20: ...esigning a blasting plan First it is necessary to use 2D or 3D laser profiling to get bench profile data which can be used as input to the RIOTRONIC SW and then generate a bench in the software Furthermore it is needed to obtain the rock mass characterization which can be used to predict fragmentation After gathering all the information that is needed make a blast plan Figure 13 Figure 13 Blast de...

Page 21: ...NIC X detonator should be attached directly to the RIOTRONIC X Logger Figure 16 before the testing option is chosen If it is not done like this the user will get a no response error screen Figure 16 Connection between a RIOTRONIC detonator and RIOTRONIC X Logger Test one det is to perform self testing procedure in single detonator One detonator only should be connected before initiating this test ...

Page 22: ... at each stage of the blasting process Operational risk assessments should also be conducted on a daily or shift change basis as relevant Again these exercises must be conducted by a representative group of stakeholders The main areas to consider include a Planning and design Identifying the hazards and controls associated with specific blast types and ground conditions and the potential impacts o...

Page 23: ...ss Operational or specific risk assessments of on bench activities are best carried out at the work area prior to the commencement of work e g SLAM Take5 JSA etc When a formal risk assessment is carried out it must be approved in accordance with the relevant safety management systems and accepted and signed by all of the relevant parties involved in that blasting process prior to work being undert...

Page 24: ...able downline If necessary make a puncture in the cartridge using a non ferrous spike Push the RIOTRONIC X detonator into the cartridge so that the detonator stays centered in the explosive When lowering the base charge secure the downline around the cartridge with a half knot or plastic tape Figure 19 Priming with packaged explosives 3 2 7 Cast Booster Proceed as follows Take the RIOTRONIC X deto...

Page 25: ...last hole Figure 21 Carefully wrap the down line around it once Place the stone with the down line about half a meter from the collar of the hole This procedure is done in order to avoid the possibility of the down line being lost down an unloaded hole Figure 21 Line wrapped around a stone 3 2 8 Loading The loading of explosives should be performed according to the blast plan data and following a ...

Page 26: ...ctronic initiation systems presplit products etc 4 Best Practices 4 1 Before you proceed to the blast site make sure that The equipment is fully charged and complete The equipment is OK Run self test The blast design is prepared and a printout is available to use on site waterproof paper if necessary Record the position of the BUS LINE wire on the blast plan and ensure logging track is logical The...

Page 27: ...ble with a tool against sharp objects that could damage it Keep the connectors closed to avoid moisture inside Assure the cable in the collar of the hole REMEMBER Keep blaster loggers OFF when not in use 4 2 During logging Check the delay times against the blast plan frequently If a wrong delay has been assigned or if there is any uncertainty always check it and correct it immediately Record the l...

Page 28: ...The voltage drop to the end of the BUS LINE can be reduced by positioning the RIOTRONIC X Logger in the middle of the BUS LINE 5 2 Connect Reconnect the RIOTRONIC X Logger to the BUS LINE If the RIOTRONIC X Logger is connected or reconnected to the BUS LINE it must always be on the level of the main menu Once the RIOTRONIC X Logger is connected to the BUS LINE it is recommended to run these tests ...

Page 29: ...ound mining operations or tunneling where the environment is much more confined special efforts must be made to comply with this rule Therefore follow these rules Never run the RIOTRONIC X Logger circuits in parallel and near each other Never put the RIOTRONIC X Logger and BUS LINE circuits in a bunch wrapping them around pins in the side wall Never run several RIOTRONIC X Logger circuits through ...

Page 30: ...NIC X Logger or Blaster Electric current leakage Partial misfires 5 8 Limiting the risk of wire damage To limit the risk of damaging the RIOTRONIC X detonator wires during the preparation and installation of the priming cartridge Place the RIOTRONIC X detonator in the lower third of the priming cartridge making sure that the wire does not pull excessively on the crimping assembly of the RIOTRONIC ...

Page 31: ... measures should be considered Avoid walking on the line Prevent vehicles from driving over the line 5 10 Limiting the risk of transient pressure A transient pressure pulse from the detonation of adjacent holes or adjacent decks within the same hole can adversely affect un detonated explosives and the RIOTRONIC X detonators by pre compression and dynamic shock which can result in a partial or tota...

Page 32: ...lasting pattern Logger can also interchange programmed blasting patterns with Blaster or PC It has also built in special features like auto test function Ohmmeter or Ammeter Figure 26 Riotronic X Logger CAUTION The document contains content not intended for the end user The final user should receive the manual in a trimmed version 6 2 Device outlook 6 2 1 Keypad Logger is equipped with membrane ke...

Page 33: ...urrent function of F1 and F2 keys is displayed 6 2 3 Charging socket Charging socket is placed at the bottom of Logger It is used to connect the charger or external battery 6 2 4 USB socket USB socket is placed at the bottom of Logger It is used to connect Logger to PC or Blaster Figure 28 Bottom view 6 2 5 Bus line terminals Bus line terminals are placed at the top of Logger They are used to conn...

Page 34: ...e on press ON OFF button and hold for about 3 seconds Logger proceed with initial auto test If PIN checking is enabled enter PIN and press OK or F2 button Logger starts with pattern list to pick the Active Pattern To turn the device off press ON OFF button and then confirm with OK or F2 button If ON OFF button is pressed and held for longer than 3 second Logger will be turned off without confirmat...

Page 35: ...nding on chosen connection mode and delay mode Connection mode can be One by one 1 x 1 in this mode only one detonator can be connected to the Logger Bus in this mode Logger is connected to the bus line and every next detonator is connected to this bus together with all detonators connected previously NFC NFC in this mode detonator s ID is read from RFID tag Delay mode can be Manual M delay time f...

Page 36: ...ars and screen looks like in manual mode When Delay time is set OK or F2 button have to be pressed to program the connected detonator When the detonator is programmed time increment field is back for next detonator The number and value of increments can be set in settings menu 6 3 3 No delay mode Figure 33 No delay programming screen In no delay programming mode there is only detonator s number on...

Page 37: ...ay time and sequence number actually stored in detonator s memory and self test result OK or not OK If detonator is OK then BACK or F2 key leads to main menu If there is any error BACK or F2 key starts another test MENU leads to main menu and CANCEL leads to programming 6 4 2 Test range Test range is to test connection with detonators in only part of pattern Before test is initiated number of firs...

Page 38: ...tors missing not connected to the bus line detonators error detonators with wrong time which cannot be reprogrammed and extra detonators is displayed If there are any missing error or extra detonators detailed information can be displayed using up and down arrows and OK or F2 keys If there are no errors BACK and F2 buttons leads to main menu In other case BACK key starts another test 6 4 4 Test le...

Page 39: ...l be message to align NFC device Logger should be placed on Blaster s NFC antenna or put to another Logger s back to start the transmission 6 4 9 Receive Receiving pattern have to be confirmed with OK or F2 key Logger will start receiving by NFC regardless from the option set up in transfer settings Logger should be put to another Logger s back to start the transmission 6 4 10 Program range Progra...

Page 40: ...rn User can delete pattern from Logger s memory Pattern have to be pointed using arrow keys and F2 key Deleting must be confirmed then by pressing F1 key 6 5 2 Connection mode Connection mode can be changed here 6 5 3 Delay mode Delay mode can be changed here 6 5 4 Transfer settings Transfer method can be chosen between wireless NFC and wired USB This setting affects only to sending data to Blaste...

Page 41: ... PIN is empty Logger will not ask for PIN on start Admin PIN can be entered as old PIN when user PIN is changed 6 5 5 4 Time and date Current time and date can be set there 6 5 5 5 Device ID Each logger is defined by ID ID is a letter from A to F Logger s ID is stored in detonators while programming It can be helpful when many Loggers are used in the same time on blasting site 6 5 5 6 Language Lan...

Page 42: ...evice then Logger should be turned on after USB cable is connected to PC Mass storage mode will be started If Logger was already turned on before it also starts Mass storage mode Figure 36 Mass storage mode screen Before disconnecting USB cable it is important to dismount drive in PC operation system When USB cable is disconnected Logger automatically is turned off 6 7 Battery charging Current bat...

Page 43: ...copying the file Logger have to be unmounted from the PC system and turned off When turned on again Logger looks in BOOT folder for new firmware If the file is OK and encoded with correct serial number Logger will change content of the firmware flash memory and the file will be renamed to FLASH BIN 6 9 Service menu To get access to Service menu user PIN must be set first After Logger is turned on ...

Page 44: ...Manual Figure 39 Token calculation algorithm Figure 40 Token checking screen This enables hidden Service menu as the last item of settings Figure 41 Settings with Service menu enabled Figure 42 Service menu 1 2 3 4 0 9 1 5 ...

Page 45: ... leads to turning off question screen and BACK leads back to Service menu 6 9 4 Save battery info It is to set the date of last battery change which is visible in system info screen 6 9 5 Save revision date It is to set the date of revision which is visible in system info screen 6 9 6 Set GUI colour GUI colour schemes can be changed Following schemes are available Yellow yellow letters on black ba...

Page 46: ...enter user or admin PIN again NFC transfer won t start NFC antennas are not aligned NFC sending and receiving antennas must be precisely aligned 6 12 Technical specification Parameter Value Dimensions 125 x 219 x 37 mm Operation temperature 15 C 55 C Charging temperature 0 C 40 C Storage temperature 20 C 50 C Charging supply voltage 10 12 V DC Battery voltage 7 2V Battery capacity 5 2Ah Battery ty...

Page 47: ... Blaster X RF915 7 1 General information Blaster is a device used for import data from the Logger s verify the entire blasting looking for current leakage extra or missing detonators programming the delay time in detonators communicate with other Blasters or Remote control device Figure 43 Riotronic X Blaster CAUTION The document contains content not intended for the end user The final user should...

Page 48: ... information about currently performed operation Function keys area where current function of F1 and F2 keys is displayed 7 2 3 Charging socket CHARGE LINK socket is placed at the left side of Blaster s front panel It is used to connect the charger or external battery There is also RS485 interface used to communicate with other Blasters or Remote control device 7 2 4 USB sockets Blaster is equippe...

Page 49: ...ht of USB1 socket Appropriate antenna should be connected before remote communication is started 7 2 6 Firing line terminals Firing line terminals are placed at the right side of front panel They are used to connect the detonators through two wire firing line Figure 46 Firing line terminals 7 2 7 NFC antenna Blaster is equipped with NFC communication antenna NFC is used to communicate with Logger ...

Page 50: ...d Blaster will be turned off without confirmation screen 7 2 9 Receive data Blasting procedure starts with receiving data from Loggers Depending on settings it can be by NFC wireless or USB wired To transfer data by NFC Transfer data Send option have to be chosen on Logger and pattern must be selected Then Logger should be put on the Blaster and NFC antennas should be aligned Transfer will start a...

Page 51: ...t all detonators from transferred patterns are checked if they are connected to the line and programmed with correct delay time If the delay time is wrong Blaster tries to reprogram them At the end Blaster search for extra detonators connected to the firing line Detonators can be counted to one of following categories OK detonator is present and programmed with correct delay time MISSING detonator...

Page 52: ...2 or OK key should be pressed Figure 51 Test blast 7 3 Blast procedure At the beginning of blast procedure type of control must be chosen It could be Local blast will be initiated on the Blaster where firing line is connected Remote blast will be initiated on Remote control device F1 or F2 key should be pressed Figure 52 Type of blast control 7 3 1 Local If local blast control was chosen user has ...

Page 53: ... to charge CHARGE key has to be pressed Figure 54 Press charge After that charging and calibration procedure is started Figure 55 Charge in progress When detonators are charged there are 10 minutes to initiate the blast by pressing and holding CHARGE and FIRE keys simultaneously for 2 seconds ...

Page 54: ...g new data Figure 57 Fire command issued 7 3 2 Remote If remote blast control was chosen Blaster have to be connected to Remote control device Remote device RFID card should be put on NFC antenna or Remote serial number should be entered with numeric keypad and confirmed with OK key Figure 58 Connecting with Remote control device ...

Page 55: ...ection is established all further operations are controlled by Remote device Only ON OFF and CANCEL ABORT keys are active to abort blasting Figure 60 Remote fire command issued After firing Blaster can be switched off by Remote device or from local keypad Another blasting may also be started with BACK of F1 key 7 3 3 Menu Main menu will be displayed when MENU key will be pressed MENU key is active...

Page 56: ...te control device To test communication serial number of Remote device must be entered or Remote card must be put on NFC antenna Test remote must be also started on Remote Figure 62 Remote test connection setting After connection is established Blaster show signal strength and packet success ratio Figure 63 Remote test results ...

Page 57: ...ory 7 4 Settings Settings menu is to change setting of Blaster listed below Figure 64 Settings menu 7 4 1 Remote type There are two methods of connection with Remote control device using wireless modem WiFi or RF or RS485 cable Preferred connection type can be set here 7 4 2 Transfer settings Transfer method can be chosen between wireless NFC and wired USB This setting affects only to sending data...

Page 58: ... must be entered when the device is starting PIN can be from 1 to 8 digits long or empty If user PIN is empty Blaster will not ask for PIN on start Admin PIN can be entered as old PIN when user PIN is changed 7 5 3 Time and date Current time and date can be set there 7 5 4 Language Language can be changed there 7 5 5 Brightness Display brightness can be changed The value can be set by left and rig...

Page 59: ...nd PC and set new WiFi configuration When this option is chosen WiFi modem will create Access Point with network called MAXAM_B_XX where XX are last two digits of its serial number PC should be connected to this network Password is MAXAMWIFI Web browser should be started and 192 168 12 100 should be entered in the address bar Login page should be opened Figure 67 Login page to WiFi configuration D...

Page 60: ...ot be modified Changes in those sections may block the modem Usual to configure network connection S2W Setting Scan network option is used In Step 1 Mode should be set to Station Mode and Protocol to UDP Server Then Setting button should be pressed to confirm and Next_Step to go to Step 2 Figure 69 WiFi configuration Step 1 ...

Page 61: ...en After confirming modem is restarted with new configuration Web browser may be closed Figure 71 WiFi configuration Step 3 7 6 Battery charging Current battery level is displayed on top bar of display To charge the battery dedicated power supply has to be connected to CHARGE LINK socket at the Blaster s front plate Blaster automatically starts charging and suitable message will be displayed There...

Page 62: ...ill be automatically turned off When turned on again Blaster looks in BOOT folder for new firmware If the file is OK and encoded with correct serial number Blaster will change content of the firmware flash memory and the file will be renamed to FLASH BIN 7 8 Service menu To get access to Service menu user PIN must be set first After Blaster is turned on service PIN 62926082 must be entered instead...

Page 63: ...Manual Figure 74 Token calculation algorithm Figure 75 Token checking screen This enables hidden Service menu as the last item of settings Figure 76 Settings with Service menu enabled Figure 77 Service menu 1 2 3 4 0 9 1 5 ...

Page 64: ...u 7 8 4 Test keyboard This option allows to test keys and backlight At the beginning all keys are lighted When any key is pressed its name is displayed and its backlight is off All keys can be tested but ON OFF still leads to turning off question screen and BACK leads back to Service menu 7 8 5 Save battery info It is to set the date of last battery change which is visible in system info screen 7 ...

Page 65: ...rror SHORT LINE Bus line is shorted Remove the short circuit and try again Error PIN ERROR Entered PIN is incorrect Try to enter user or admin PIN again NFC transfer won t start NFC antennas are not aligned NFC sending and receiving antennas must be precisely aligned 7 11 Technical specification Parameter Value Dimensions 300 x 249 x 119 mm Operation temperature 15 C 55 C Charging temperature 0 C ...

Page 66: ...nic X Remote User manual This documentation considers following devices 043 008 001 Remote X WiFi 043 008 002 Remote X RF868 043 008 003 Remote X RF915 8 1 General information Remote is a device used for communicating with Blasters for remote blast initiation Figure 78 Riotronic X Blaster CAUTION The document contains content not intended for the end user The final user should receive the manual i...

Page 67: ...n find information about time battery status NFC status and blasting name Main operation area where are all information about currently performed operation Function keys area where current function of F1 and F2 keys is displayed 8 2 3 Charging socket Charging socket is placed at the bottom of Remote It is used to connect the charger or external battery 8 2 4 USB sockets USB socket is placed at the...

Page 68: ...a NFC is used to read RFID card for blast authorisation NFC antenna is placed at the back of Remote s case It s exact position is marked by the white rectangle Figure 82 NFC antenna 8 3 Turning device on and off To turn the device on press ON OFF button and hold for about 3 seconds Remote proceed with initial auto test If PIN checking is enabled enter PIN and press OK or F2 button Remote starts wi...

Page 69: ...mmunication is established blasting name will be read and displayed on the list with connection status Up to five Blasters can be added Figure 83 Remote waits for pairing Blasters When all Blasters are added to the list then OK or F2 key should be pressed to proceed Figure 84 Blaster properly paired On the next screen also number of detonators for each Blaster is displayed When all Blasters are pr...

Page 70: ...ast procedure 8 5 Blast procedure To enter to blast procedure user must be authenticated by putting Remote s card to NFC antenna Figure 86 Authentication After positive authentication system is ready to charge the detonators To start that CHARGE key must be pressed ...

Page 71: ...st of all Blasters Detailed screen of each Blaster can also be show To switch between Blasters B and B keys should be used In case of any errors user should switch display to Blaster with error and then proceed as in local blasting on Blaster Figure 88 Summary view for all Blasters Figure 89 Detailed view of Blaster 1 screen ...

Page 72: ...ent Blasters Figure 90 Ready to fire After firing summary screen will be displayed with confirmation that all Blasters fired Figure 91 Fire command issued Remote go back then to pairing new Blasters by pressing BACK or F1 key It can also be switched off by pressing F2 key In this case all paired Blasters will be also switched off 8 6 Menu Main menu will be displayed when MENU key will be pressed M...

Page 73: ...mote To do that Blasters cards must be put to Remote s NFC antenna Up to five Blasters can be added to the list Then OK or F2 key must be pressed to start testing Remote test must be also started and configured on Blasters Figure 93 Remote test connection setting Testing may be stopped with F2 key F1 key is used to switching between signal strength information and packet success ratio ...

Page 74: ... created in a hidden part of memory It cannot be changed or erased With this option the content of this hidden log with all information important for user is exported to xml file and copied to part of flash memory accessible as mass storage device 8 6 3 Settings Settings menu is to change settings of Remote listed below ...

Page 75: ...te type There are two methods of connection with Remote control device using wireless modem WiFi or RF or RS485 cable Preferred connection type can be set here Figure 97 Remote type 8 6 3 2 System This is to enter to system settings submenu Figure 98 System submenu ...

Page 76: ...be set by left and right arrow key or entered with numeric keys OK or F2 key have to be pressed to store the value 8 6 3 8 Buttons beep If this function is on there is a beep signal with every key pressed If this is off beep signal is only for important notifications 8 6 3 9 Reset WiFi This option is to reset WiFi modem to default configuration It is used to enable direct connection between Remote...

Page 77: ...N GPIO Control Serial Setting and User Information must not be modified Changes in those sections may block the modem Usual to configure network connection S2W Setting Scan network option is used In Step 1 Mode should be set to Station Mode and Protocol to UDP Server Then Setting button should be pressed to confirm and Next_Step to go to Step 2 Figure 101 WiFi configuration Step 1 ...

Page 78: ...er confirming modem is restarted with new configuration Web browser may be closed Figure 103 WiFi configuration Step 3 8 7 PC connection Remote can be connected to PC with USB cable Its internal memory can be accessed as mass storage device then Remote should be turned on after USB cable is connected to PC Mass storage mode will be started If Remote was already turned on before it also starts Mass...

Page 79: ...BOOT folder of the internal Remote s memory FIRMWARE BIN file have to be encoded using device s serial number To copy this file to Remote regular PC connection if old firmware is working or bootloader mode can be used To start bootloader mode Remote must be turned off first Then up and down arrow keys have to be pressed and hold while ON OFF is pressed to turn the device on Remote starts in bootlo...

Page 80: ... must be entered Token digits must be calculated according to the algorithm below First two digits have to be multiplied and then third and fourth digit have to be added The result gives first two digits of token Digits three and four have to be multiplied and then first and second digit have to be added The result gives third and fourth digit of token Figure 107 Token calculation algorithm Figure...

Page 81: ...and copied to that part of memory which can be accessed as mass storage 8 10 3 Test LCD To test LCD whole screen is filled with one colour Colour can be changed with OK key in following sequence red green blue white black BACK key lead back to Service menu 8 10 4 Test keyboard This option allows to test keys and backlight At the beginning all keys are lighted When any key is pressed its name is di...

Page 82: ...und Blue blue letters on white background 8 11 Restarting the device In case if device hangs it could be restarted by pressing and holding any three keys except ON OFF for longer than 4 seconds 8 12 Troubleshooting Problem Possible cause Action Remote won t start Very low batter level Connect battery charger Error PIN ERROR Entered PIN is incorrect Try to enter user or admin PIN again 8 13 Technic...

Page 83: ...82 RIOTRONIC X User Manual Battery type Li Ion Display type LCD Display size 3 5 Display resolution 320x480 Dust and Water Resistance Level IP 67 ...

Page 84: ...en 2000 and 4000 meters per second When this compression wave hits joints the face or other faults it is reflected as a tensile wave causing cracking to occur The high pressure gases then travel into the rock mass opening up existing cracks and extending them Crack propagation in hard rock is thought to travel at between 300 and 600 meters per second How does this affect timing in hard rock quarri...

Page 85: ... rows should be at least 15 milliseconds per meter of burden For example if the burden is 4 5 meters the delay between rows should be at least 67 milliseconds Again in very hard brittle rock which responds quickly to explosives this time may be reduced If the timing between rows is too long the row fired will have time to settle before the next row fires This would be like firing a face with the p...

Page 86: ...w milliseconds and see what the effect is The reason for doing the initial calculation is not to obtain the optimal timing but to give the direction in which the timing should be moving towards The following is an example of the shots fired in a typical hard rock quarry where the optimal timing was thought to be 18 46 and the site was currently using 17 42 non electrics 1st blast with RIOTRONIC X ...

Page 87: ...fixed by implementing a controlled face and a blast hole surveying program If timing along the row is too great an earlier firing hole may open up the face around the next hole causing air blast In this case moving to faster times along the row can help The following air blast trace Figure 113 indicates face bursting although examination of a blast video would also be helpful Figure 113 Air blast ...

Page 88: ...a blast suffering from lead hole peaks 9 2 5 Vibration The change from pyrotechnic detonators to RIOTRONIC X detonators will make a difference to ground vibration simply because of the much greater accuracy Holes will fire at the designed timing separation rather than a spread of times around the chosen delay In decking operations a single deck per delay can be fired with confidence The eight mill...

Page 89: ... row timing should be chosen trying to avoid overlapping with holes located on the previous line 9 3 Blast Design Parameters Initiation is not everything and the electronic detonator will not solve all problems The drilling and explosive parameters must also be properly controlled to achieve the best results The main variables that a blast designer must consider are as follows Blast hole diameter ...

Page 90: ...e digging rates and increase wear downtime and maintenance cost for digging hauling and crushing equipment In places where the selected blat hole diameter is small the costs of drilling priming and initiating will be high The charging stemming and tying operations in these blasts are also more time consuming and labor intensive The disadvantages of small diameter blast holes outweigh the fragmenta...

Page 91: ... or methods If there is some flexibility available regarding bench height the choices between lower and higher benches may be influenced by the following Bench preparation and infrastructure costs are reduced with increased bench height Overall drilling manpower and explosives costs are reduced with increased bench height Drill deviation increases with increased bench height Blasting control and o...

Page 92: ...tio of a blast block decreases below about 1 0 the blast becomes a trench type shot a blast in which progressive relief of burden and the required degree of muck pile looseness are less likely to be achieved To overcome this potential problem burden and spacing in ramp blasts should be smaller than in blasts that shoot to a long sub vertical face All too often burden and spacing are rounded off to...

Page 93: ...onstant and increase burden by a sensible amount 10 maximum With any trial blast it is important that the muck pile is completely removed and the cost efficiency of digging assessed before the next blast is drilled out It is most important that once burden and spacing have been selected every blast hole is collared in the correct place and drilled at the correct angle and direction of dip and to t...

Page 94: ...t on the Spacing to Burden ratio The S B ratio chosen will be based on Rock strength Rock condition Ore body type massive or small pods vertical or horizontal Required movement of material throw or sit In general lower ratios 1 are used in paddock blasting or choke blasting to fragment and give muck pile looseness High ratios 1 2 are used to throw or cast material as in overburden removal for drag...

Page 95: ... Subdrilling is carried out to ensure explosives are placed below the bench floor level to assist with floor grade control The correct amount of subdrilling is critical to the entire operation Too little subdrilling and digging becomes difficult floor grades will be poor and tear on equipment will be increased Too much subdrilling and drilling is adversely affected due to excessive preconditioning...

Page 96: ...ed Main Points subdrilling subdrilling is required to keep good floor grade control The general rule of thumb for subdrilling is between 8 and 12 blast hole diameters Excessive subdrilling will precondition the next bench and cause high vibration Insufficient subdrilling will cause toe and floor grade degradation 9 3 6 Explosives Distribution The distribution of explosives along a blast hole shoul...

Page 97: ...ock cavities insufficient burden or excessive toe burden Explosives distribution should be called energy distribution Pocket charges may be used in the stemming to break up strong collar rock 9 3 7 Stemming The function of stemming is to contain the explosion gases to assist in fracturing rock heave and to reduce blast nuisances such as air blast and fly rock For a given blast this means burden an...

Page 98: ... are drilled alongside faces that are high or shallow dipping Pocket charges can also be applied in such front row blast holes A longer stemming column can be used in back row blast holes to reduce overbreak Main Points stemming The general rule of thumb for stemming length is 20 30 diameters Insufficient stemming length will cause air blast and fly rock out the top of the blast Excessive stemming...

Page 99: ... can be considered as being comprised of two timing elements the timing between holes along the row and the timing between rows The time between holes within the row is known as the intra row or spacing timing and the time between rows is known as the inter row or burden timing It is reasonable to consider that the intra row delay has the dominant influence on fragmentation and the inter row delay...

Page 100: ...bench will effectively be the free face This puts a lower limit on the inter row delay below which choking of the blast will occur with restricted forward movement and a possible increase in over break and vertical heave This minimum time is variable depending on the response time of the rock mass Increasing the burden timing to excessively long inter row delays does not have an added effect on pe...

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