Malvern Instruments Zetasizer Series Basic Reference Manual Download Page 73

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4.80

InstrumentType Function

Application
Instrument function.

Syntax
InstrumentType

Notes
The numbers currently defined are as follows:-

AutoSizer 2C

Lo-C

Hi-C

ZetaSizer 4

ZetaSizer 4S

4700

4700 Manual

Zetamaster

Zetamaster S

ZetaSizer 1000

ZetaSizer 2000

ZetaSizer 3000

ZetaSizer 4000

ZetaSizer 5000

4700 with PCS78

4.81

LastPoint Function

Application
Results information from Size record.

Syntax
LastPoint

Notes
Returns the last data channel used in a Size analysis.

4.82

LCase$ Function

Application
String function.

Syntax
LCase(string$)

Notes
This function returns a string with all upper case characters in string$ translated to lower case.

Lower case characters are not affected.

Zetasizer Basic reference

MAN 0179

Page 4.35

Artisan Scientific - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisan-scientific.com

Summary of Contents for Zetasizer Series

Page 1: ...t Service Center Repairs Experienced Engineers and Technicians on staff in our State of the art Full Service In House Service Center Facility InstraView Remote Inspection Remotely inspect equipment be...

Page 2: ...nual Number MAN 0179 Issue 1 0 February 1997 Malvern Instruments Ltd 1997 Spring Lane South Malvern Worcs WR14 1XZ Telephone 44 0 1684 892456 Fax 44 0 1684 892789 Artisan Scientific Quality Instrument...

Page 3: ...therefore disclaim all liability for any changes errors or omissions after the date of publication No reproduction or transmission of any part of this publication is allowed without the express writt...

Page 4: ...d running programs 2 11 2 10 1 Running a program 2 12 2 10 2 Assigning Programs to Keys and Menu 2 12 2 11 Program Errors 2 12 2 11 1 Basic Errors 2 13 CHAPTER 3 3 1 Introduction 3 1 3 2 Writing page...

Page 5: ...apsedTime Function 4 22 4 43 ElectroMobility 4 22 4 44 Else Command 4 22 4 45 Enable Command 4 22 4 46 Else Command 4 23 4 47 End Command 4 23 4 48 EndAngle 4 23 4 49 Error Function 4 24 4 50 Execute...

Page 6: ...0 4 98 Mid Function 4 41 4 99 Mie Function 4 41 4 100 Mload Command 4 42 4 101 Mobility Function 4 42 4 102 MobilityChannels Function 4 43 4 103 MolecularWeight 4 43 4 104 Move x y 4 43 4 105 Mprint C...

Page 7: ...ing 4 61 4 153 StartAngle 4 61 4 154 Step 4 61 4 155 StoreChannel 4 61 4 156 Str Function 4 62 4 157 StrCmp Command 4 62 4 158 TextAlign 4 62 4 159 TextColour 4 63 4 160 Then 4 63 4 161 TimeArray 4 63...

Page 8: ...200 RadiusofGyration 4 73 4 201 ZimmFitorder 4 73 4 202 ZimmError 4 73 4 203 Zerowidth 4 73 4 204 Zeta Command Function 4 74 4 205 ZetaPotential 4 76 4 206 ZetaValue Function 4 76 4 207 ZetaVar Funct...

Page 9: ...MAN0179 Page 6 Zetasizer 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 4700 Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 10: ...CHAPTER 1 Introduction to this manual Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 11: ...Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 12: ...1 3 Asumed information Within this manual the Zetasizer system will be referred to as the Zetasizer or the system unless the information given is for a particular instrument Within this manual BASIC w...

Page 13: ...button Click to carry out an action A typical button is shown below Option Button or Radio Button A series of buttons in a group selecting one button cancels the others in the group A radio button is...

Page 14: ...er 3 explains how to write page description programs for views and reports These views and reports can then be allocated to the View menu Chapter 4 Chapter 4 is the main section of the manual This sec...

Page 15: ...CHAPTER 2 Introduction to Zetasizer basic Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 16: ...Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 17: ...g block of a program is the statement This is a single instruction to perform some action A line in the program may contain more than one statement Any statements on a line must be separated by colons...

Page 18: ...cks of programs The building blocks of Basic program statements are Commands The commands cause actions such as measure print etc They also provide means of controlling the program by repeating loops...

Page 19: ...e language includes a function Int which removes the part after the decimal point For example Int 2 54 returns the value 2 Numerical values are stored to single precision giving 6 significant figures...

Page 20: ...must be declared before use 2 5 Arrays An array is a group of values referred to by a single name The individual values in the array are referred to by an index number For example MyData could be an...

Page 21: ...ions consist of l Constants and variables l Functions returning numerical or text values l Operators Expressions may be used in every place where a single constant or variable could be used For exampl...

Page 22: ...side of these operators must resolve to values in the range 0 to 65535 For example 211 112 80 211 53 112 80 211 112 243 2 7 Control Structures The simple progress from line to line of a program is ve...

Page 23: ...Then is executed if true and ignored if false Note that the commands after the Then must all be on one line The enter key should be pressed after Pause 5 enter key We could go on in this way adding c...

Page 24: ...t Report End if This general form If expression Then command command Else command command End if executes the first block of commands if the expression is true and the second block if false 2 7 2 Subr...

Page 25: ...to find the maximum value Avoid changing the value of counter within the loop Changing the loop counter is poor programming practice it can make the program more difficult to read and debug The counte...

Page 26: ...se you any practical problems You can see from the above examples that it would be easy in complex structures to lose track of the match between For and its corresponding Next or between the parts of...

Page 27: ...program If you intend to write a program that controls the Zetasizer measurements or process sample records you may find it convenient to record the basic outline of the program There are two modes o...

Page 28: ...the end of the Control menu An assigned program can be run either by selecting the entry from the Control menu or by using the function keys F5 to F8 or those keys in combination with the control and...

Page 29: ...e X Int N 1 2 Correct to X Int N 1 2 No expression present A value was expected Equals sign expected The line is interpreted as beginning with a variable name but does not have a value assigned This o...

Page 30: ...g For must end with a corresponding Next The error is most easily caused when nesting several levels of For Next loops or when code has been cut and pasted incorrectly Too many nested GOSUBS When you...

Page 31: ...Z Change to Move 10 I 1 J No such variable A variable name is not recognised The variable has not been assigned For example For I 1 To 3 X I 5 A Next Correct to A 3 For I 1 To 3 X I 5 A Next END IF e...

Page 32: ...1 NwX Math domain error You have used a Math function with an illegal expression For example the following will give an error when calculating Log 0 For I 0 To 10 Y Log I Next Terminated by User You...

Page 33: ...CHAPTER 3 Designing pages and reports Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 34: ...Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 35: ...ription on the program so that the program is easy to read and debug should any errors occur A comment line starts with an apostrophe character A table or report program should start by defining the a...

Page 36: ...u are editing will be shown on screen A screen ruler can be switched on using the Options Rulers command to help you position items on the table or report The program is saved using the editor s File...

Page 37: ...CHAPTER 4 Zetasizer Basic reference Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 38: ...Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 39: ...Command Comm Command Common Command Copy Command Corr Command Cos Function CountsPerSec Function CountsPerST Function CurrentTime Function D Data Function DataType Function DateFormat Command Dde Com...

Page 40: ...pe Function L LastPoint Function LCase Function Left Function Len Function Line Command LineColour Command LineTo Command Ln Function Load Command Log Function LTrim Function M MAddSelect Command Mcal...

Page 41: ...ction Residuals Return Rg Right Function RTrim Function Run RunMode S Sample Time Save Command ScaledCount ScanAngle ScanDuration ScanQ Function ScanType Select Command Set Command Setup Command Setup...

Page 42: ...ion ZetaPotential Function ZetaSpectrum ZetaVar ZimmError Function ZimmFitOrder Function ZimmNumConcs ZimmNumAngles ZimmNumPoints ZimmAngle Function ZimmQ Function ZimmResidual ZimmIntensity Function...

Page 43: ...a records Syntax AChannel Notes AChannel monitor counts of current selected record ie the total number of photon detections processed by the correlator 4 4 ACOS Function Application Mathematical Funct...

Page 44: ...hich must take the values of 0 2 or 4 If no parameters are supplied Cumulants is used as the default method and default values of the parameters are assumed Analysis multimodal Analysis Contin Analysi...

Page 45: ...ction Syntax Asin number Notes This function returns the angle in radians of which the sine equals the number The value returned is in the range Pi to Pi The value of number must be in the range 1 0 t...

Page 46: ...ers supplied as text Case is ignored Asm File filename Download filename must have extension asf from disk to the autosampler and run it Examples of useful programs follow wash asf Cleans sample syste...

Page 47: ...rogram wash asf asm wai wait for display END to signify wash complete asm dil 5 4 take the sample in row 1 dilute it 4 times into successive rows of the same column Repeat over the first 5 columns siz...

Page 48: ...Beep Command Application Command to alert the user Syntax Beep Notes This command will cause an audible tone to sound Use this to draw attention to an alert box dialogue or input 4 15 Box Function App...

Page 49: ...ntly in menu 4 18 CalcZimm Command Application Calculates the Molecular weight Radius of gyration and virial coefficients for a group of selected records of the appropriate type ie an existing Zimm pl...

Page 50: ...delimeter Comm timeout time_out Comm clear Delimiter delimeter Specifies end of line character for comms input The number delimeter specifies the ASCII value of the delimiter text Timeout time_value...

Page 51: ...contents of the system string buffer to the clipboard See Print String for details Copy Link Runs a Macro program that places selected information in a DDE link to another application See Chapter 4 fo...

Page 52: ...e Size Set correlator size in channels 64 128 256 Dilation Set dilation factor 1 15 7032 only Delay Set delay to far point 0 4096 in steps of 16 This is applicable to the 7032 only Duration Set experi...

Page 53: ...t Clock 0 Turns off the test clock 1 25 KHz 2 200 KHz 3 5 MHz Example Example of correlator control using correlator commands corr divide 1 corr duration 200 corr sampletime 23 corr live 1 corr clear...

Page 54: ...nts of the A monitor divided by the total number of correlator samples taken to get that count This is the value of the value stored in the current record and so does NOT reflect the current value mon...

Page 55: ...g Fringe spacing for Zeta analysis data Dielectric Dielectric constant data CellSpacing Distance between electrodes mm data RFReal Real Refractive index of sample data RFImag Imaginary Refractive inde...

Page 56: ...xchanged with other Windows programs through Dynamic Data Exchange DDE conversation_number is the number of the conversation and takes integer values between 1 and 5 The PCS software allows 5 DDE conv...

Page 57: ...1 to numchannels a str StoreChannel i F R Str i C1 DDE Poke 3 F a next DDE Terminate 3 4 36 Delay Function Application Result and data information from Size records Syntax Delay Notes The delay perio...

Page 58: ...llow the convention for other variables Only the first 30 characters are significant and the name must start with an alphabetic character Arrays may not be redimensioned after they have been declared...

Page 59: ...ter_keyword value Changes the value rameter_keyword to the value of v For a list of valid values of parameter_keyword see the Data command Example Edit Angle 45 alter the angle parameter of the curren...

Page 60: ...evel access_level Enable Smoothing on_off cutoff_value Notes Enable RefBeam on_off Turns reference beam on or off according to whether the value of on_off is 1 or 0 respectively This is applicable to...

Page 61: ...e When code in subroutines is placed at the end of the file End prevents the program running on into the subroutine For the use of End If see If Then Else End If Example Measure Sequence GoSub 1000 En...

Page 62: ...name and file name of the application max_number_instances is the maximum number of allowed instances of the program that may be run If there are more currently running when this command is run then t...

Page 63: ...the Setup Table dialog to see the list of colours Note that for the standard VGA screen colours numbered 16 and onwards are created by dithering and may give undesirable effects when the text is draw...

Page 64: ...he maximum value of the index i in the three former functions 4 59 FitOrder Function Application Results information for sizing records Syntax Fitorder Notes The order of fit used in an electrophoresi...

Page 65: ...xpression1 To expression2 Step expression3 Next Notes The counter variable is set to the value of expression1 The program lines following the For statement are executed until the Next statement is enc...

Page 66: ...nnels 4 65 Frequency Function Application Results information for Zeta records Syntax Frequency f Notes Returns the amplitude of the Fourier transform of the current electrophoresis record at frequenc...

Page 67: ...rature returns system temperature value Get Wavelength returns system Wavelength value Get Conductivity returns system Conductivity value Get CalibrationConst returns system CalibrationConst value Get...

Page 68: ...Gosub label Notes The program operation temporarily jumps to the subroutine at the line starting with the label label The use of subroutines allows you to repeat program lines which are needed in more...

Page 69: ...he x axis scales automatically for the graph specified by graph_type If y_scale 0 then the y axis scales automatically for the graph specified by graph_type Graph Scaling graph_typex_log y_log if x_lo...

Page 70: ...pression Then command_expression If expression Then Else End If Notes The If construct takes two forms If the single line form is used the command_expression is executed if expression is true In the b...

Page 71: ...og Input Filevar1 var2 Reads var1 var2 from the file opened by the File command Note that the variables can be numeric or string type Strings are comma delimited Input Comm string Reads string from RS...

Page 72: ...on Application Mathematical function Syntax Int x Notes Returns the whole number part of the number n This is useful for the counter in For Next loops 4 78 Intensity Function Application Results infor...

Page 73: ...000 17 4700 with PCS78 18 4 81 LastPoint Function Application Results information from Size record Syntax LastPoint Notes Returns the last data channel used in a Size analysis 4 82 LCase Function Appl...

Page 74: ...es This function returns the number of characters in the string string Examples A Len A 2 4 85 Line Command Application Page graphics For use in pages only Syntax Line x1 y1 x2 y2 Notes Draws line fro...

Page 75: ...LineTo Command Application Page graphics For use in pages only Syntax LineTo x y Notes Draw line from current position to x y and sets current position at x y 4 88 Ln Function Application Mathematical...

Page 76: ...Syntax LTrim String Notes Returns a string with all leading space tab and other non printing characters of String removed 4 92 MAddSelect Command Application File system command Syntax MAddSelect i N...

Page 77: ...UpperAngle Measure Multiple Number_measures Measure Capscan n Measure Inspect b Measure Setup Notes Measure Delay hours minutes seconds Set delay time between measurements defined in hours minutes and...

Page 78: ...e or zeta mode Measure AngleLowerAngle UpperAngle Set lower and upper limits for an angle scan in size mode Measure Multiple Number_measures Do ACCF measurement with Number_measures sub measures If Nu...

Page 79: ...ring start n Notes This function returns a string with n characters of string starting at character start An error is issued if start is beyond the end of string If n is greater that the number of cha...

Page 80: ...le ImageRI Imaginary refractive index of sample Polarization Polarization of incident light 0 unpolarised 1 horizontal 2 vertical 4 100 Mload Command Application File and record management Syntax MLoa...

Page 81: ...ebye scan The result is in AMU 4 104 Move x y Application Page graphics and text Syntax Move x y Notes Moves the current anchor position for lines boxes or text to position x y on the table page or re...

Page 82: ...n be analysed using MCalculate or printed using MPrint saved or loaded using MSave MLoad If no parameters are supplied then the relevant records list dialogue box is opened Mtransfer Transfers data fr...

Page 83: ...Application Data information from Intensity record Syntax NumScans Notes Returns number of scans in current intensity record 4 112 NumSizes Application Results information from Size record Syntax Num...

Page 84: ...or 8 stop_bits Number of stop bits Valid values are 0 1 or 2 handshaking Flow control Valid values are 0 none 1 XOn XOff or 2 Hardware If any parameter is omitted then a default will be supplied from...

Page 85: ...ogram is suspended for time in seconds Other Windows programs can run during the pause unless the program is in Exclusive mode Examples Print status About to open valve Pause 5 4 118 Peak Command Appl...

Page 86: ...distribution The value of i i must be greater than zero and less than or equal to the total number of peaks in the distribution If i is absent then the standard deviation of the complete distribution...

Page 87: ...taining the associated bitmap or metafile The availability of the particular graph will depend on the operating mode Intensity Volume Number Correlogram Fit MolecularWeight RelaxationTime and Diffusio...

Page 88: ...m of the graph window Print string The printing is sent to a global buffer which can be used for DDE operations Use Delete string to empty the string before use Each call appends information to Copy s...

Page 89: ...ts string variables or quoted strings Each expression is separated by a comma The format contains information on how to format each item in the expression list and must not exceed 255 characters in le...

Page 90: ...ter in format strings In combination with another character they form escape sequences to produce non printable characters r the carriage return character Chr 13 n the new line character Chr 10 the do...

Page 91: ...dNumber Function Application File and record management Syntax RecordNumber Notes The record number of the current record from the Live buffer or the current file for disk based data 4 129 Reference F...

Page 92: ...eturned 4 134 RTrim Function Application String command Syntax RTrim String Notes Returns a string with all trailing space tab and other non printing characters of String removed 4 135 Run Application...

Page 93: ...Print Dialog Example Runmode 1 0 4 137 SampleTime Application Data information for Size and Zeta record Syntax SampleTime Notes Correlator sample time in microseconds from current record 4 138 Save C...

Page 94: ...an Intensity record Syntax ScanQ i Notes ScanQ i returns the square of the wavevector associated with the ith measurement of an angle scan The wavevector is related to the angle by the following Wave...

Page 95: ...Command Application Set data variables in current record Syntax Setnote1string Set note2 string Set note3 string Set Timearray iChannel value Set StoreChannel iChannel value Set TotalSamples value Set...

Page 96: ...buttons buttons dialog Setup program assign program dialog Setup printer printer setup dialog Setup key setup key dialog Setup page setup page options 4 147 Setuptable Command Application Configure u...

Page 97: ...te of analysis ResultTime time of analysis Duration duration of measurement countrate countrate of measurement ZAve Z average mean of measurement Poly Polydispersity Zeta Mean Zeta potential Width Wid...

Page 98: ...iselevel noise_level Notes Simulate start simulate_zeta Puts the software into simulation mode If simulate_zeta is greater than zero then the input functions are simulated too that is artifical values...

Page 99: ...correlator can only generate channels at certain integer delay times the actual channel chosen will be the nearest integer greater than the previous channel multiplied by this spacing 4 155 StartAngl...

Page 100: ...tionship The comparison made is based on the current language selected by the user at setup or the Control Panel The comparison is case sensitive The value return is 1 String1 String2 0 String1 String...

Page 101: ...xt will show through Examples TextColour 0 Black text TextColour 15 0 white on black Text colour i j textcolour text background The colour numbers should be in the range 0 to 32 4 162 Then Part of the...

Page 102: ...ase characters in String translated to upper case 4 168 Use Command Application File and record management Syntax Use Buffer Use Size Notes Specifies whether source of records is from the buffer or us...

Page 103: ...View correlogram View relaxationtime View molecularweight View diffusion View userlogtable View userlogplot Zeta mode View details View log View current View fringemodel View mobility View frequency V...

Page 104: ...es This returns the third virial coefficient of the current record providing it was analysed as a Zimm plot 4 174 Volume Application Results information for Size record Syntax Volume i Notes Volume i...

Page 105: ...fic format must have 4 characters and must have only one charater before the decimal point For example we show the result of displaying hte number 123 4567 with variaous formats Format Result 123 456...

Page 106: ...he current printer page in mm 4 179 Xpos Function Application Report current position in page program For use with page program only Syntax XPos Notes Returns the current x horizontal position in mm o...

Page 107: ...ectrum allows the exclusion of spectra with no physical significance 4 184 ZAnal2 Application Results information for Zeta record Syntax ZAnal2 Notes Returns the upper zeta potential limit used in the...

Page 108: ...es This function the mean or average Zeta Potential of the Zeta potential distribution 4 189 ZetaSpectrum Application Result information from current Zeta record Syntax ZetaSpectrum z Notes ZetaSpectr...

Page 109: ...r the fit is first or second order respectively 4 193 ZimmNumConcs Application Data information for intensity record Syntax ZimmNumConcs Notes Returns the number of concentrations used in the Zimm Sca...

Page 110: ...particular point on a Zimm plot 4 198 ZimmResidual Application Returns residual of a particular point on a Zimm plot Syntax ZimmResidual Notes Returns residual of a particular point on a Zimm plot The...

Page 111: ...Square root of sum of squares of residuals 4 204 Zerowidth Application System information for Zeta mode Syntax ZeroWidth Notes Zero field width from last Zeta potential analysis Expressed in Hz 4 205...

Page 112: ...easurement Institute current regulation mode Current in mA must be between 0 and 19 99 typically 5 i 1 DC 2 DC 3 AC Zeta Start Start Zetsizer optics measuring in selected mode In size mode this comman...

Page 113: ...requencies less than the modulator positively charged ones greater ModFreqA negative sign reverses this condition Zeta OnTime The electrophoresis cell is ON for the period specified in modulator cycle...

Page 114: ...d Syntax ZetaVar Notes Returns the width of the current zeta potential distribution 4 209 Zlower Function Application Data information from Zeta record Syntax Zlower Notes Lower Zeta limit used for da...

Page 115: ...CHAPTER 5 Advanced Features Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 116: ...Artisan Scientific Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisan scientific com...

Page 117: ...interprocess communication a Macro program run from the PCS application is in charge of the transfer It can run the server application and uses special transfer statements to send string data to that...

Page 118: ...et1 k 0 initialise row counter for z 0 to 40 step 2 Range of zeta values initialise a then append zeta spectrum value to it a print a using zetavalue z k k 1 b Clear b and append the row and column st...

Page 119: ...annels print file using n TimeArray i StoreChannel i next print file using Far Point M C n MeasFarPoint CalcfarPoint end The program begins typically with comments describing its function A file corrf...

Page 120: ...394969 768 394878 832 394742 896 395195 960 395048 1024 395113 Far Point M 394938 C 394978 Improvements that could be considered could include allowing the user to enter the filename by including an i...

Page 121: ...s of suitable extent to contain the data generated by the program above 24 rows of 2 columns for the example given and press Paste Link The selected space in the spreadsheet should be filled with the...

Page 122: ...trol mode by which commands are received over an RS232 link Such commands are text based and in fact consist of statements in the Macro control language Often they will consist of requests to a run a...

Page 123: ...t Service Center Repairs Experienced Engineers and Technicians on staff in our State of the art Full Service In House Service Center Facility InstraView Remote Inspection Remotely inspect equipment be...

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