Ludlum Measurements 2241-2, Manual

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Model 2241-2RK Technical Manual
Section 6
Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Page 6-11 July 2012
up to a couple thousand rem. However, there is no evidence of increased
cancers or other health problems arising from these high natural levels.
Manmade Radiation
Ionizing radiation is also generated in a range of medical, commercial, and
industrial activities. The most familiar and, in national terms, the largest of
these sources of exposure is medical X-rays.
Natural radiation contributes about 88% of the annual dose to the
population, and medical procedures most of the remaining 12%. Natural
and artificial radiations are not different in kind or effect.
Protection from Radiation
Radiation is very easily detected. There is a range of simple, sensitive
instruments capable of detecting minute amounts of radiation from natural
and man-made sources. There are three ways in which people are protected
from identified radiation sources:
1.
Limiting time:
For people who are exposed to radiation in
addition to natural background radiation through their work, the
dose is reduced and the risk of illness essentially eliminated by
limiting exposure time. Proper job planning is essential in
achieving lowest exposure time. Always plan for the unexpected
to eliminate delays in the exposure area.
2.
Distance:
In the same way that heat from a fire is less the
further away you are, so the intensity of radiation decreases with
distance from its source. Distance is the easiest, fastest, and
most practical way to limit exposure.
3.
Shielding:
Barriers of lead, concrete or water give good
protection from penetrating radiation such as gamma rays.
Highly radioactive materials are therefore often stored or
handled under water, or by remote control in rooms constructed
of thick concrete, or lined with lead.