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The Algorithms and Their Parameters

The Modulation row, which is the same for every algorithm, contains the
parameters for the PCM 91's internal modulation sources. Use the Patch row to
assign these modulators to any PCM 91 effect parameter.

Mod: LFO1 and Mod:LFO2
Four parameters are available: Shape, P Width, Depth, and Rate.

Shape allows you to select the wave shape which will be used when "LFO" is
selected as a patch Source. The choices are:

Sine
Cosine
Square
Sawtooth
Pulse
Triangle
Random (outputs a new value on each cycle of the LFO)

P Width determines the proportion of each pulse wave cycle for which the LFO
is on (1-99%). For example, setting P Width to 50% means that the LFO is on
for half of its cycle. The effect of this control will only be heard if you are using
the Pulse shape.

Depth scales the output of the LFO from 0 to 100%. This control affects the
output of the LFO only. It has no effect on the outputs of the individual
waveforms.

Rate sets the speed (0-10Hz) at which the LFO cycles. It can be set in time
values (such as 1.5Hz) or in tempo values (such as 3:2 cycles per beat).
Simultaneously pressing Up and Tempo will toggle these two display options.

Note: The PCM 91 allows six LFO shapes (sine, cosine, sawtooth, triangle,
square and pulse) or a random shape to be selected as patch sources, as well
as the LFO itself. All of these are generated by a single LFO, and are controlled
by the single Rate control. When "LFO1" is selected, for example, as a patch
source, the output will be the Shape selected here. The amplitude of the LFO
output is controlled by Depth. Both Shape and Depth are available as patch
destinations and can be controlled externally. Shape, Pulse Width, Depth, and
Rate are all available as patch destination parameters, and can be controlled
externally.

See Patching in Chapter 2.

Shape, Rate and Depth can be controlled by a patch.

Modulation

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Summary of Contents for PCM 91

Page 1: ...User Guide Digital Reverberator PCM 91 ...

Page 2: ...du Canada After unpacking the PCM 91 save all packing materials in case you ever need to ship the unit Thoroughly inspect the PCM 91 and packing materials for signs of damage Report any shipment damage to the carrier at once report equipment malfunction to your dealer CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN This triangle which appears on your component alerts you to the pres ence of uninsulated...

Page 3: ...User Guide Digital Reverberator PCM 91 ...

Page 4: ...iittävän korkea aiheuttamaan sähköiskuvaaran Norsk Viktig informasjon om sikkerhet Ta vare på denne veiledningen for senere bruk Følg alle anvisningene og advarslene som er angitt på apparatet Apparatet skal alltid anvendes med korrekt spenning Produktbeskrivelsen inneholder spesifikasjoner for strømkrav Vær oppmerksom på at det ved ulike driftsspenninger kan være nødvendig å bruke en annen lednin...

Page 5: ...es Gardez ces instructions pour réference future Observez toutes les instructions et tous les avertissements marqués sur l appareil Branchez uniquements sur un réseau de tension indiquée Consultez le manuel d instruction du fabriquant pour les spécifications de courant N oubliez pas que différentes tensions peuvent nécessiter l utilisation de cables et ou de fiches de connexion différents N instal...

Page 6: ...ob 2 23 The Soft Row 2 24 Compare 2 25 Bypass 2 25 Store operations 2 26 Turning Memory Protection On Storing an Effect Renaming the Effect Selecting a Bank and Register Location The Full Edit Matrix 2 28 Creating a Soft Row Patching 2 31 About Sources The Patch Row Assigning a Source Patch Sources Assigning a Destination Assigning Values Jump Patching Examples 2 35 Creating a patch with default v...

Page 7: ...er 3 14 Matrix Chamber 3 15 Cascade Reverbs 3 16 Chamber Room2 3 16 Inverse Chamber 3 17 Room2 Chamber 3 18 Inverse Room2 3 19 The Parameters 3 20 Compress 3 20 Controls 3 21 Custom 3 22 Delay 3 24 Design 3 24 Echo 3 26 Expand 3 26 Modulation 3 27 Patches 3 32 Reflect 3 33 Spatial EQ 3 33 Time 3 34 4 The Presets Program Bank 0 Halls 4 2 Orchestral 0 0 0 9 4 2 Vocal 1 0 1 9 4 3 Live Sound 2 0 2 9 4...

Page 8: ...ocal 2 0 2 9 4 35 Drums Perc 3 0 3 9 4 36 Custom 4 0 4 9 4 37 Program Bank 7 Post 4 38 Small Spaces 0 0 0 9 4 38 Medium Spaces 1 0 1 9 4 39 Large Spaces 2 0 2 9 4 40 Cool Places 3 0 3 9 4 40 Custom 4 0 4 9 4 41 Program Bank 8 Surround 4 43 Small Spaces 0 0 0 9 4 43 Large Spaces 1 0 1 9 4 43 Unnatural FX 2 0 2 9 4 44 Custom 3 0 3 9 4 45 Clean Slate Algorithms 4 0 4 9 4 46 5 MIDI Operation Selecting...

Page 9: ...IDI Clock and Clock Commands Dynamic MIDI Bulk Data Dumps 5 8 MIDI Implementation Chart 5 9 6 Troubleshooting Low Voltage 6 1 Overheating 6 1 Common MIDI Problems 6 1 Operational Problems 6 2 Power On Behavior 6 3 Restoring Factory Default Settings 6 3 Reinitialization 6 4 7 Specifications Contents cont d ...

Page 10: ...h have been tagged Press Program Banks or Register Banks repeatedly to step through all available banks and then to the KeyWord display The default KeyWord selection A to Z allows you to view all of the presets in alphabetical order Others allow you to view for example only Acoustic or Spatial effects Each preset has already been assigned from 1 to 4 KeyWords you can easily change these assignment...

Page 11: ...with parameters organized in an edit matrix In addition to providing this powerful sounddesign capability the PCM91alsoallowsyou tocustomize thesecontrols for your day to day editing needs or to use a subset of controls specially designed for each preset The PCM 91 has two levels of Edit Mode control called Go mode and Pro mode In Go mode the most useful parameters within an effect are grouped for...

Page 12: ...obs make program loading and editing quick and easy We ve even designed in a special Info mode press and hold any button to find out what its function is orto getstatus information such asthe name ofthe running effect currenttempo rate etc To get the most out ofthe PCM 91 we suggest that you invest the timeto explore this manual We think you ll agree that the time spent investigating will reward y...

Page 13: ...1 1 Product Overview 1 Product Overview Block Diagram ...

Page 14: ...Store Initiates register store function Edit Enables parameter selection for editing of values Compare Active in Program Register and Edit modes Press to com paretheactive version of the current effect with the most recently stored version Control Enables selection of system and global pa rameters Bypass Bypasses or mutes audio depending on the setting of each program s bypass pa rameter Tempo Pre...

Page 15: ...orm to CP 340 Type II and IEC 958 consumer standards Only one of these options AES or S PDIF may be selected for input Input Level 2 position In Out switchfor matching in put gain to the source beingused Inposition adds 20dB of input gain unbalanced to the input stages Out position provides 0dB of gain balanced Balanced Inputs Combined 3 pole XLR and 1 4 jacks elec tronically balanced Input impeda...

Page 16: ...re balanced connections using high quality low capacitance controlled impedance data communication twisted shielded pair cable Microphone cable may introduce a significant amount of jitter into the signal causing distortion Dual Footswitch Foot Controller One 1 4 inch T R S phone jack is provided for 2 momentary footswitches Another 1 4 inch T R S phone jack is provided for a footpedal minimum 100...

Page 17: ...dio Input and Output MIDI In 5 pin DIN Standard MIDI Interface MIDI Out MIDI Thru Footswitch Foot Controller One 1 4 inch T R S phone jack is provided for 2 momentary footswitches Another 1 4 inch T R S phone jack is provided for a footpedal minimum 100Ω to maximum 10k impedance Normally open or normally closed momentary switches are suitable At power on the PCM 81 assumes the switch is off Use sh...

Page 18: ...er in each algorithm Headroom Display The headroom display provides both headroom and overload information from a variety of measurement points The meters display analog or digital input data depending on the selected Audio Input Source Control mode 0 0 Thechart belowillustratesthe adjustment rangethat willset input levels forboth balanced and unbalanced operation When a choice can be made it is b...

Page 19: ...op of the column without lighting the overload indicators An occasional large signal peak causing momentary flashing of the overload indicator is acceptable in most instances but should be validated by listening to the actual result 6 Turn ADJUST to select Dig The display will show any valid digital format which is properly connected to the PCM 91 rear panel digital input Setting Analog Output Lev...

Page 20: ... strips panned full left and right ratherthan totheeffects returns Thisallowsthe greatest flexibility inrouting and equalization In this configuration the console controls are used to set the amount of effect heard thePCM91 sMIX controlshouldbesetfor100 wet To assigna global MIX setting 1 Press Control 2 Press Up or Down until 1 x is displayed in the lower left of the display and System is display...

Page 21: ...ly your effects but complete PCM 91 environ ments to another PCM 91 Cards also provide storage for additional program maps and effect chains See Control Mode Store and Load functions for details on saving setups on a card and reloading them Memory cards must be of the following type PCMCIA SRAM Memory Card 68 pin Type I Usable densities 64 kByte 128 kByte 256 kByte 1 MByte Cards larger than 1MByte...

Page 22: ...Lexicon 1 10 PCM 91 User Guide ...

Page 23: ...l of access to all of the functions and parameters in the PCM 91 Press ProgramBanksrepeatedly toaccess five banksof 50factory presets anda KeyWord modewhereprogramscan beviewedaccordingto type The PCM 91 s KeyWord function is activated in Control mode Press Register Banks repeatedly to access two banks of 50 memory locations called registers where you can store your customized effects Memorycardsc...

Page 24: ...ad is active and depending on the mode will load effects or display additional parameters when pressed Go or Pro The PCM 91 offers a choice between two levels of Edit mode parameter access We call these Go mode and Pro mode Go mode makes use of an extra row in the edit mode matrix called the Soft Row where you can assign as many as 10 effect parameters or Custom Controls for easy access Selecting ...

Page 25: ...rrent status information Displays the current tempo and the clock source MIDI or Internal Displays the currently loaded effect name bank and matrix location In Program Banks or Register Banks mode simultaneously press and release both buttons to display the last ten effects loaded The PCM 91 allows you to review the last ten effects loaded This is useful when you want to return to an effect you we...

Page 26: ... or Int 44 1kHz When either analog rate is selected the digital input is disabled To process audio from the digital input you must select Ext When External clock is selected and the PCM 91 detects valid digital audio the rate of the external word clock will be displayed with a label indicating the digital audio format type Prf Professional or Cns Consumer also called S PDIF Simultaneously press Up...

Page 27: ...ion along with the status of the Emphasis bit s in the incoming audio signal If the PCM 91 has lost lock the display message will indicate No Lock and parenthetically show the internal clock rate now in use Error Log The following errors are continuously logged and are available for review by pressing Load from the Dig In Status display and using ADJUST to scroll through the error list Validity A ...

Page 28: ...nput Source display This will cause the PCM 91 to attempt to lock to the current external source and will reset the Error Log The log is also cleared on power up and whenever it relocks Auto Lock On 0 1 SCMS Digital audio signals in order to comply with copyright standards are encoded withcontrol information which canlimit theabilitytocopyaudio data Thiscontrol information is generally known as SC...

Page 29: ...n a mix In such a case you can use this control to set all PCM 91 effects to 100 wet When shipped the PCM 91 has the Mix Mode set to Pgm This setting determines that effects will be loaded with their stored Mix settings and allows the individual Mix controls in the edit matrix of each effect to be adjusted from 0 100 Wet To set a global Mix value use ADJUST to select Global press Load to display t...

Page 30: ... setting OutputMute Mutes the output Audio signals are still being fed to the PCM 91 so processed audio returns immediately when Bypass is turned off Bypass Completely bypasses the PCM 91 passing unproc essed audio directly through to the outputs To assign an external controller to perform the selected bypass function press Load to display Bypass Src Use ADJUST to select a footswitch or any MIDI c...

Page 31: ...y will appear after the last bank Press Control to jump to Control mode where you can use ADJUST to select a different KeyWord for sorting Press Program Banks or Register Banks to return to the KeyWord display resorted according to your new selection MostKeyWords except forUser1 4 whichare reserved foryour use havebeen assigned to several presets KeyWords are assigned to effects in Edit mode See E...

Page 32: ... in this case Preset Bank 0 into internal Register Bank R0 The display will ask Are you sure Press STORE Press any button to cancel Press Store to complete the store operation 2 1 Load This control is provided for future enhancement It will allow you to load audio software from a Memory Card simply by inserting the new card and responding to the display prompts The PCM 91 can also share registers ...

Page 33: ...ADJUST to select a new character at the location marked by the cursor Turn SELECT to move the cursor to another position Press Store twice to execute 2 4 Labels This control allows you to rename Register bank and row labels Any changes made here are executed immediately To rename bank and row labels press StoreanduseADJUSTtodisplayanybank PressLoad toaccessthenaming function for the selected bank ...

Page 34: ...vailable as subparameters in each location Pgm will load the next higher effect in the current bank map or chain Pgm will load the next lower effect You can select the following sources to activate Pgm and Pgm Off Footswitch 1 Footswitch 2 MIDI Controller 119 On Program Change messages 0 49 correspond to PCM 91 Effects 0 0 4 9 in the current bank Program Change messages 50 127 are ignored The curr...

Page 35: ...ogram decrement Once you have selected Chain press Load to display MIDI Pgm Change 3 3 Chain MIDI MIDI Pgm Change 3 3 Chain 3 3 4 Automation This control is provided to allow one PCM 91 to act as a master for any number of slaved PCM 91s Select On to have values resulting from front panel operations sent out as SysEx messages Press Load to select the ID 0 126 or All of the target PCM 91 s Automati...

Page 36: ...lows SysEx messages to be received by the PCM 91 Press Load to select device ID 0 126 3 8 Dump Press Store to configure the PCM 91 to execute MIDI dumps of single effects banks maps chains or setups Withtheexceptionof SetupDumps alldumps aretransmittedinPCM 90format which is also recognized by the PCM 91 You can dump from the front panel of either unit to the other As the PCM 90 has only five Bank...

Page 37: ...ss Load to cycle through the selections Memory Card selections will only appear when an appropriate card is inserted Control Mode Matrix Location System Parameter Default Setting Audio 0 0 Input Source Analog 48kHz 0 1 SCMS Multi Copy 0 2 Emphasis Bit Pass Thru 0 3 Output Level 4dBu System 1 0 Edit Mode Go 1 1 Mix Mode Pgm Global Mix Value 100 Wet 1 2 Tempo Mode Pgm Global Tempo Value 120 BPM 1 3 ...

Page 38: ... To change assignments set Pgm with ADJUST press Load to move the to Chain and set it with ADJUST You cannot assign more than one chain MIDI Chain Pgm Assign Pgm 3 Chain 3 Chain 0 9 Use SELECT to choose a chain Once a chain is selected any PCM 91 program or register can be assigned to any link in the chain Press Load to move the from Link to the Bank ID to the program number Depending on the field...

Page 39: ...d TheBankID P0 P8 matrixlocation programname and bank and row labels are all displayed All PCM 91 programs have one or more parameters patched to the ADJUST knob In Program Banks or Register Banks mode turn ADJUST to change the sound of the currently running effect While ADJUST is turned the patch name and value are displayed Custom Controls allow you to create additional group parameter controls ...

Page 40: ...fect is press and hold Program Banks or Register Banks An Info message will be displayed providing the name of the currently running effect as well as the algorithm from which it is derived To select an effect stored in a register press Register Banks If you have registers stored on a memory card and have the card inserted pressing Register Banks repeatedly will cycle through all of your stored ba...

Page 41: ...gories cover a wide variety of effect types To select a different KeyWord for sorting go to Control 1 8 If you are in the KeyWord section of the Program Banks or Register Banks mode pressing Control will jump you directly to this location Turn ADJUST to select any KeyWord from the list Now when you return to Program Banks or Register Banks mode the display of programs will be limited to those whic...

Page 42: ... be easily changed in a variety of useful ways Tempo Rate can be set internally orvia MIDI If TempoSource is set toInternal you can dial in any tempo from 40 400 BPM at location 0 0 in the Tempo mode matrix Alternatively you can press the front panel Tap button twice in rhythm to establish the rate you want or you can have the value of a patch source act as a tap trigger See Patching The tap funct...

Page 43: ...e here the tempo will be 120 eighth notes per minute If you select quarter note here the tempo will be 120 quarter notes per minute The factory default is quarter note 0 2 Source You can choose to have tempo determined by the PCM 91 Tap and Rate controls Internal or by MIDI Clock When MIDI Clock is selected as the tempo source Tap actsas areset setting thedownbeatof theLFO andthe time based switch...

Page 44: ...Source allows you to assign the Tap function to any of the PCM 91 s Internal MIDI or MIDI controllers as listed under Patching Tap Level allows you to set the level at which the Tap function is triggered 1 2 Average This control allows you to average the last 2 8 taps Higher numbers mean that the response to incoming taps will be more gradual The tempo is updated on every tap but with a value whic...

Page 45: ...the PCM 91 rear panel Foot Control ler jack you can use it to control the soft knob patch Note that no MIDI connections are required to do this To assign a foot pedal control over the soft knob patches set both Con trol mode 3 5 ADJUST and Control mode 3 5 Foot Pedal to the same MIDI Controller See Chapter 5 MIDI Operation The Soft Knob P0 0 0 Deep Blue Halls Orchestral Matrix Location Program Ban...

Page 46: ...ich have been specifically selected to provide everything you need to play with the effect This example shows the Soft Row for P0 0 0 Deep Blue An asterisk in front of a displayed parameter indicates additional parameters are available when you press Load Turn SELECT to move horizontally across the Soft Row Use ADJUST to change the value of a displayed parameter 38 3 M Design Size The Soft Row dis...

Page 47: ...pass condition off A brief display message will inform you that bypass is off Press and hold Bypass to display the current state and type of bypass Compare Whenever you edit a PCM 91 effect from the front panel the LED in the Compare button will light This lets you know that the effect has been altered since the last store operation and that the edit compare function is active Whenever this light ...

Page 48: ...e PCM 91 is shipped with its Memory Protection option off To turn Memory Protection on press Control and use Up and Down and SELECT to display matrix location 1 5 The display should read 1 5 Off System Mem Protect TurnADJUSTtoselectOn WithMemProtecton whenyoupressthefrontpanel Store button the following message will be displayed Mem Protect is on Store not active The PCM 91 will then jump to the M...

Page 49: ... of12 characters includingspaces may be used R0 0 0 available Name Deep Blue Use ADJUST to select a new character Turn SELECT to move the cursor to another position Selecting a Bank and Register Location Press Load to move the asterisk to the Register Bank ID R0 0 0 available Name Deep Blue When the asterisk is positioned in front of the Bank ID ADJUST or SELECT will scroll through the available r...

Page 50: ... displaytheseadditional parameters Each of the five PCM 91 algorithms has a unique matrix but many parameters are common to all effects and their placement within the matrix is consistent For example all parameters within a given row of any matrix are related This type of grouping is immediately apparent from the name of the row For example the Time row in any matrix will contain all of the availa...

Page 51: ...rols then the parameters in numerical order Parameters from the Controls row are assigned in order to the first locations followed by assignments from the Time row and so on As Soft Row parameters arealso labeledwith thenameof therow fromwhich theyweretaken thismakes it relatively easy to find the source parameter for any Soft Row assignment In the presets the convention of assigning Custom Contro...

Page 52: ...t Row position 0 9 for assignment For each position you can choose any effect parameter including one s you have already assigned to a Soft Row position 5 When you have arranged the Soft Row assignments as you want them press Edit to exit Soft Row Assign and return to your last position in the Edit matrix Pressing Up or Down once will also cause you to exit Soft Row Assign Another push of either o...

Page 53: ...the mix of the effect whenever you turn ADJUST You can create as many as 10 patches each with as many as 8 pairs of pivot points You can patch multiple parameters to a single controller or patch multiple Sources to a single Destination About Sources All Sources are the same in the sense that each generates an output value in the range of 0 127 The output value is used to increase or decrease the s...

Page 54: ...5 Porta On 066 Sostenuto 067 SoftPedal 068 Legato 069 Hold 2 PCM 91 Patch Sources Latch Sw 1 Sw 2 Sw 1 2 Delay S Hold Mono Lvl Left Lvl Right Lvl FootPedal Foot Sw 1 Foot Sw 2 ADJUST Custom 1 Custom 2 Custom 3 Custom 4 Tempo On Off LFO1 Sine1 Cosine1 Square1 Sawtooth1 Pulse1 Triangle1 Random1 LFO2 Sine2 Cosine2 Square2 Sawtooth2 Pulse2 Triangle2 Random2 Env L Env R Env L R AR Env MIDI P Bend A Tou...

Page 55: ... available for control with the ADJUST knob and that additional parameters are available by pressing Load The current Dst value is displayed here When you press Load again the asterisk will move to indicate that this value is available to be changed by turning ADJUST 000 Off Patch 0 Values This display allows you to assign Destination values to specific Source values These assignments are made in ...

Page 56: ...urn to the Patch row With any modulation parameter selected as a Source press Edit to jump to the Modulation row position of the Source For example if the Patch source LFO is displayed press Edit to jump to Modulation row position 0 LFO where you can edit any LFO parameter value Press Edit again to return to the Patch row From the Patch row Dst selection display Press Edit to jump to the Edit cont...

Page 57: ...he left and the parameters in that row on the right Turn ADJUST clockwise until Out Width in the effect s Controls row is displayed in the lower right corner of the display Patch 2 Dst Controls Out Width The Out Width parameter is now assigned as the patch Destination Now press Load to bring up the Values display This will show the default Destination value setting 360 Mono This is the value assig...

Page 58: ... back to your previous position in the Patch row Int LFO1 Patch 2 Src Patch 2 Values 127 360 Mono That s all there is tosetting up a default patch selecta Source and Destination and the minimum and maximum patch values are set automatically Of course you will often want to modify the patch further either by adjusting the modulationsourceparameters changing thedefaultvalues oraddingadditional pivot...

Page 59: ...alue will be altered when you turn ADJUST Patch 2 Values 000 0 MONO Next we ll want to adjust the Destination value when LFO1 is at its maximum value One way to do this is to press Load three times to cycle the to the display of the Source value and continue on from there but we ve provided a short cut Press Edit to jump to the next assigned value in our example the maximum value for LFO1 Patch 2 ...

Page 60: ...ator The Out Width value will be changing from 0 to 90 and back again Controls Out Width Patch 2 Dst The display will change to show position 0 3 in the Controls Row Note that the valueischangingcontinuouslyfrom0 to90and backagain Noticealso thesmall square in the upper right corner of the display This patch destination indicator appears whenever a parameter has been assigned as a patch Destinatio...

Page 61: ...ter to watch its value change If the is not at the left of the Source value press Load three times to move it there You can take a short cut instead simultaneously press Down and Load to back step Patch 2 Values 127 90 L R R L Patch 2 Values 000 0 MONO OR Turn ADJUST to display 64 This will be the Source value of our new pivot point Thestringof dotsinthe destinationvalue portionofthedisplayindicat...

Page 62: ... to values which when added together are less than or equal to the maximum value for the parameter Footpedal and ADJUST for example could each have a maximum value of 50 or they could be assigned values of 25 and 75 60 and 40 etc When the sum of multiple patched parameter Destination values is greater than the maximum value of the parameter the parameter value will remain at maximum until the sum ...

Page 63: ...ntrol is also mapped to a MIDI controller MIDI values above this maximum value will be treated as equivalent to the High Limit In many cases where the control is to have full range 0 127 or where it is to behave as an off on switch 0 1 these two values Low and High are the only ones which have to be specified In other cases the control can be enhanced by adding more than just these simple range li...

Page 64: ...f the MidPoint is at or below the Low Limit this range will be equivalent to the entire range of the controller The default status of the label displays includes already entered at the beginning of the entry line Check out the presets in the Custom row of any bank for examples of Custom Controls Assigning KeyWords to an Effect The last four positions of the Custom row allow as many as four KeyWord...

Page 65: ...wired pans determine the signal flow to left and right pairs of delay voices and also to the reverb effect Some delay voices have individually adjustable level delay and feedback controls as well as master voice controls A High Cut parameter provides high end rolloff InWidth and OutWidth controls allow the creation of spatial effects In this chapter diagrams and descriptions of each algorithm are ...

Page 66: ... Spread has no effect The density is set by the Size control and the rate of decay is set by the reverb time controls As Shape is raised to about 1 8 of its range the initial sharp attack of the reverberation is reduced and reverberation builds more slowly The envelope then sustains briefly before it begins to die away at the rate set by Mid Rt Spread has little or no effect on this shape When Sha...

Page 67: ...mixed music or speech values up to 50 will give an improved sound Wander is typically set to about 10ms at larger settings of Size Smaller values of Wander should be used when smaller Sizes are used This algorithm also offers the option of adding early reflections which have been made into diffused clusters of pre echoes The density of the cluster is set by the Diffusion control We recommend that ...

Page 68: ... room sound to recorded music or speech It is particularly easy to match a studio recording of dialog to a typical room environment In music recording it allows you to realistically add distance to a close mikedsignal If anensemble hasbeenrecorded withclose mikesand pan pots Ambience can provide the missing blend and depth The apparent position of the instruments is preserved in the reverb while t...

Page 69: ...cs the sound of metal plates It has a dense smooth colored sound that makes it a good choice for enhancing any type of percussion Larger sizes and longer reverb times are particularly effective on vocals and brass but this algorithm can be optimized for use on virtually any source ...

Page 70: ...ity which builds up gradually over time This algorithm also features a post reverb compressor which can be used to shape the reverb tail in unusual ways Spatial EQ controls following the compressor can be used to widen or narrow low frequency stereo separation A dry signal path allows you to process material with or without reverberation This is useful in live recordings Concert Hall Notethattheco...

Page 71: ...nd decays Its unobtrusive character makes it useful on a wide range of program material Room produces an excellent simulation of a very small room which is useful for dialog and voiceover applications but which may be too colored for some sustained musical tones Increasing the Size Shape Spread parameters produces an excellent reverb and an Infinite control allows you to freeze a signal for as lon...

Page 72: ...tic along withlow color in the decay tail makes Chamber useful on a wide range of program material It is especially useful on spoken voice giving a noticeable increase in loudness with very low color Chamber This algorithm allows you to vary the slope of the initial portion of the reverb envelope Theslopecan decay remainlevel orrise overavariabletimeinterval When the time interval is up the reverb...

Page 73: ...arameter allows you to freeze the reverberation for as long as you like Surround Chamber This algorithm is similar to Chamber but has a mono output This ouput is added to the output of another reverb block 180 out of phase to allow a surround decoder to identify which signals are to be routed to the surround channel Note This algorithm must be used through a surround decoder to avoid undesireable ...

Page 74: ...Lexicon 3 10 PCM 91 User Guide Dual Mono Reverbs Room2 Room2 ...

Page 75: ...3 11 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Inverse Inverse ...

Page 76: ...Lexicon 3 12 PCM 91 User Guide Chamber Inverse ...

Page 77: ...3 13 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Inverse Room2 ...

Page 78: ...Lexicon 3 14 PCM 91 User Guide Chamber Chamber ...

Page 79: ...reate surround encoded reverb mixes The algorithm sends the Chamber effect to the front speakers and the Surround Chamber effect to the surround speakers Ths effect should be recorded monitored and played back in surround The PCM 91 output must be decoded with any popular surround decoder ...

Page 80: ...Lexicon 3 16 PCM 91 User Guide Cascade Reverbs Chamber Room2 ...

Page 81: ...3 17 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Inverse Chamber ...

Page 82: ...Lexicon 3 18 PCM 91 User Guide Room2 Chamber ...

Page 83: ...3 19 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Inverse Room2 ...

Page 84: ...ompressor is the opposite of an analog compressor An analog compressor reduces gain when the incoming signal is above a certain threshold a digital compressor increases gain when the signal is below the threshold The end result lower dynamic range is the same but it s easy to become confused if you are familiar only with analog equipment Ratio Ratio controls the slope of the gain curve or the rati...

Page 85: ... the reverberator before it is mixed with the dry signal and any reflections or delays The range is from Full 0dB to 24dB toOff Individual controlsfor theA andBeffectsin theChamber Roomalgorithm are labeled A OutLvl and B OutLvl Out Width Out Width controls the width of the entire processed signal This can be thought of as an extension of typical mono to stereo imaging controls The range of this p...

Page 86: ...ates the two reverb blocks creating two independent mono in stereo out reverbs Machine A receives input from the left channel and Machine B receives input from the right channel RevMono Split separates the two reverb blocks like the Mono Split setting but reversestheinputssothatAcorrespondstotherightchannel andBcorrresponds to the left channel Stereo Split creates two stereo in stereo out reverbs ...

Page 87: ...henever the controller is between the Midpoint and the High Limit You can display numerical values anywhere along the bottom line of the display by entering the characters or where you want these values to appear As many as 3 digits can be displayed representing absolute distance from the the Low Point or relative distance from the selected Midpoint If the Midpoint is at or below the Low Limit thi...

Page 88: ...om 100 to 100 in 1 increments Mstr Fbk provides grouped control from 0 100 With low or moderate settings small changes in Mstr Fbk may not have any effect TheDesignrow availablein everyalgorithm contains parametersthataffectthe structural aspects of the reverb effect In the Chamber Room algorithm indi vidual Design rows are available for Effect A and B Duration This parameter in the Inverse algori...

Page 89: ... emulates a large concert hall assuming that Spread is at least halfway up and that Size is 30 meters or larger Low Spread settings result in a rapid onset of reverberation at the beginning of the envelope with little or no sustain Higher settings spread out both the buildup and sustain Def In the Concert Hall algorithm Definition affects the echo density buildup rate during the latter part of the...

Page 90: ... results with larger sizes this control should be set to about 10ms Mstr Dly Dly L Dly R In Rich Plate and Chamber Room Dly L and Dly R provide echoes to the left and right channels Unlike Delay and Reflect which are isolated left and right delays left and right echoes are blended in the diffusor The echoes are routed both to the outputs and through a feedback path Mstr Dly provides a simple group...

Page 91: ...0 to 100 This control affects the output of the LFO only It has no effect on the outputs of the individual waveforms Rate sets the speed 0 10Hz at which the LFO cycles It can be set in time values such as 1 5Hz or in tempo values such as 3 2 cycles per beat Simultaneously pressing Up and Tempo will toggle these two display options Note The PCM 91 allows six LFO shapes sine cosine sawtooth triangle...

Page 92: ...e envelope will go through its entire attack cycle Once the attack cycle is completed if Source value is below T Lvl the envelope will immediately fall at the specified Release rate The envelope will go through its entire release cycle even if the source subse quently rises above T Lvl If the Source value is at or above T Lvl the envelope will remain at 127 until the T Src falls Retrigger As long ...

Page 93: ...e listing under Patching High and Low are threshold values The latch works as follows There is no output from the latch until the Src value falls within the range defined by the settings of High and Low While the source value is between these thresholds the output of the latch is the same value as the source When the source value reaches or passes either threshold the output of the latch holds at ...

Page 94: ...ocessor time To optimize real time response set switch to Off when it is not being used When Switch is selected the transition from on to off is instantaneous i e the switch output resembles a pulse wave When Ramp is selected the transition from on to off is continuous i e the switch output resembles a triangle or sawtooth wave T Lvl sets the threshold value at which the switch will begin to cycle...

Page 95: ...can be related to tempo The delayed value specified here can then be selected as a patch source Mod S Hold The Sample Hold control allows you to select an input source a trigger for sampling the source and a trigger threshold Anything on the Patch Source list shown on the following page can be selected as an input source Src The trigger Trigger can be any other Patch Source Each time the trigger r...

Page 96: ...wtooth1 Pulse1 Triangle1 Random1 LFO2 Sine2 Cosine2 Square2 Sawtooth2 Pulse2 Triangle2 Random2 Env L Env R Env L R AR Env MIDI P Bend A Touch Velocity Last Note Low Note High Note Clk Cmnds Following the Modulation row in each algorithm s edit matrix is the Patch row Thisrowprovidesparametersforcreatingasmanyasten patchesin eacheffect Each row position Patch 0 9 has three controls available Src Ds...

Page 97: ...l EQ is placed in the signal path after the reverberator An additional dry signal is also provided so that the dry input can be sent to the Spatial EQ In this case we recommend setting the value of Mix in the Controls row to 100 so that Premix controls the wet dry mix Crossover Crossover sets the frequency below which the Spatial EQ effect takes place Setting this frequency too high may result in ...

Page 98: ...e the more pronounced the dropoff Mid Slope is similar to Low Slope but applies to middleand high frequencies Theactualfrequenciesaffected aredeterminedby Crossover Mid Rt and Low Rt Mid Rt sets the reverb time for mid frequency signals Because low frequency reverb time Low Rt is a multiplier of Mid Rt Mid Rt acts as a master control for the reverb time Low Rt sets the reverb time for low frequenc...

Page 99: ... response will be flat Shelf provides a method for making the spectral content of the reverberation match the ideal spectrum for musical acoustics in rooms For this application Rt HCshould besetbetween700 and1 5kHz withShelfset between 12 and 6dB Decay In Ambience Decay controls the length of the ambience tail Decay Lvl In Ambience Decay Lvl controls the level of the ambience tail When Decay Lvl i...

Page 100: ...Lexicon 3 36 PCM 91 User Guide ...

Page 101: ...2 9 Live Sound 3 0 3 9 Instrument 4 0 4 9 Custom Bank P3 Post 0 0 0 9 Indoor Small 1 0 1 9 Indoor Large 2 0 2 9 Outdoor 3 0 3 9 Spatial 4 0 4 9 Custom Bank P2 Plates 0 0 0 9 Instrument 1 0 1 9 Vocal 2 0 2 9 Live Sound 3 0 3 9 Drums Perc 4 0 4 9 Custom Bank P1 Rooms 0 0 0 9 Instrument 1 0 1 9 Vocal 2 0 2 9 Live Sound 3 0 3 9 Drums Perc 4 0 4 9 Custom Bank P0 Halls 0 0 0 9 Orchestral 1 0 1 9 Vocal 2...

Page 102: ...maller room with proportionately shorter decay time 0 3 Small Hall ADJUST Predelay Keywords Small RandomHall Orchestral Short A natural sounding environment with bright initial reverb that decays quickly Turn ADJUST up for a small early reflection or down for a more diffused decay Presets0 4 0 6aresimilar intexturetothefirst3presetsinthisrow withaddedreflections from a stage In each ADJUST is desi...

Page 103: ...equencies roll off This creates the illusion of moving the listener s vantage point further back away from the stage 1 4 Rise n Hall ADJUST Decay Keywords Vocal Medium RandomHall Long A strange hall with a long early reflection rise and a short decay creating an echo verb effect on leads 1 5 Good Ol Verb ADJUST Attitude Keywords Large Natural RandomHall Vocal A quick solution when you re looking f...

Page 104: ...ercussive and lead sounds 2 5 Spatial Hall ADJUST Decay Keywords Cncrt Hall Live PA Spatial Surround A strange hall with an LFO controlling spatial EQ The reverb tail moves in and out of the stereo field 2 6 Nonlin Wrhse ADJUST Decay Level Keywords Ambience Live PA Gated Unnatural A large nonlinear reverb that sounds like a gated warehouse 2 7 Sizzle Hall ADJUST Decay Keywords RandomHall Live PA M...

Page 105: ...th Keywords Ambience Instrument Long Acoustic A large hall that sounds like an airplane hangar designed for a spacious sax solo 3 5 Gated Hall ADJUST Room Size Keywords Instrument Large RandomHall Gated If it were possible to have a gated hall it would sound like this 3 6 For The Toms ADJUST Room Type Keywords Ambience Instrument Short Drums Perc A large dense room reverb for toms and other percus...

Page 106: ...is following the input signal Sounds cool on drums and percussives Custom 1 Expander Gate Custom 2 Reverb Density Custom 3 Spatial Bass EQ Custom 4 Liveness 4 3 PanHallBPM ADJUST Tap Rate Keywords RandomHall Custom Spatial Tempo This unique hall patches LFO1 to OutWidth creating a subtle sweeping sensation The sweep rate is dependent upon either tempo set through Tap or ADJUST Custom 1 Spiral Dept...

Page 107: ...ll A generic hall with random reflections Use this as a starting place to make your own random hall effects Instrument 0 0 Large Room ADJUST Decay Keywords Large Room Instrument RandomHall A perfectlysmoothlistening roomwithhigh diffusion Verynaturalsoundingonanysound source 0 1 Medium Room ADJUST Decay Keywords Medium Room Instrument RandomHall A smaller version of the Large Room preset 0 2 Small...

Page 108: ...brightness of this short reverb Vocal 1 0 Brite Vocal ADJUST High Cut Keywords Bright Room Vocal Ambience This effect is ideal for vocalists using a bit of predelay to separate the bright reverb from the source for definition and clarity ADJUST controls brightness 1 1 Vocal Space ADJUST Size Keywords Room Vocal Small RandomHall A short Mid RT and small Size an ideal space for vocals due to the use...

Page 109: ...ll Tempo Attitude for live drums guitar or vocals with a less dominating reverb punchier sound and lots of delay Tap in delay time or dial in the BPM of the song 2 3 BigBoom Room ADJUST Blend Keywords Split Rvb Live PA Custom Large This preset is saturated with bottom heavy dense reverb Configure the input as stereo or mono to get your sound sources to this dense room Use ADJUST to blend between r...

Page 110: ...on individual drums rather than the whole kit 3 3 Slap Place ADJUST Pre Delay Keywords Ambience Drums Perc Instrument Medium A dark and wet reverb Medium room size and long reverb tail make this a good choice for a big drum sound For a bit of space before your reverb kicks in dial in the Pre Delay you want with ADJUST 3 4 PercussPlace ADJUST Decay Lvl Keywords Ambience Drums Perc Instrument Medium...

Page 111: ... a great backwards effect Custom 1 High Cut Custom 2 Reflections Custom 3 Liveness Custom 4 Input Pulse 4 2 BeeBeeSlapz ADJUST Feedback Keywords Cncrt Hall Slap FX Unnatural Custom Perfect for creating dreamy soundscapes and atmospheric moods dripping with reverb ADJUSTtakesyoufromdrydelaytapstocompletereverbabandon CustomControlsset the atmosphere Custom 1 Comp Ratio Thrshld Custom 2 Spatial EQ C...

Page 112: ...UST and the density of the Ambience with Custom 1 The AR Envelope is patched to OutWidth and triggered by the Mono InLvl When the threshold is crossed the effect changes from Mono to Stereo Custom 1 Amb Density Custom 2 TriggerRelease Width 4 8 StrangePlace ADJUST Chorus Keywords Cncrt Hall Spatial Custom Unnatural A super tight ConcertHall effect with lots of spatial enhancement Custom 1 Psychoru...

Page 113: ...ustom In Width Out Width parameter that changes the spatial feel 0 9 GtrPlateBPM ADJUST Dry Dly Keywords Plate Guitar Echo Tempo A moderate size dark plate reverb optimized for guitar with tempo driven delays to fatten up the sound Tap in the tempo of the delays Vocal 1 0 Vocal Plate ADJUST Decay Keywords Plate Vocal Short A short plate with low diffusion great for a solo vocal track 1 1 Vocal Pla...

Page 114: ...ive PA Bright A clean plate with ADJUST control of diffusion 2 2 Live Gate ADJUST Gate or Inverse Keywords Plate Live PA Gated Special FX Change from a tight gate or crisp inverse sounds on the fly ADJUST controls the choice from Gate to Inverse 2 3 Bright Plate ADJUST Liveness Keywords Plate Live PA Bright A small bright plate with short decay time Great for enhancing an instrument without overpo...

Page 115: ...ness Keywords Plate Drums Perc Short Dark A short dull plate good for percussion 3 4 Tight Plate ADJUST Decay Keywords Plate Drums Perc Small Small and tight with moderate diffusion Use this to add punch to any percussion track 3 5 Short Plate ADJUST Decay Keywords Plate Drums Perc Short A short plate reverb with a fairly short decay time and good high end great for a full kit 3 6 Dark Plate ADJUS...

Page 116: ...o driven spatial effect that moves delays around the room ADJUST controls the LFO rate which is patched to Out Width Slow it down or speed it up for more dramatic spatial effects Works great with any sound source Custom 1 Dly Lvls 4 4 MultPlateDly ADJUST Tap Delay Speed Keywords Plate Echo Instrument Custom A multi purpose plate delay ADJUST control the tap speed of the echo delays Custom Control ...

Page 117: ...HardwoodRoom ADJUST Size Keywords Ambience Indoor Small Room Designed to sound like a room with a hardwood floor Select room size with ADJUST 0 3 MeetingRoom ADJUST Decay Keywords Ambience Indoor Small Room Hotel like meeting room Predelay is set to 46ms so the wet mix sounds like the microphone is at the back of the room 0 4 Locker Room ADJUST Decay Keywords Ambience Indoor Small Room The ambienc...

Page 118: ...ndoor Large Echo A split program with a short ping pong delay and a medium long hallway reverb ADJUST 1 4 LectureHalls ADJUST Blend Keywords Splits Indoor Large A split program with an empty hall and a full hall 1 5 Dance Hall ADJUST Decay Keywords RandomHall Indoor Large Preset at 1 4 seconds of reverb time for a medium bright hall or use ADJUST to customize 1 6 Ballrooms ADJUST Blend Keywords Sp...

Page 119: ...lits Outdoor Large Long A split reverb simulating two of NYC s automobile tunnels the Lincoln and the Holland 2 5 Indoors Out ADJUST Blend Keywords Splits Outdoor Indoor A split program with a medium chamber and an outdoor response 2 6 Echo Beach ADJUST Mstr Delays Keywords Splits Outdoor Echo Custom Echo echo echo Use Custom Control 1 to select between the two echoes Custom 1 Echo Chamber Room 2 ...

Page 120: ... Custom 1 Rate 3 5 Voices BPM ADJUST More Voices Keywords RandomHall Spatial Custom Tempo Tempodrivesindividualleft rightdelayswhileADJUSTsetsdelaymasters AsinVoices 2 OutWidth is modulated by an LFO with rate set by Custom Control 1 Custom 1 Rate 3 6 MovingDelays ADJUST High Cut Keywords Plate Spatial Special FX An LFO modulates OutWidth to produce wildly moving echoes with left and right delays ...

Page 121: ...ence Live PA Indoor Custom For variations in ambience try using Custom Control 1 to change Pre Delay Dry Delay mix Custom 1 Delay Mix 4 4 BPM Looper ADJUST Response Keywords Plate Custom MIDI Tempo Tempo drives a mod row time switch which ramps delay feedback for interesting looping effects ADJUSTvariesdelay decayresponse Greatfor wilddrummachinerhythms with Tempo Source set to MIDI Custom 1 Attit...

Page 122: ...algorithm Set up as two independent reverberators ADJUST allows you to monitor the Chamber the Room or both 0 1 Two Chambers ADJUST Wood Brick KeyWords Chamber Drums Splits Mono The Brick Chamber has a live reflective sound while the Wood Chamber is designed to be dark and more dense 0 2 Hall Room ADJUST Hall Room KeyWords Splits Large Small Mono The Chamber reverb is configured to sound like a la...

Page 123: ... Splits Stereo A reverb designed for background vocals and one designed for lead vocals 1 1 Studio Rooms ADJUST StudioA Studio B KeyWords Room Chamber Splits Stereo Provides two different sounding studio rooms Good for all program material 1 2 Hard Rooms ADJUST Smooth Ragged KeyWords Room Short Splits Stereo A ragged bright small hard room and a smooth medium large room 1 3 Random Rooms ADJUST Rar...

Page 124: ...tereo Splits Live PA A long Blooming reverb that rises and decays and a short Bloom verb Good on all types of sounds 2 4 DualEcho BPM ADJUST Echo 1 Echo 2 KeyWords Echo Splits Live PA Stereo A spliteffectwithtwodifferentechopatterns creatingasyncopatedecho delay ADJUST controls the blend between the two effects 2 5 Chords Leads ADJUST Chords Leads KeyWords Splits Guitar Live PA Stereo A largehallw...

Page 125: ...Rooms ADJUST Blend KeyWords Drums Room Splits Instrument A large bright room with strong early reflections and a far mic combined with a medium large room with smoother response and a close mic 3 4 Full Kit ADJUST Size KeyWords Splits Chamber Drums Perc Instrument A multi purpose Chamber most suitable for adding life to a full drum kit 3 5 Perc Synth ADJUST Blend KeyWords Drums Perc Keyboard Split...

Page 126: ...T to balance the two Use the Inverse EQ effect on Custom 1 to cut the highs on the Room while boosting them on the Chamber Custom2letsyouchangetheeffectfromforwardstobackwards whileCustom 3 adds a bit of Predelay to the signal Custom 4 gives you a bit more EQ enhancement Custom 1 Inverse EQ Custom 2 Inverse Effects Custom 3 Pre Delay Custom 4 Briteness Enhancer 4 3 Dark Gated ADJUST Toggle Gate FX...

Page 127: ...Hall KeyWords Echo Bright Splits Custom This Program places a Tap Tempo based delay on the left input with a hall reverb on the righ input The Soft row has Custom Controls created for swapping the inputs and adjusting the amount of feedback present in the delays Custom 1 Input Assignment Custom 2 Tap Delay Master 4 8 E NoseDelays ADJUST Nose 1 Nose 2 KeyWords Echo Dynamic Splits Custom Two very st...

Page 128: ...Very large rooms with plenty of available reflections ADJUST blends the two rooms Increasing ADJUST causes more reverb and reflections to appear 0 4 Big Rooms ADJUST Blend Keywords Mono Room Large Splits Large rooms with a long reverb time Big Room 2 gives you a more distant sound ADJUST allows you to blend the two rooms 0 5 HallA HallB ADJUST Blend Keywords Room Long Large Splits Typical large ha...

Page 129: ...Gates ADJUST Blend Keywords Mono Gated Instrument Splits Preset gates made just for saxophones ADJUST controls the amount of decay 1 5 Fat Guitars ADJUST Blend Keywords Guitar Gated Mono Splits A mono split preset for guitar with a lively guitar room and an aggressive gated guitar effect Custom 1 Woof 1 6 Vintage FX ADJUST Blend Keyword Dark Instrument Mono Splits A greatchamber multi taptapeecho ...

Page 130: ...l and infinite bottomless pit reverb activated via Footswitch 1 Delays are Tap tempo controlled Custom 1 Feedback 2 5 Tapps Mic ADJUST Blend Keywords Vocal Echo Slap FX Splits A combinationof Predelayand alarge Shapesettinggivethis preset afast tapping effect Mic is a simple room setting with little reverb 2 6 Mic Add Room ADJUST Blend Keywords Vocal Room Short Cascade The Room2 side mimics a dry ...

Page 131: ...eanaggressivesnareandtoms The oil drum setting creates a classic oil drum kick verb 3 5 Atom Jumper ADJUST Blend Keywords Mono Drums Perc Special FX Splits A nicemonosplitInverse presetwitheffectssimilar to theclassic PCM70 AtomSmasher and Ski Jump presets Great for special effects 3 6 70Kick Snare ADJUST Blend Keywords Drums Perc Mono Splits Reproductions of the classic PCM 70 Kick and Snare cham...

Page 132: ...lly different effect options With ADJUST set to Rise maximum Duration and Shape settings create a reverse rumbling effect ADJUST set to decay gives a tinny reverberation effect Custom 1 Rise Depth Custom 2 Decay Depth 4 4 Stereoizers ADJUST Blend Keywords Chamber Gated Stereo Splits A very dry tight sounding preset with ADJUST varying the dimension of the sound between two small spaces Custom 1 Ma...

Page 133: ...reverb with adjustable decay times 0 1 Brass Room ADJUST Blend Keywords Room Mono Acoustic Splits A bright room for brass instruments and a general purpose average ambient room A mono split preset 0 2 Horns String ADJUST Blend Keywords Mono Instrument Acoustic Splits A monoSplitpresetfor brassandstrings Thebrassroomisbrightandpunchy Thestring room is full of reverb with reflections and long decay ...

Page 134: ...oom with moderate decay 1 3 Rock Guitars ADJUST Blend Keywords Guitar Instrument Mono Splits Mono Split chamber rooms for electric and acoustic guitars The electric room has a washy effect with a slow build and multi echo effects The acoustic room gives the guitar an aggressive sound 1 4 Spritz Verb ADJUST Amt of Verb Keywords Chamber Instrument Echo Cascade The first chamber is a large room with ...

Page 135: ...right timbre and a Dim plate with a darker sound 2 3 Air Club ADJUST Blend Keywords Chamber Natural Vocal Cascade A short duration inverse chamber with a high diffusion setting and a medium size very clear room ADJUST adds the second chamber 2 4 Gated Hiss ADJUST Blend Keywords Vocal Gated Medium Cascade A medium duration inverse chamber with a large slope on the low end to give it a gated sound T...

Page 136: ...reset for drums and vocals The drum setting is a medium multi purpose percussion room The vocal room is a nice reverb room with a slight echo 3 3 Gate Weight ADJUST Blend Keywords Drums Perc Gated Mono Splits Twogatedpresetsettings Oneislargewithaloosesound theother istightsoundingwith a couple of quick delays 3 4 Kick Sn Invrs ADJUST Blend Keywords Gated Drums Perc Mono Splits Gated percussion ef...

Page 137: ...th 4 3 Horn Section ADJUST Blend Keywords Mono Medium Instrument Splits This split mono preset provides two distinct reverbs for a horn section The soloist gets a stong reverb with a long reverb time while the reverb designed for the horn section is much more subtle Custom 1 Section Brightness Custom 2 Solo Brightness 4 4 Soliloquy ADJUST Bass Multiply Keywords Vocal Long Special FX Cascade The mo...

Page 138: ...room Gate ADJUST Blend Keywords Dialog Gated Short Splits This dual use preset contains a room which sounds like a bedroom and a nice gate ADJUST allows you to blend the two effects 0 3 Bath Gate ADJUST Blend Keywords Chamber Gated Natural Splits A nicebathroom effectwithveryshortreflections ADJUSTactivates avery effectivegate while holding on to the same bathroom characteristics 0 4 Car Reverse A...

Page 139: ...b characteristics of a classroom adjustable to a bassy gated effect which puts the sound source off to a distance 1 4 Studio Gate ADJUST Blend Keywords Chamber Dialog Gated Splits Typical dry studio environment adjustable to a good sounding gate 1 5 Farm Rooms ADJUST Blend Keywords Indoor Natural Small Splits With ADJUST turned hard left the rooms are moderate size As you turn the knob to the righ...

Page 140: ...imity Keywords Large Special FX Long Cascade A preset made to emulate the characteristics of Wembley Stadium ADJUST controls your position in relation to the stage 2 6 Bloom Gym ADJUST Blend Keywords Chamber Room Long Cascade The first chamber consists of a medium sized diffuse room which becomes a gymna sium via ADJUST 2 7 Box Hall ADJUST Blend Keywords Chamber Room Small Cascade Box is a very cl...

Page 141: ...de The first chamber emulates a medium sized diffuse room ADJUST adds a much larger chamber with a very long predelay 3 6 Tin Castle ADJUST Wall Vibrancy Keywords Chamber Room Bright Cascade A large open space ADJUSTchanges thetextureof thewalls toa veryreflective vibrant metal 3 7 Cemetery ADJUST Blend Keywords Room Small Mono Splits A shortreverbwithreflectionscreatingthecemetarywalls TheB sideo...

Page 142: ... effects Use the wind reverb to add an eerie ambience to your signal The Thunder reverb thickens a clap of thunder and the roar travels off in the distance 4 5 Pitfall ADJUST Pit Depth Keywords Large Special FX Dialog Cascade Input Level acts as an inverse trigger to the reverb time The weaker the signal gets the longer the reverb time Add to screams to simulate falling down a reverberant bottomle...

Page 143: ...4 Tiled Surrnd ADJUST Decay Keywords Chamber Indoor Surround A responsive tiled chamber Use ADJUST to alter the decay time of the chamber 0 5 SurrndChambr ADJUST Fade Keywords Indoor Chamber Surround Splits A mid size chamber for surround Use ADJUST to increase or decrease the rear channel levels 0 6 Surrnd Room ADJUST Fade Keywords Indoor Natural Surround Splits A small room for surround Good for...

Page 144: ...ith ADJUST 1 6 Surrnd Space ADJUST Fade Keywords Chamber Long Surround Cascade The front chamber creates a very large diffuse reverberation ADJUST adds the surround chamber which creates an even larger space 1 7 Lecture Hall ADJUST Attendance Keywords Chamber Indoor Surround Natural A large clear chamber with overall brightness controlled by ADJUST ADJUST adds people in the room to make it more di...

Page 145: ...d stuttering reverb Stutter rate is tempo driven Sort of like a turbo tremolo 2 8 Yodel ADJUST Fade Distance Keywords Long Special FX Surround Slap FX Sing it from the Alps A long predelay in the rear makes a distant reply to the signal Use ADJUST to make the reply move further away 2 9 CyberVox ADJUST Fade Keywords Dialog Special FX Surround This special effect uses tight delays with high feedbac...

Page 146: ...t the dry signal in the front Super flipped tape effect The inverse effect delays the dry signal 500 1000ms depending on the setting of ADJUST 3 7 Invertigo2 ADJUST Inverse Delay Keywords Special FX Surround Dialog Listen to this one at 100 wet Similar to Invertigo with the inverse reverb in the front and flying overhead to meet the dry signal in the rear The inverse effect delays the dry signal 5...

Page 147: ...IDI messages Selecting a MIDI Channel MIDI Out MIDI In SomeextremelyusefuleffectscanbecreatedbycontrollingPCM 91parameters remotely in real time Almost all of the controllers found on a MIDI keyboard or MIDI foot controller pitch benders mod wheels sliders switches breath controllers foot pedals and footswitches can be used to adjust PCM 91 parameters We refer to this real time remote control capa...

Page 148: ...Int Clock set to Transmit On Tempo 0 2 Source set to Internal Tempo 0 0 Rate set with ADJUST or Tap Controlling PCM 91 Tempo Rate with MIDI Clock Using the PCM 91 as a MIDI Clock Source MIDI Tempo Control MIDI Out MIDI Clock MIDI In PCM 91 Tempo 0 2 Source set to MIDI ...

Page 149: ...f and the sequencer is set to echo input Two PCM 91s can be slaved together by connecting a cable from the MIDI OUT jack of the master to the MIDI IN jack of the slave Additional PCM 91s can be slaved to the master byconnecting a cable from theMIDI THRU port ofone slave unitto theMIDIIN portof thenextunit Allofthe PCM91s must beset to thesame MIDI channel and Device ID Slaving two or more PCM 91s ...

Page 150: ... makes it possible to record real time control of PCM 91 effects with a MIDI sequencer A simple but quite powerful way to automate effects To send MIDI data from these controllers first set Control mode 3 2 Transmit to the desired MIDI Channel The default is Channel 1 Controller quirks When a PCM 91 controller is assigned to a MIDI Controller the PCM 91 will respond to incoming controller messages...

Page 151: ...r when the controller is moved In this case ADJUST is still independent of the controller If you have a foot pedal connected to thePCM 91 rear panel Foot Controller jack you can use it to control the soft knob patch Note that no MIDI connections are required to do this Set both Control mode 3 5 ADJUST and Control mode 3 5 Foot Pedal to the same MIDI Controller Controlling the Soft Knob with a Foot...

Page 152: ...d Bank Select Messages as follows 0 4 Program Banks 0 4 5 6 Internal Register Banks R0 and R1 7 11 reserved for ROM Card Banks 12 Memory Card Banks The number of banks available on a given card will vary with card size as follows Card Size Banks 64k 1 256k 5 512k 10 1 Meg 20 Pgm Change Map Program Change 0 127 can be mapped to any PCM 91 Effect in any internal or card bank Two 128 element maps are...

Page 153: ...efault setting for the Device ID is 0 Controller Automation For applications where it is desirable to automate changes made to PCM 91 effects with its own controls ADJUST Custom 1 4 Foot Pedal Footswitch 1 or Footswitch 2 we recommend assigning the controllers to MIDI destinations and recording the changes with a MIDI sequencer see Control Mode parameter 3 5 MIDI Destinations Reset All Controllers...

Page 154: ... PCM 91 These can be obtained directly from Lexicon Request PCM 91 MIDI Implementation Details Bulk Data Dumps Control mode 3 8 MIDI Dump allows selection of the following types of bulk data to be dumped directly from the PCM 91 to another PCM 91 or to editor librarian software Displayed Name Description CurrentPgm Currently running effect Bank R0 R1 Internal Register Banks Bank C0 CJ Card Banks c...

Page 155: ...ch Bend X O Control 1 119 OX OX ADJUST FootPedal Change Footswitch 1 and 2 and Custom 1 4 can be assigned controllers 1 119 for MIDI transmit 32 reserved for bank select Program X 0 127 See Implementation Change True Details System Lexicon OX OX mfgr ID 6 product ID 8 Exclusive Real time X X non Real time X OX device ID System Song Pos X X Common Song Sel X X Tune X X System Clock OX OX Real Time ...

Page 156: ...5 10 PCM 91 User Guide Lexicon ...

Page 157: ...damaged by exposure to temperatures below 22 F 30 C or above 167 F 75 C or by exposure to humidity in excess of 95 If a unit exposed to such conditions fails to operate after it returns to a normal operating temperature contact your local service representative The PCM 91 doesn t respond to MIDI Program Changes Check Receive control at Control mode 3 1 and make sure it is set to On Check the MIDI ...

Page 158: ...tor but will not necessarily read and transmit encoded information accurately No Digital Audio Output Check the Bypass state for any mute settings No Effects Output Check the setting of Mix Mode at Control mode 1 1 Also verify that any controllers patched to Input Level or Mix are not turned off The PCM 91 performs a series of self tests each time it is powered on then displaysthe PCM 91copyrightn...

Page 159: ...8kHz 0 1 SCMS Multi Copy 0 2 Emphasis Bit Pass Thru 0 3 Output Level 4dBu System 1 0 Edit Mode Go 1 1 Mix Mode Pgm Global Mix Value 100 Wet 1 2 Tempo Mode Pgm Global Tempo Value 120 BPM 1 3 Bypass Mode InputMute Bypass Src Off 1 4 Pgm Bypass AllMute 1 5 Mem Protect Off 1 6 Auto Load Off 1 7 Patch Update Delayed 1 8 KeyWord On A to Z MIDI 3 1 Receive OMNI 3 2 Transmit 1 3 3 Pgm Change On Pgm Off Pg...

Page 160: ...storing all of the default settings 1 Press Control 2 Use the Up and Down buttons to locate Row 1 System 3 Turn SELECT to 1 9 Initialize 4 Press Store The PCM 91 will display the message Are you sure Press STORE If you don t want to reinitialize your unit press any button except Store to return to matrix position 1 9 If you press Store in response to this message the display will flash Restoring o...

Page 161: ...m full scale 10 dBu setting Protection Relays provided for output muting during power on off A D Performance Frequency Response 10 Hz to 20 kHz 0 5 dB Crosstalk 65 dB 10 Hz to 20 kHz S N Ratio 102 dB 20 kHz bandwidth THD 0 003 10 Hz to 20 kHz Dynamic Range 102 dB 20 kHz bandwidth Delay 24 samples 0 54 msec for 44 1 kHz 0 50 msec for 48 kHz D A Performance Frequency Response 10 Hz to 20 kHz 0 5 dB ...

Page 162: ...detects normal open or normal closed on power up Foot controller 1 4 inch T R S phone jack provided for footpedal 100Ω minimum 10kΩ maximum impedance General Dimensions 19 0 W x 1 75 H x 12 0 D 483 x 45 x 305 mm 19 inch rack mount standard 1U high Weight Net 6 4 lbs 2 9 kg Shipping 9 5 lbs 4 3 kg Power Requirements 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz 35 W 3 pin IEC power connector RFI ESD Conforms to FCC Class B...

Page 163: ...Lexicon Part 070 12662 Lexicon Inc 3 Oak Park Bedford MA 01730 1441 Telephone 781 280 0300 Fax 781 280 0490 ...

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