Kenwood TS-480 User Manual Download Page 14 | Manualshive

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RX circuitry

Front end

As explained in the section on development objectives, what distinguishes the TS-480 Series are
incomparable features and performance that result from our focus on HF. Of special note are the
dynamic range characteristics in the HF bands, demonstrating the fact that, despite the compact
dimensions of this transceiver, there has been no design compromise.
One of the circuits that is important in determining dynamic range is the first mixer. Now there are
some compact transceivers covering HF~V/UHF that are designed to cover all frequency bands
with a single mixer. Since HF~50MHz is the “home turf” for the TS-480 Series, it has an advantage
as in regards to the operating conditions for the mixer. Since developing the TS-950, Kenwood has
exclusively employed J-FET quad mixers, and the TS-480 is no exception. Fig.7 illustrates the
mixer circuit.

Fig. 7: RX 1st mixer

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Summary of Contents for TS-480

Page 1: ......

Page 2: ...f buying a transceiver or just thinking of taking up Amateur Radio as a hobby We believe the TS 480 will appeal to everyone CONTENTS Design Objectives 2 Development Objectives for the TS 480 Series 5 Circuitry 7 TX circuits 7 RX circuitry 13 Auxiliary Features 19 Features of the Built in DSP 21 Tips 28 Structural Features 36 New Option Voice Guide Storage Unit VGS 1 42 New Option ARCP 480 Freeware...

Page 3: ...ansceiver sounds like it might turn out to be a wild goose chase and in truth it is in the nature of things that such ideas rarely amount to much But as part of our brainstorming we went back to basics What first emerged as a key concept was this The appeal of HF lies in DX ing This is simple to say but maybe more difficult to realize From here the discussion moved ahead rapidly once it was decide...

Page 4: ...s the V UHF bands then they can buy another product that is tailored for these bands This meant we had confidence that our product would offer more than enough punch to perform well even on grueling DX peditions The 200W challenge As explained our initial starting point was a desire to create a transceiver like no other But we would not have succeeded in meeting this objective with just a standalo...

Page 5: ...able from the top of the line models Transceiver remote control In order to realize all three of these we started the design process with the following planning objectives 1 Priority on basic performance that stresses the 1 8 50 MHz range 2 Dynamic range on a par with the TS 950 3 Uncompromising RX performance AF DSP as standard 4 A control panel design that ensures top notch operating ease so tha...

Page 6: ...er than the conventional type of AT of the time especially with regard to height making it a good choice for building into a compact set In 1996 when on a visit to the US to promote the TS 570 a local salesman asked whether we were next going to put an AT into the TS 50 Well perhaps that was where the TS 480 got its start Achieving 200W output in a compact transceiver In achieving our goal of 200W...

Page 7: ...m to be going against the tide of the times Yet opting for the multi band route inevitably leads to larger dimensions and higher prices In this genre price is an important factor so by limiting the TS 480 to HF we developed what is in fact a compact transceiver that stands apart from the competition The TS 480 is designed to ensure not only excellent TX performance but also superior RX performance...

Page 8: ...y circuit of the output transformer in phase to double the output thus producing 200W When we actually experimented with this we found that it worked okay Frequency characteristics were good However using this method means that one cannot provide isolation between the amplifiers So what we finally adopted was the old standby in situations like this namely a wideband hybrid combiner The circuit for...

Page 9: ...9 Fig 1 illustrates TX IM characteristics with 200W output at 14MHz while the second graph Fig 2 charts high frequency spurious emissions Fig 1 TX IMD output 200W Fig 2 TX Spurious emissions ...

Page 10: ... class power supply so when they acquire this 200W transceiver they do not have to make an additional purchase of a new 200W class power supply It is possible for them to make use of the 100W unit in their possession The PS 53 power supply is specified for the TS 480 however as long as it can produce 20 5A or more continuously at 13 8V other power supplies can be used Also it is possible to operat...

Page 11: ...on Like the 200W final section the 100W final section uses 2SC2782 transistors The drive and peripheral circuits are virtually identical to those in the 200W model enabling 100W output for the HF 50MHz bands For the Japanese market there are 50W and 10W 50MHz 20W models allowing buyers to choose whichever best suits them that is their license and their intended use mobile or fixed It should be poi...

Page 12: ...12 Fig 4 200W final section Fig 5 100W final section with antenna tuner ...

Page 13: ...d in the days when a crystal was used to change channels in FM car transceivers but it dropped from sight when PLL became the norm It is not a new circuit but it has excellent characteristics In the TS 480 this reactance modulation circuit is connected to the output of the DDS which serves as the source for the PLL reference frequency so effectively it is modulating the 1st OSC This approach offer...

Page 14: ... there has been no design compromise One of the circuits that is important in determining dynamic range is the first mixer Now there are some compact transceivers covering HF V UHF that are designed to cover all frequency bands with a single mixer Since HF 50MHz is the home turf for the TS 480 Series it has an advantage as in regards to the operating conditions for the mixer Since developing the T...

Page 15: ...00MHz and 14 250MHZ enabling reception Since the frequency separation at this point is 14 200MHz 14 150MHz 50kHz the 50 0KHz point on the horizontal axis of Fig 8 corresponds to these conditions Under these conditions if there were interfering signals that were faintly picked up by the other transceivers in this comparison the strength of those interfering signals would have to rise by 10 15dB for...

Page 16: ...s of developing the TS 480 we looked at the mutual modulation characteristics of a number of coils picking only those that demonstrated the best performance With this compact transceiver it was not possible to use a passive tuner equivalent to what is found in top end models but our emphasis on HF performance was such that we selected components whose advantage cannot even be appreciated from a ci...

Page 17: ...h powerful local broadcasting stations in the BC band However a jumper can be used to switch from NORM to DX bypassing this ATT and raising sensitivity by about 20dB The ATT accessible from the control panel defaults to 12dB but by removing the CN4 jumper it is possible to increase this to about 20dB Fig 10 Jumper locations RF unit X44 3270 00 component surface J72 0874 19 ATT at BC band ...

Page 18: ...loped optional filters are available for the 2nd IF Previously there was only one 10 695MHz optional filter the YK 107C 500Hz This filter was developed at the same time as the TS 790 and since the focus was on its use for V UHF there may have been times when users felt it was lacking when it came to HF operations So when we were developing the TS 480 we redesigned the 500Hz filter greatly improvin...

Page 19: ...arately removable The photograph in Fig 12 shows the option installation unit This can be used to install not only these IF filters but also a high stability TCXO SO 3 0 5ppm 10 50 C which is optionally available Fig 12 Option installation unit If you unclip the white connectors on either side and remove the screws that hold the board in place you can independently remove the unit for installing t...

Page 20: ...te that if you put an external input on standby using the mic PTT it will not be modulated sometimes users have queried as a possible fault but it is not Features useful for 50MHz operations You discover a DX CW signal during a USB band search The TS 480 has a feature that is perfect for such times you can automatically switch to CW transmission by just keying the transmitter key down with your CW...

Page 21: ...inuous carrier that is independent of the mode and power of your current operations Simply assign a PF key to this function No paddle but you want to give CW a try No problem With mic paddle mode you can use the up down keys on your microphone as a simple paddle New 5MHz band US versions are compatible with the new 5MHz band this also goes for the antenna tuner ...

Page 22: ...se it is possible to remove it using the noise blanker NB however this does not work in all cases Depending on the type of noise or if there is a very strong signal close by the pulse noise may remain and be demodulated This can result in an unpleasant sound being emitted from the speaker thus reducing the clarity of your target signal In such cases the DNL digital noise limiter can reduce pulse n...

Page 23: ...oise blanker as well Fig 14 demonstrates how ignition noise is reduced by the DNL Fig 14 The effect of DNL on ignition noise The DNL works in SSB CW FSK and AM modes and it can be used in conjunction with other interference reduction and noise elimination features Noise reduction There are two methods available for noise reduction NR1 and NR2 NR1 is a line enhancer that employs adaptive filter tec...

Page 24: ...24 Fig 15 NR OFF Fig 16 NR1 ON Fig 17 NR2 ON ...

Page 25: ...hen the AGC has already attenuated both the interference and the target signal To combat this sort of beat IF shift is used to eliminate the interference Figs 18 and 19 show how BC cancels beat signals as monitored by an FFT analyzer You can see how the three beats present in the signal are removed with almost surgical precision Fig 18 BC OFF Fig 19 BC ON There are two methods available for beat c...

Page 26: ...ence reduction In AM mode if you select NAR RX is possible using this SSB IF filter Listed below are the cutoff frequencies unit Hz that can be chosen default values are shown in bold SSB FM Low cut 0 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Hi cut 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3400 4000 5000 AM Low cut 0 100 200 500 Hi cut 2500 3000 4000 5000 In CW and FSK modes the AF...

Page 27: ...a communications filters these data communications filters can be used in SSB mode You can choose from 3 center frequencies and 7 WIDTH settings Listed below are the filter types unit Hz that can be chosen default values are shown in bold For data communications Center 1000 1500 2210 WIDTH 50 100 250 500 1000 1500 2400 During PSK31 operations the center frequency is set to either 1000Hz or 1500Hz ...

Page 28: ...RCP 480 software can be applied by selecting U user from any of the TS 480 s equalizer menus While it is true that neither the built in equalizers nor the audio editor software provide the same degree of freedom as the graphic equalizers found in audio entertainment equipment they are useful as a means for tailoring audio quality to suit CW auto tune A useful feature for tuning in to another stati...

Page 29: ...the adjustment rate you can make it easier to tune 04 Frequency step for the main encoder in FM mode You can change frequency with the main encoder in the same way that you can change channels 05 Frequency rounding for the MULTI control With this switched OFF if you accidentally change frequency with the MULTI control you can return to the original frequency Tuning 06 Frequency step size for BC ba...

Page 30: ... dedicated graphic equalizer but it is useful for tailoring TX frequency characteristics to match your mic and voice DSP TX filters 20 DSP TX filter bandwidth As this is AF DSP it is not as versatile as IF DSP but it can be used to remove low frequencies during transmit Fine tuning TX output 21 TX power output control You can choose between a 5W step and a 1W step Useful for fine adjustment of out...

Page 31: ...0 however operation is limited by the capabilities of the AT 300 28 Linear amp control for HF band Linear amp 29 Linear amp control for 50MHz band You can control the linear amp independently for the HF and 50MHz bands And if the amp is not compatible with full break in you can add in a delay for the TX attack 30 VGS 1 constant recording With the VGS 1 Voice Guide and storage unit installed you ca...

Page 32: ...tion to suit either right handed or left handed use 39 Auto CW TX in SSB mode Automatically switch mode to CW transmission by simply operating the paddle CW 40 Define CW tune frequency Useful if used in combination with 39 as there is no need to operate the dial to zero in on a target 41 FSK shift 42 FSK keying polarity FSK 43 FSK tone frequency Standard FSK operating parameters are covered by the...

Page 33: ...eful if the transceiver is to be used for RX only as it prevents unintentional transmissions PC data rate 56 COM port communication speed Select 4800 115200bps External devices 57 DTS polarity In data communications this switches the logic for transmission You should match polarity to the external device you are using TX inhibit 58 Busy lockout You can select BSY lockout to inhibit transmission wh...

Page 34: ... widest passband available in that mode for as long as the PF key is depressed This is a quick way to check on nearby interference 65 Main encoder lock You can lock the main encoder This prevents unintentional operation of the encoder when the transceiver is being used in a vehicle 66 SEND key There is no SEND key on the control panel but this role can be assigned to a PF key 67 TX tuning Irrespec...

Page 35: ... 1 2 90 NB 91 NR 92 BC 93 DNL You can assign a function you often use to a PF key on the mic Also a function defined by pressing the key for 1 second can be called up instantly For example if you find yourself frequently switching between antennas you can save time if you assign a panel PF key to ANT 1 2 99 OFF No function is assigned to the PF key ...

Page 36: ...veral settings at once To solve this problem the TS 480 offers two sets of menus A and B Switching between these can greatly simplify operations for example when switching from DX to local from regular to data communications or from fixed station to mobile operations Quick menu The TS 480 offers many menu functions If you know which functions you use most of the time you can arrange for other func...

Page 37: ...n see the TX RX unit the filter unit and the relay unit seen from below there are the RF unit and the final unit or final AT unit in the case of the SAT model There is also a separate display unit in the standalone control panel Figs 23 25 illustrate the arrangement of these units Filter unit Relay unit TX RX unit Final unit RF unit Final AT unit RF unit Fig 23 View from above both models Fig 24 V...

Page 38: ...ig 26 illustrates how the TS 480 is cooled The air that is sucked in through the front panel and the top and bottom of the case directly cools the surface of those internal components that are generating heat such as the final section At the same time it absorbs the heat that has dispersed through the die cast chassis before being expelled by the twin cooling fans at the rear As you can tell from ...

Page 39: ... to suspend the filter unit was made in order to fit in as many cooling fins as possible by packing in the components Figs 27 29 are photographs of the TH 480HX die cast aluminum chassis The final transistors are positioned on the four raised areas circled that can be seen in the middle of the chassis underside On the opposite side to the final transistors running across the middle of the upper si...

Page 40: ... for 30 minutes at 200W To provide a comparison plotted on the same graph is test data compiled for a compact 100W model designed so as not to power down during continuous transmission at 100W Fig 30 Temperature rise around final transistors Fig 31 Temperature rise of die cast aluminum chassis around GND terminal on rear ...

Page 41: ...l transmission but you can see that we have taken into full consideration the rise in temperature that occurs during continuous transmission Despite the fact that the TS 480 Series is compact it has the same heavy duty specifications as the previous fixed station model Nevertheless electronic components whether from Kenwood or another manufacturer are generally susceptible to heat the higher the t...

Page 42: ...provides a good grip and is more pleasing to the touch In addition installed inside this standalone panel is a 66mm diameter speaker Since the speaker grill is on the rear of the panel you might wonder whether it can deliver sufficient volume However when you are actually using the standalone panel you will find that the sound is reflected off your desk the dashboard of your car or the windshield ...

Page 43: ...tion If beforehand you record standard CQ messages such as your callsign in the voice message memory you can transmit them repeatedly at will a feature that is extremely useful for DX peditions and contests The main features of this message recording playback function are as follows There are three recording channels You can record up to 30 seconds in each channel using all three channels this all...

Page 44: ...ssign a PF key using menu 48 to 62 by switching to Voice2 you can hear the S meter level being read out Introduced here are a few of the benefits of the TS 480 Voice Guide Some of these are automatic while others are accessed by the PF keys 1 Reset When the power is switched on if you press the power switch together with either A B or A B the Voice Guide will automatically respond with the query V...

Page 45: ... QMR and the Voice Guide will announce Quick Memory the channel number and the stored frequency 8 Variable Voice Guide speed With Menu 16 you can adjust the speed 5 levels of the Voice Guide to suit your preference The factory setting is level 1 Note that as the speed increases the tone of the voice changes 9 S meter level By assigning the Voice2 function to a PF key you can hear the S meter level...

Page 46: ...Main functions 1 Button layout basic operation Just as when one uses the tuning control on the TS 480 to change frequency how one changes frequency with ARCP 480 is very important We have made the ARCP 480 software easier to use by improving the way you use the mouse to change frequency Click on the tuning control icon to enter tuning mode To raise the frequency keep your finger on the left mouse ...

Page 47: ...es in this window 3 CW keying You can also use ARCP for keying If you think you may have made a mistake while keying ARCP 480 allows you to click the Stop button to prevent the message from being sent although with previous versions of ARCP you could not do this Also you can enter special codes with a few exceptions from the keyboard Since you can now enter BT and other special codes from the keyb...

Page 48: ...remote control of the transceiver over a LAN or WAN ARCP 480 is equipped with the remote functions for this system To use KNS you need to have at least 2 computers the remote one having ARCP installed and the host computer having ARHP installed The basic arrangement is to connect the TS 480 to a host computer which is on a LAN and to install ARHP 10 on this computer ARCP 480 is then installed on t...

Page 49: ...mission some network problem arises that prevents you from executing the command for the transceiver to switch back to RX the ARHP 10 software itself is equipped with a function that after the passage of a fixed period of time will switch the transceiver back to RX mode However please make sure that you can obtain rapid access to the host if a malfunction occurs This software cannot handle every p...

Page 50: ...the connection by clicking on CON as you would with any other ARCP software If a normal connection is established the green indicator lights on the CON button When you are connected using the KNS system certain functions are not available For details refer to ARCP ARHP Help In order to remotely control a transceiver via a WAN you must apply for permission For details refer to the instruction manua...

Page 51: ...directions To conduct voice communications in most instances ports 1503 and 1720 are opened and if needed NAT Network Address Translation set up to enable the two parties to converse via VoIP If you are using a router that is not compatible with Microsoft NetMeeting you may not be able to conduct voice communications via VoIP even with the communications ports open and the correct NAT settings If ...

Page 52: ...n order to hear the audio received by the TS 480 this connects the transceiver s EXT SP terminal to the input terminal on the PC sound card 2 Checking LAN settings In order to operate KNS you must first check the correct settings operating system home LAN devices In regards to a LAN by ensuring that each device is set up correctly communications should be possible however if the connection is made...

Page 53: ... name and password of the user to connect The host administrator then informs the remote PC user of the above user name and password as well as other relevant information such as how to make up an audio cable for use with either the DATA terminal or MIC EXP SP The remote PC user can then connect to this host using the information provided Note that a red X mark within the user frame indicates that...

Page 54: ...54 ...

Page 55: ... currently using at your own risk Generally speaking you can use any modem that is compatible with Microsoft NetMeeting If your operating system is XP switch off the ICF personal firewall provided by Windows With a high speed modem connected directly to my PC running Windows XP KNS does not work If the ICF personal firewall of Windows XP is switched on you should switch it off however be aware tha...

Page 56: ...our transmission once the time is up it will return the transceiver to RX even if you are in the middle of transmission Is KNS compatible with digital communications PSK31 SSTV etc There is a delay with KNS If you are using a WAN this delay increases so it is not suitable for the various types of digital communications or other operations that demand a quick response It is also not recommended if ...

Page 57: ... to your computer After you have completed these checks mute the PC output Check that you are using a compatible operating system Check that Voice is checked in the ARHP 10 setup window If using a WAN check that KNS will work locally over your LAN If using a WAN check your communications hardware and ISP settings If you are using a router try removing it temporarily to see if that makes a differen...

Page 58: ...network settings including the ISP service for the host computer If using a WAN check that KNS will work locally over your LAN If using a WAN check your communications hardware and ISP settings If you are using a router try removing it temporarily to see if that makes a difference Check that Voice is checked in the ARCP setup window Check the modulation line Check that the host PC audio cable conn...

Page 59: ...TS 480 In Depth Manual Published in April 2004 by Kenwood Corporation Communications Equipment Division Unauthorized reproduction is forbidden Copyright 2004 KENWOOD CORPORATION ...

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