GENERAL RADIO COMPANY 1650-B Instruction Manual Download Page 1

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Summary of Contents for 1650-B

Page 3: ...R tl 10 micromhos to 1 mho ext supply or detector requ red 10 micromhos Capacitance 1 pF to 1100 pF series or parallel 7 ranges Inductance 1 pH to 1100 H series or parallel 7 ranges Resistance ac or dc 1 mR to 1 1 MR 7 ranges Conductance ac or dc 1 nanomho to 1 1 mhos 7 ranges Dissipation Factor D at 1 kHz 0 001to 1 of series C 0 1to 50 of parallel C Storage Factor Q at 1 kHz 0 02to 10 of series L...

Page 4: ...easurement of AC Resistance or Conductancewith Reactance 3 5 3 6 Measurement of Transducers 3 5 3 7 Resonant Frequency of Tuned Circuits 3 6 3 8 Shielded ThreeTerminal Components 3 6 3 9 Remote Measurements 3 6 3 10 Measurement of Grounded Components 3 7 3 11 Use of the Type 165Q PlTest Jig 3 7 3 12 Limit Testing 3 7 1 General 4 2 DC Resistance 4 3 AC Resistance 4 4 Inductance 4 5 Capacitance 4 6 ...

Page 5: ...s external amplifier or earphones for additional sensiti Ground d MULTIPLIER switch Multiply CGRL dial setting by switch range for result DETector SENSitivity control accuracy choose MULTIPLIER ting for balance between 1 and set 10 vity or selectivity DO dial OR THO NULL switch When set to IN clutch engaged between EXTernal DO jack Useful for extending DO range with a decade box EXTernal GENerator...

Page 6: ...ccess to the knobs and the best view of the meter and dials The instrument may be locked fully open by the same slide pins that are used to lock the instrument closed Thus the instrument can be carried in the open position with the cover firmly in place Whether the instrument is open or closed the cover forms a convenient storage place for the instruc 1 3 POWER SUPPLY The Type 1650 B is powered by...

Page 7: ...series inductance henry a unit of inductance millihenry 1mH 1 x 10 3 H microhenry 1 pH 1x 10 6 H ground case chassis unknown inductance resistance the realpart of an impedance ratio arm resistance standard 10 k n resistor CGRL rheostat resistance bridge residual resistance 1 5 SERIES AND PARALLEL COMPONENTS An impedance that is neither a pure reactance nor a pure resistance may be represented at a...

Page 8: ...rom a portable assembly to a rack mounted assembly To accomplish the mechani cal and electrical changeover a Rack Adaptor Set P N 1650 3350 must be ordered from General Radio To mount the instrument in a rack adaptor panel proceed a s follows Figure 1 4 a Open the instrument to its horizontal position full open and lock the handle 32 SCREWS A FLAT WASHERIM PLATEIL SCREW 6 AT WASHER GI LOCK WASHER ...

Page 9: ...ed in step b n Loosen nut K on both sides of the opening in the rack panel and slide plate L toward the outside of the panel Tighten nut K slightly s o that L won t slide o Put a large flatwasher E over the projecting screws on each side of the instrument p Set the back of the instrument on a flat surface face upward Turn the instrument s o that it is right side up a s you look at it q Lower the a...

Page 10: ...uble plug patch cord 36 long 274 NLM Shielded double plug patch cord 24 long 274 NLS Shielded double plug patch cord 12 long 274 LLB Single plug patch cord black 36 long 274 LLR Single plug patch cord red 36 long 274 LMB Single plug patch cord black 24 long 274 LMR Single plug patch cord red 24 long 274 LSB Single plug patch cord black 12 long 274 LSR Single plug patch cord red 12 long 1560 PY5 Ad...

Page 11: ...274 9454 or 9455 respectively These jacks are spaced inch on centers s o that a GR Type 274 MB Insulated Double Plug P N 0274 9875 can be used between the EXT GEN and G terminals or the OPP ARM and G terminals General Radio also makes a variety of intercon necting cables that can be used in various system interconnections Some of these cables are shown in Table 1 1 Figure 1 7 Methods of connection...

Page 12: ...esponsive detector The next two pages concisely state the informa tion needed for making basic measurements The schematics include all relevent bridge terminals to aid the user in making special measurements that require bias etc The symbols on the diagrams are the same a s those defined in Section 1 A short discussion of Orthonull usage detector sensitivity etc relating to basic measurement pract...

Page 13: ...tch to OUT f Turn OSC L E V E L clockwise The panel control affects only the internal oscillator g Turn DQ dial near 0 2 on the HIGH D scale h Turn CGRL dial near 11 i Adiust DET SENS for about 6 divisions deflection i Turn MULTIPLIER switch for minimum meter reading k Alternately adiust first the DQ dial then the CGRL dial for the best null increasing the DET SENS as needed I ORTHONULL switch sho...

Page 14: ...h to OUT and PARAMETER switch to G e Turn CGRL dial near 11 f Adiust DET SENS control for about 6 divisions deflection g Turn MULTIPLIER switch for minimum reading to the left of center if making a dc measurement Null as usual if making an ac measure ment DQ rheostat not in the circuit h Adiust CGRL dial for best ac null or zero the pointer if using dc If ac null is not sharp a reactive balance ma...

Page 15: ... the bridge and the unknown com ponent from damage It is also advis able to limit the current to 5 mA or less to protect the operator from injury The maximum voltage limit standard EIA test voltages and some military test voltages are described below I Max 100mA 100m 71 m A 22 m A 14 1 mA 14 1 m A 14 1 m A Unless the utmost in sensitivity or a standard test voltage is desired a supply of about 100...

Page 16: ...ntinuous full rated load operation at an GR Bridges Qualification ambient temp of 1608 1652 125 C GR Bridges Conformance 1608 1652 1650 Mil R 19A 11 9 56 f 10 f 1 O As small as Amend No 2 1 6 59 practical Low Operating Temp GR Bridges 1608 1652 Wirewound Variable 1650 ambient tEmp of 40 C up to 105 C Mil R 22B 3 21 62 f 10 f1 0 As small as Power Type Wirewound GR Bridges 1608 1652 practical Variab...

Page 17: ...en when the bridge input i s short circuited The bridge input impedance at the EXT GEN jack i s a minimum of 30 fl resistive at 1 kHz when the bridge i s set to measure a short circuit on the UNKNOWN terminals This i s shunted by the inductance of the primary of the bridge transformer which i s approximately 0 25 13 In some cases where more input power is re quired particularly in measurements of ...

Page 18: ...uency It will facilitate the balance w b n the unknown is very lossy i e has a high D or a low Q at the frequency of measurement The white sectors of the DQ dial are adjusted for IkHz At other frequencies they don t apply The balancing procedure essentially the same a s without Orthonull once the Orthonull mechanism i s engaged is a s follows a Set the bridge switches a s described in the Operatin...

Page 19: ...RATION Up to 600 V of dc bias may be applied to the un known capacitor by any of several different methods r DET pDET The simplest method can be used for measuring only series capacitance fortunately this is how most ca pacitors are specified WARNING Charged capacitors form a shock hazard and care should be taken to ensure per sonal safety during measurement and to be sure that the capacitors are ...

Page 20: ...limited by a resistor since the impedance of the source should be high WARNING Note that the LOW UNKNOWN terminal has the high voltageon it in this method 3 2 2 EXTERNAL AC GENERATOR OPERATION When both external ac and dc supplies are used hum may be introduced by the capacitance to the line in the power transformers of these generators The bridge should be set up a s shown in Figure 3 1 with both...

Page 21: ...INDUCTORS OR RESISTORS METHODS 1 AND 2 Method 3 Figure 3 2c This method is recommended for large inductors since the maximum current is the same for any range In this method both the bridge and the dc supply are grounded The maximum allowable current for any range is 40 mA The output impedance of the dc supply should be high enough to avoid loading the detector a series resistor is often useful an...

Page 22: ...der to measure small ac signal resistance For voltage sensitive de vices diodes and varistors the ac resistance is the slope of the dc voltage current curve For thermally sensitive devices the ac resistance is equal to the dc resistance as long a s the time constant is much longer than the period of the ac signal Several methods of applying dc are shown in Figure 3 4 Method 1 Figure 3 40 In this m...

Page 23: ...Monitor the active circuit s output voltage with an oscilloscope and keep the 1650 B Bridge oscilla tor level reduced as much as possible to keep the de vice under test from saturating NOTE A sliding null can occur if the unknown i s inductive because Ra appears in the null equations of both Rx and L 3 6 MEASUREMENT OF TRANSDUCERS The small residuals careful frequency compen sation Orthonull and r...

Page 24: ...ably small paragraph 4 6 Often the shield of an inductor is not connected to either terminal When the inductance and frequency are low s o that stray capacitance across the inductor causes negligible error the shield should be connected to the UNKNOWN terminal marked LOW When the in ductance or frequency is high the effective induc tance is increased because of the shunting capacitance The error i...

Page 25: ...s screw makes the ground connection to the jig and also holds the connector in place The leads of the test jig may be brought around in back of and underneath the bridge s o that the jig may be located directly in front of the bridge without interference from the leads Figure 3 11 Type 1650 P1 Test Jig 3 11 3 RESIDUAL IMPEDANCES OF THE TEST JIG The residual resistance of the leads i s about 80 m n...

Page 26: ...impedance to be measured is very low very high or very lossy read the relevant paragraphs in this section and make the required cor rections Note that by increasing the measuring fre quency very small inductive impedances can often be moved up by decreasing the frequency small capaci tive impedances can be moved up into more easily measured areas 4 2 DC RESISTANCE The accuracy of dc resistance mea...

Page 27: ...s amount should be subtracted from the bridge reading paragraph 4 10 The inductance accuracy is reduced slightly if Q is less than 0 1 However even with Orthonull balance to 1 is impossible Errors at other frequen cies are discussed in paragraphs 4 11 and 4 12 4 5 CAPACITANCE The accuracy of the C reading is 1 if the balance is made between 1 and 11 on the CGRL dial Below 1 on the dial the accurac...

Page 28: ...applies directly to Q but the fixed accuracy term k0 001 does not apply directly because Q 1 D 1 0 001 k1000 which is not true Also the corrections for residual and lead impedances must be taken into account paragraph 4 10 4 8 ORTHONULL ACCURACY The advantage of Orthonull is illustrated in Figure 4 3 which i s a plot of the numbers of adjust ments necessary for a balance Not only does the Orthonul...

Page 29: ...1652 12 Figure 4 5 DQ ranges vs frequency Add or subtract from measured value as indicated ACCURACY 4 4 ...

Page 30: ... ranges Figure 4 5 permits D and Q coverage down to 100 Hz without external adjustment Below 1 kHz more of the low D and high Q range can be used than is calibrated In this region the low Q scale can be used to indicate D directly and the high D scale used to indicate Q directly with a maximum additional error of 2 Below 100 Hz there i s a D and Q range not covered by the internal DQ adjustment An...

Page 31: ... kHz is always minus For greater accuracy between 50 and 100 kHz add 1 to the indicated value 4 When measuring D or Q above 20 kHz always use the Cp L bridges The above information is given merely a s a guide for those wondering what accuracy they might reason ably expect at frequencies from 20 to 100 kHz Frequency 50 kHz 100 kHz NOTE Bridges are not tested at these fre quencies and thus operation...

Page 32: ...heatstone bridge measures a n unknown resistance R in terms of calibrated standards of resistance connected a s shown in Figure 5 1 The relation is 5 1 3 AC BRIDGES The Wheatstone bridge circuit i s eas ily adapted to ac measurement With complex impedances two balance conditions must be satisfied one for the resis tive component and one for the reactive component At balance Equation 2 expresses th...

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Page 34: ...ment of direct capacitance C between H and L terminals Because this type of bridge can tolerate relatively large capacitances from both sides of the unknown to the guard point long cables with guard shields can be used for remote measurement and circuit capacitances can often be measured in situ Conventional bridges can also be adapted for three terminal measurements although they generally cannot...

Page 35: ...ND DETECTORS Several GR bridges include both generator and detector Some others the Types 1615 716 C and 716 CS1 Capacitance Bridges and the Types 1632 and 1633 Inductance Bridges are available a s complete measuring assemblies with generator detector inter connecting cables relay rack and other accessories Unless one obtains such a complete system he must carefully choose generator and detector t...

Page 36: ... tive inductance to balance out the stray capacitance C3 This capacitor compensates for the induc tance of the 1 0 ratio arm R5 C4 This capacitor compensates for the induc tance of the 10 n ratio arm R6 C7 and C8 These capacitors correct the phase angle of the DQ potentiometer RT to compensate for the inductance of the winding Without compensation this inductance would cause an error in C and L p ...

Page 37: ...aller Q s convergence is even slower The Orthonull device makes the two adjustments orthogonal by nonreciprocally ganging RN and RT From the equation it is apparent that if RN RT re mained constant a s RN was varied only the imaginary part of the bridge impedance would change But when RT is adjusted RN must not move to vary only the real part The solution is a simple mechanism to permit nonrecipro...

Page 38: ...mbers of the instrument Before returning an instrument to General Radio for service please write to our Service Department or nearest District Office requesting a Returned Material Tag Use of this tag will ensure proper handling and identification For instruments not covered by the warranty a purchase order should be forwarded to avoid unnecessary delay 6 3 MINIMUM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The eighte...

Page 39: ...0R CGRL SEL Function Switch INT 1 kHz INT 1 kHz INT 1 kHz INT 1 kHz l N T 6 V l N T 6 V EXT 200 V INT 1 kHz INT 1 kHz INT 1 kHz EXT 1 kHz EXT 1 kHz EXT 1 kHz EXT 1 kHz EXT 4 kHz EXT 4 kHz INT 1 kHz INT 1 kHz CGRL MULT Read R 1 0 f l div R l f1 2div R 1 f1 2 div R l f1 2div R I f1 2div R 1 1 2div R l f1 2div G 1 f1 2div C 10 3 f1 2 div D note reading about 0 1 59 C 1 03 k112 div D must be within 11...

Page 40: ...55568584 GR Type 14409601 GR Type 144C 9611 GR Type 14409621 GR Type 14409631 GR Type 1440 9641 GR Type 144C 9651 GR Type 14409661 GR Type 1560P95 GR Type 0274 9892 GR Type 1232 662587366841 RECOMMENDED TEST EQUIPMENT MINIMUM USE SPECIFICATIONS Range 30 0 to 16 kn Accuracy f 0 3 Range 900 1100 Hz and 4 kHz Accuracy f 2 Hz Amplitude 3 V rms Range 900 1100 Hz and 4 kHz Accuracy f 2 Hz Input Resistan...

Page 41: ...trol on 7 Is DET SENS control on 8 Are the batteries correctly in place No meter indication or a low meter indication may be due to weak or dead batteries lowoscillator output poor detector sensitivity or a faulty meter If the trouble persists in the DC INTERNAL 6 V posi tion of the function switch where the oscillator and detector are switched out the fault is in either the batteries or the meter...

Page 42: ...rrect between 1 and 10 6 5 REPAIR NOTES 6 5 1 BATTERY REPLACEMENT The 1650 B Impedance Bridge is powered by four D cells which will last for over 500 hours operation wit11 normal use The instrument can operate with somewhat reduced battery voltage but the detector sensitivity will decrease and the oscillator level will decrease and have increased distortion For a quick check of the battery use the...

Page 43: ...switch set to POWER OFF but change the CGRL PARAMETER switch to Lp This connects the CGRL PARAMETER rheostat be tween ground and the BIAS terminals The resistance measured should equal the setting of the CGRL dial in kilohms a s in Table 6 6 6 6 4 DQ DIAL Set the function switch to POWER OFF the CGRL PARAMETER switch to C and the DQ dial fully counterclockwise 50 on H I G D scale Connect a dc resi...

Page 44: ...full cw Perform the checks listed in Table 6 7 by measurement of the output of the oscillator between the collector of 4103 and ground If operation is found to be abnormal perform a stage by stage voltage check of the transistors refer Tocheckthe detector set the controls a s follows PARAMETER s GENERATOR ACEXTERNAL CGRL Full ccw DQ Full ccw MULTIPLIER 100 p F DET SENS Full cw Continue with the fo...

Page 45: ...at has been damaged or to replace the associated control proceed a s follows a Grasp the knob firmly with the fingers close into the panel or the indicator dial if applicable and pull the knob straight away from the panel CAUTION Do not pull on the dial to remove a dial knob assembly Always remove the knob first To avoid damage to the knob and other parts of the control do not pry the knob loose w...

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Page 47: ...0R 1 40 1 2 W Film lOOO 20 1 112 W Film 1KO 20 1 112 W Film 1kR 20 1 1 2 W Film lOkO 20 1 1 2 W Film lOOkO 20 1 l 2 W Film 1MR 0 1 1 2 W Composition 3 9k Q 25 1 2 W Composition 10052 25 112 W Composition 750R 25 1 2 W Composition 220kQ 25 1 2 W Potentiometer Variable 2 5kR 210 Potentiometer Variable 50k0 210 Film 15 8kR 21 2 1 2 W Film 21 5kR fl 2 1 2 W Film 59kQ 21 1 2 W Film 2 74kR 21 112 W Comp...

Page 48: ...ISCELLANEOUS B1 Battcry 1 5 V J1 Jack J2 Jack J3 Jack J4 Jack Js Jack J6 Jack J7 Jack J8 Jack JlOl Jack 5102 Jack J103 Jack M1 Metcr PLlOl Plug PL102 Plug PL103 Plug SlOl Switch Rotary SlOJ Switch Rotary S103 Switch Rotary T I Transfomier 8410 0200 4 77542 4150 3200 24655 4150 3200 24655 4260 1030 82389 4260 1041 82389 0938 3000 24655 0938 3000 24655 4260 1041 82389 4150 3200 24655 Built Ln Built ...

Page 49: ...ETECTOR OSCILLATOR R107 AND OR RIOB MAY BE REMOVED TO ADJUST OSCILLATOR LEVEL BOTTOM VIEW OF TRANSISTORS Figure 6 6 Schematic diogrom of the internal oscillator and detector SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE 6 1 1 ...

Page 50: ...let to hold foot to cover assembly ORTHONULL control knob DQ Dial knob Marked dial and bushing assembly Complete cabinet handle assemb y DQ dial indicator Screw binder head No 6 32 5 8 in Spacer metal No 6 3 8 in OSC LEVEL knob Port No 5500 5420 1650 1240 ME 3 701 5500 5321 5500 5420 1650 1250 5520 5221 5460 1303 7060 0902 5520 5520 1650 1520 5168 1350 5168 0680 4182 2002 5260 0760 5170 5030 5500 ...

Page 51: ...ten 114 28 screws t o 4555 in Ibs torque Bend mounting plate t o give 1 32 to 1116 spacing both sides Name INSTRUCTION PLATE I I Part No Part No Instruction Plate Name Plate 8140 0105 Slide Handle 536B1013 GR Part No IDE WASHER MOUNT1NG PLATE NAME PLATE 16508 16 Name Figure 6 0 Complete handle and mounting plate assembly P N 5361 2002 GR Part No ...

Page 52: ...DET PARAMETER MULTIPLIER Figure 6 9 Schematic diagram of 1650 8 Impedance Bridge SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE 6 13 ...

Page 53: ...utility as a null detector is enhanced by high Detector gain longlife battery power and the optional logarith amp and companion 8 in in mic response characteristic The output is adequate to strument drive headphones ACCESSORY Type 1560 P95 Adaptor Cable Type 1650 PI Test Jig Type 1412 BC Decade Capacitor Type 1350 Generator Recorder Assembly Type 1232 Tuned Amplifier and Null Detector Types 1309 1...

Page 54: ...nd to the to the length of the blank portion on the generator dial so that many charts can be recorded with complete synchronization of the chart and the dial frequency Catalog Number I Description I Generator RecorderAssembly 1350 9701 1350 A for 60 Hz supply 1350 9494 1350 AQ1 for 50 Hz supply EXTERNAL GENERATORS General Radio manufactures several oscillators that can be used as external generat...

Page 55: ...1433 J 1433 L 1433 8 1433 T 1433 N 1433 M 1433 P 1433 Y 1433 W 1433 X 1433 6 1433 2 1433 F 1433 6 1 4 3 3 4 Bench 1433 9700 1433 9702 1433 9704 1433 9706 1433 9708 1433 9710 1433 9712 1433 9714 1433 9716 1433 9718 1433 9720 1433 9722 1433 9724 1433 9726 1433 9729 1433 9731 1433 9733 Resistance Per Step 0 1 P 1 0 R 10 R 1 R div 1 0R 0 1 R Description Decade Resistor 1434 N 1434 M 1434 P 1434 QC 143...

Page 56: ...y shunted by a metal bellows to assure a positive low resistanceconnection A release mechanism automatically disengagesthe drive to pre vent damage when the electrodes are in contact The movable electrode adjusts itself to the plane of the specimen surface The vernier capacitor with the micrometer screw is for use in the susceptance variation method of measurement and for precise C balance with lo...

Page 57: ...inductance and capacitance for values of dissipation factor up to 10 0 down to 0 1 To illustrate use of the nomograph assume a parallel capacitance of 2pF and a D of 7 A straight line connecting these two points is seen to cross the center Cs bar at 100 Therefore the equivalent series capacitance is 100 pF 2 C C I D 1 2 log CS log Cp log l D 1 2 5 2 APPENDIX 5 ...

Page 58: ...igures are to be determined TO FlND REACTANCE Enter the charts vertically from the bottom frequency and along the lines slanting upward to the left capaci tance or to the right inductance Corresponding scales red or black must be used throughout Project hori zontally to the left from the intersection and read reac tance TO FIND RESONANT FREQUENCY Enter the slanting lines for the given inductance a...

Page 59: ...E OF FIGURE 2 Figure 2 gives additional precision but does not place the decimal point which must be located from a prelim FIGURE 2 inary entry on Figure 1 Since the chart necessarily requires two logarithmic decades for inductance and ca pacitance for every single decade of frequency and reac tance unless the correct decade for L and C is chosen the calculated values of reactance and frequency wi...

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GENERAL RADIO COMPANY 1650-B, Instruction Manual

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