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Fluke PM6690 Service Manual Download Page 185

Oscillator Circuits,

PCB 1, sheet 5(7)

Schematic Diagrams 9-39

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

D

D

C

C

B

B

A

A

STD OSC ON/OFF

OVEN OSC ON/OFF

RUBIDIUM ON/OFF

PLL LOCK

LOAD PLL

AN

AN

BN

OVEN OSC ON/OFF
RUBIDIUM ON/OFF

STD OSC ON/OFF

100MHz

-5.2L

100MHz

+3.3U49

+3.3U49

S/R_ON/OFF

S/R_ON/OFF

BN

100MHz

LOAD OVEN

PLL LOCK

U PRD

U PRD

+3.3V_U4 1

10MHZ_RUBIDIUM

1

+12VO

-2.1V

+3.3V_PLL

+3.3V_U4

+3.3V_U4

+12VO

+3.3V_PLL

+3.3VD

-5.2VA

+3.3VD

-5.2VA

-2.1V

-2.1V

-2.1V

-2.1V

+5VD

+3.3VD

-5.2VA

+3.3VA

+3.3VA

+3.3VA

-5.2VA

-12VA

-12VA

-12VA

-2.1V

+3.3V_U4

+3.3VA

+3.3VA

-2.1V

-12VA

-5.2VA

+3.3VA

+5VD

+3.3VD

STD OSC TRIM

2

SPICLK

1,2

SPIDATA

1,2

AN

3

A

3

PRESC ON 5
PRESC TEST 5
OPTION

5

OPCLK

5

C

5

+12VU

7

B

3

+12VA

1,4,5,7

+5VA

1,4,5

-12VA

1,4,7,8

-5.2VA

7

+3.3VA

7,8

+3.3VD

1,2,5,7,8

BURST

5

BN

3

+5VD

1,2,5,7,8

SPIPLL

2

SPIOVEN

2

PLL LOCK

2

UPRD

2

S T D OS C.

OVEN OS C.

16.3

m

A

16.

3

m

A

PHAS E L OCK L OOP

C218
10PF

C168
1N

R332
39K

C202

100NF

R281

1K

U48B
LVC1G04

VC

C

5

GN

D

3

R309

47

BAV99

D26

R568

47

L8

BLM21A102S

C177

33PF

R318
47

R334
100

R287
47

L10

BLM21A102S

C5
100NF

10N

C190

C185

15pF

R270

10K

R275

10K

R294
47K

R321
10K

U5A

LTC8043

VRef

1

RFb

2

SRI

6

CLK

7

LD

5

IOut

3

10N

C211

L14
BLM21A102S

C495

NOT USED

R336

Not Used

R322
39K

&

U12E

10E104

23
24

18

17

C222
10PF

L5

BLM21A102S

C220
10PF

L52

BLM21A102S

10N

C189

10N

C225

10N

C174

&

ALVC00

U4B

6

4

5

C171
100P

R609

100

R314

47

R306
100

Q26

BC847B

C182
33PF

J2A
NOT USED MINICOAX-3

10N

C203

R9

NOT USED

R304
NOT USED

10N

C181

BAV99

D28

C210
100NF

Q20
BFS17

R296

100

C186
68P

C175

100NF

R343
68

R293
10K

L12

BLM21A102S

L13

BLM21A102S

R319

47

C498
22PF

C195
100NF

1M

R274

R303
47K

R338

100

R342
820

R337
100

C176

100P

R341

22

R315

47

BAV99

D27

10N

C207

R352

4.7K

R276
47K

C183
2.2UF-6.3V

&

U12A

10E104

4
5

8

7

10N

C226

C213

15UF-6.3V

L57
BLM21A102S

R325
47

BAV99

D29

C201

100NF

10N

C209

R272
3.3K

U7B
OPA277

V+

7

V-

4

C184
100P

R291

4.7K

C208
100NF

Q22
BFS17

R320

47

X52

&

ALVC00

U4C

8

9

10

10N

C214

R310
68

R348
100

R329

2.2K

Q25

BSR12

Q24

BSR12

10N

C494

&

U12D

10E104

25
26

15

14

R351

10

R295

100

R344
68

R346
680

10N

C206

D24
SMV1255-073

U9A

ADF4001

CP

2

RSET/FLD

1

RFINB

5

RFINA

6

REFIN

8

CLK

11

DATA

12

LE

13

MUXOUT

14

CE

10

L58
NOT USED

10N

C223

U47B

LVC1G04

VC

C

5

GN

D

3

R608

100

BAV99

D25

X67

Q27

BC847B

R588

NOT USED

R335
47

C170
100P

R307
100

R326

100

U49B
NOT USED 1G04

VC

C

5

GN

D

3

10N

C173

R308
100

R282
47

10N

C212

R347

22

Q21

BFS17

U49A

NOT USED 1G04

2

4

-

+

U7A

OPA277

3

2

6

1

8

R349
100

&

U12B

10E104

2
3

10

9

R333
270

R8

Not Used

R292

4.7K

L9

BLM21A102S

U6B
OPA277

V+

7

V-

4

COUNTER CIRCUIT

U11B

SpartanIIE-2

PLLLOCK

6

RBLOCK

7

10MOVEN

206

10MSTD

205

10MRB

204

100M

185

10MPLL

202

OVENCTRL

5

RBCTRL

4

STDCTRL

3

S/R_CTRL

42

A

10

AN

11

B

20

BN

21

SR

45

SRN

46

C

47

D

55

CTRL0

48

CTRL1

49

CTRL2

109

CTRL3

110

CTRL4

188

U0

77

U1

98

U2

99

U3

199

U4

200

U5

203

R277
4.7K

C178
22PF

Q19

BFS17

U4E

ALVC00

GN

D

7

VC

C

14

10N

C216

R331
10K

B1

10 MHZ / CO-08

CV In

1

CV Out

2

+12V

3

Out

4

GND

5

R350
680

R271
220

U8C
LM358

V+

8

V-

4

+

-

U8A

LM358

2

3

1

R279
47

R311
68

Q18
BFS17

C187

47P

C193
100NF

U9B

ADF4001

CP

G

ND

3

AGND

4

AV

DD

7

DG

ND

9

DV

DD

15

VP

16

R330

Not Used

L11

BLM41P800S

R624
2.2K

C194
100NF

R284
10K

R327

47

C179
22PF

-

+

U6A

OPA277

3

2

6

1

8

&

ALVC00

U4A

3

1

2

C169
1N

B2

10MHZ

U12F

10E104

VE

E

1

V

CC0

16

F2

19

VC

C

11

F1

20

V

CC0

21

R317
100

L6

BLM21A102S

C204

100NF

R569

150

R313

47

L7

BLM21A102S

R312

22

L3

100N

R316

100

10N

C205

R607

100

R285
10K

R286

470

R340
270

C219

100NF

R323

100

C180
33PF

C1
47P

C188
68P

R606

100

R623
470

R301
NOT USED

Q23

BFS17

R339
150

R324
100

X25

C487

22pF

L53

BLM21A102S

10N

C191

&

U12C

10E104

27
28

13

12

C172
1n

Q17
BC807-25

10N

C224

C192

100uF-6.3V

U5B
LTC8043

VD

D

8

GN

D

4

U47A

LVC1G04

2

4

100K

R589

R305
100

1M

R280

C221

100NF

R328

120

D23

SMV1255-073

100K

R289

C215
100NF

R7

NOT USED

C217

100NF

R269

47

R278
2.2K

U48A

LVC1G04

2

4

100K

R288

R290

4.7K

R283
47K

+

-

U8B

LM358

6

5

7

&

ALVC00

U4D

11

12

13

Summary of Contents for PM6690

Page 1: ...Timer Counter Analyzer PM6690 Service Manual...

Page 2: ...II 4822 872 20306 May 2006 Fourth Edition Fluke Corporation All rights reserved Printed in Sweden...

Page 3: ...aced Devices with serial numbers up to and including 916779 are equipped with a Triscend microprocessor whereas devices with higher se rial numbers have a Sharp microprocessor Both are based on an ARM...

Page 4: ...This page is intentionally left blank IV...

Page 5: ...14 Test Routines 4 18 5 Corrective Preventive Maintenance Introduction 5 2 Calibration 5 2 Instructions for Firmware Upgrade 5 2 Utility Program 5 3 Fan Replacement 5 3 Other Important Information 5 3...

Page 6: ...Version A 8 5 Front Unit 8 14 Main Board Version B 8 16 Parts Unique to Version A 8 26 Parts Unique to Version B 8 26 Parts Common to Version A and Version B 8 26 9 Schematic Diagrams How to Read the...

Page 7: ...Chapter 1 Safety Instructions...

Page 8: ...ause damage to or destruction of equipment or other property WARNING Indicates a potential danger that requires correct procedures or practices to prevent personal injury Symbols Shows where the prote...

Page 9: ...ected from the in strument Turn the instrument upside down See Fig 1 3 Undo the two screws A and remove them from the cover Remove the rear feet by undoing the two screws B Remove the four decorative...

Page 10: ...45 to 440 Hz The counter auto matically adjusts itself to the input line voltage n Fuse The secondary supply voltages are electronically protected against overload or short circuit The primary line vo...

Page 11: ...Chapter 2 Performance Check...

Page 12: ...Note any error messages If no faults are detected the instrument returns to the normal measurement mode Keyboard Test See Table 2 3 This test verifies that the timer counter re sponds when you press a...

Page 13: ...to STANDBY INPUT A Input A Menu for setting Slope Coupling Impedance etc Man Trig xx mV Trig Trig xx mV Menu for entering nu meric values 0 123V Trig 0 123 V t 5 times Trig _ V 4 567 Trig 4 567 V t 5...

Page 14: ...he input impedance is still 1 MW Apply ing more than 12 V without proper current limiting may cause extensive damage to the main PCB if the impedance is set to 50 W Change the DC level to 50 00 V The...

Page 15: ...er of external condi tions like ambient temperature and supply voltage Aging is also an important factor Therefore it is hard to give limits for the allowed frequency deviation The user himself must d...

Page 16: ...NGS Start Chan E The counter does not measure Apply one single pulse to Ext Arm Input The counter measures once and shows 10 MHz on the display Measuring Functions Connect a 10 MHz sine wave signal wi...

Page 17: ...sult is about 100 ns Trig Hold Off time Connect the signal to Input B select Period Single B and repeat the tests above RF Options Input C Check To verify the specification of the different RF prescal...

Page 18: ...This page is intentionally left blank 2 8 Performance Check RF Options...

Page 19: ...Chapter 3 Disassembly...

Page 20: ...er minals which can cause death WARNING Although the power switch is in the OFF position line voltage is present inside the instrument Use extreme cau tion WARNING Capacitors inside the instrument can...

Page 21: ...make sure the air flow arrow on the fan points to the rear of the counter and the black wire is oriented toward the rear panel Prescaler Options Disconnect the power cable Remove the cover from the co...

Page 22: ...connect the power cable Remove the cover from the counter See page 3 2 Turn the instrument upside down Locate the five solder joints and remove the OCXO with conventional desoldering technique for pla...

Page 23: ...Chapter 4 Circuit Descriptions...

Page 24: ...This page is intentionally left blank 4 2...

Page 25: ...Version A The descriptions in this section apply to instru ments having a Triscend microprocessor See General Information on page III for details on relevant serial numbers etc Version A 4 3...

Page 26: ...screws The front unit contains all functions needed for the user com munication keyboard display and input BNCs All other electrical functions are on the main board The rear panel has no PCB The conne...

Page 27: ...INT REF OUT INTERPOLATORS 4 X EXT CTRL IN EXT REF IN TRIG LVL INPUT AMPLIFIERS PRESCALER MEASURING LOGIC FPGA LVL CONV LINE PWR AC DC SEPARATE BOARD 15 V 15 V 5 V POWER SUPPLY 15 V 12 V 5 V 12 V 5 2 V...

Page 28: ...cal with 300 MHz band width They are controlled by the processor with relays etc The analog input signal is transformed to a digital signal The output signals are LVPECL 2 4 V and 1 2 V approxi mately...

Page 29: ...uits The processor has a 32768 Hz crystal An internal PLL in the processor uses the 32 kHz signal to make the internal proces sor clock approximately 30 MHz The USB IC has a 6 MHz crystal to make an i...

Page 30: ...e time from an event on the input to the following rising edge of the 100 MHz reference is fed to the interpolator During the pulse time a constant cur rent is charging a capacitor The voltage on the...

Page 31: ...d Thus the regulator itself will run cooler The following voltages are generated in this way 3 3 VA from 5 VU 5 2 VA from 15 VU 5 2 VI from 12 VA 2 1 V from 12 VA 12 VA from 15 VU 12 VA from 15 VU 12...

Page 32: ...or switches off the output signal from the divider if the input level is too low for the divider to work correctly divid ers often oscillate without input signal Test Routines Built in Test Routines T...

Page 33: ...Version B The descriptions in this section apply to instru ments having a Sharp microprocessor See General Information on page III for details on relevant serial numbers etc Version B 4 11...

Page 34: ...screws The front unit contains all functions needed for the user com munication keyboard display and input BNCs All other electrical functions are on the main board The rear panel has no PCB The conne...

Page 35: ...ATE LED TRIG LED A TRIG LED B INT REF OUT INTERPOLATORS 4 X EXT CTRL IN EXT REF IN TRIG LVL INPUT AMPLIFIERS PRESCALER MEASURING LOGIC FPGA LVL CONV LINE PWR AC DC SEPARATE BOARD 15 V 15 V 5 V POWER S...

Page 36: ...cal with 300 MHz band width They are controlled by the processor with relays etc The analog input signal is transformed to a digital signal The output signals are LVPECL 2 4 V and 1 2 V approxi mately...

Page 37: ...rcuits The processor has an 11 2896 MHz crystal An internal PLL in the processor uses the signal to make the internal processor clock approximately 50 8 MHz The USB IC has a 6 MHz crystal to make an i...

Page 38: ...ulse time a constant cur rent is charging a capacitor The voltage on the capacitor is measured with a 10 bit ADC The capacitor is discharged and the interpolator is ready for a new measurement An exte...

Page 39: ...ted in this way 3 3 VA from 5 VU 5 2 VA from 15 VU 5 2 VI from 12 VA 2 1 V from 12 VA 12 VA from 15 VU 12 VA from 15 VU 12 VU from 15 VU to oven oscillator not switched off in standby mode For digital...

Page 40: ...from the divider if the input level is too low for the divider to work correctly divid ers often oscillate without input signal Test Routines Built in Test Routines The test routines are those access...

Page 41: ...Chapter 5 Corrective Preventive Maintenance...

Page 42: ...pgrade over USB works with firmware version V1 07 or above installed in the instrument Send IDN to the instrument and watch the response If the ID string is OK you can exit the communication program a...

Page 43: ...memory space Run the setup exe program and follow the on screen in structions Running the Application After installation you can start the utility application by run ning the program PM6690 Utility ex...

Page 44: ...This page is intentionally left blank 5 4 Other Important Information...

Page 45: ...Chapter 6 Repair...

Page 46: ...This page is intentionally left blank 6 2...

Page 47: ...Version A The descriptions in this section apply to instru ments having a Triscend microprocessor See General Information on page III for details on relevant serial numbers etc Version A 6 3...

Page 48: ...s are listed in Table 6 1 In addition to these families there is also low level logic requiring lower supply voltages e g 3 3 V 2 5 V and 1 8 V Required Test Equipment To be able to test the instrumen...

Page 49: ...o J17 suitable connec tor MOLEX 09 91 0600 See Figure 6 2 The currents drawn from the different supply voltages depend on options in stalled Before making this measurement you should remove any presca...

Page 50: ...re mini mum noise Check the TPs below TP12 3 3 VA from 5 VU TP8 5 2 VA from 15 VU TP10 12 VA from 15 VU TP62 5 2 VI from 12 VA TP25 2 1 V from 12 VA TP16 12 VA from 15 VD TP17 12 VU from 15 VU to oven...

Page 51: ...ed speed fed with 8 3 V After that the fan is temperature con trolled The processor reads the temperature from U39 via the I2 C bus Depending on the temperature the fan is fed with a DC voltage betwee...

Page 52: ...Vpp U1 pin 2 U2 pin 2 0 20 Vpp U1 pin 3 U2 pin 3 0 20 Vpp U1 pin 6 U2 pin 6 1 00 Vdc R151 to R157 R223 to R230 0 40 Vpp U3 pin 9 U3 pin 13 0 40 Vpp R309 and R314 R313 and R315 ECL levels 1 0 V and 1...

Page 53: ...Troubleshooting 6 9 Figure 6 7 Test points for troubleshooting the input amplifiers Figure 6 8 Oscillogram showing the signal at the interconnection of R140 R212 and R141 R213...

Page 54: ...6 10 Troubleshooting Figure 6 9 Oscillogram showing the signal at the interconnection of R156 R229 and C109 C140 Figure 6 10 Oscillogram showing the signal at U3 9 U3 13...

Page 55: ...Troubleshooting 6 11 Figure 6 11 Oscillogram showing the signal at U1 2 U2 2 Figure 6 12 Oscillogram showing the signal at X6 Period Single A...

Page 56: ...10 MHz signal to the external reference input Use the SETTINGS menu to alternate between internal and exter nal oscillator Check for correct signals at U4 6 for the stan dard oscillator at U4 8 for t...

Page 57: ...calibration by means of the utility program should also be performed External Reference Input See Figure 6 14 and Figure 6 17 The input signal is amplified in U31 The output signal from the amplifier...

Page 58: ...6 14 Troubleshooting Figure 6 16 Important locations in the internal timebase reference circuits Figure 6 17 Important locations in the external timebase reference circuits...

Page 59: ...ely 160 to 180 ms after the voltages are OK Measure at X33 The ramp up time for 3 3 VD is approximately 2 ms for 2 5 V approximately 4 ms and for 1 8 V approximately 3 ms The rising edge of the reset...

Page 60: ...exchanged it must be replaced by a preprogrammed Flash PROM Voltage and timebase calibration must be performed anew The utility program must be used for transferring the cali bration results to new f...

Page 61: ...OL U14 U116 U13 DISPLAY PCB FPGA DATA LCD BUS LCD VOLT U17 U15 U16 U4 U1 U2 LCD I O U3 KEYBOARD U11 TEMP U39 I C 2 I O U40 INT INT RELAYS ETC INITN DONE PROGN mPCLK mPCLK LOAD FPGA CLK X29 3 3 VD 2 5...

Page 62: ...6 18 Troubleshooting Figure 6 21 Startup timing processor memories fan RESETN FAN SDRAM CE FLASH PROM CE P CLK 30 MHz OSC 32 MHz Figure 6 22 FPGA loading PROGN INITN DONE CLOCK RESETN...

Page 63: ...roubleshooting 6 19 Figure 6 23 Fan startup extended timescale FAN RESETN Figure 6 24 LCD control signals ocillogram 1 ON via I 2 C CONTRAST RESETN Figure 6 25 LCD control signals oscillogram 2 FRM LP...

Page 64: ...6 20 Troubleshooting Figure 6 26 LCD control signals oscillogram 3 FRM LP Figure 6 27 LCD control signals oscillogram 4 LP FRM Figure 6 28 LCD control signals oscillogram 5 LP CLK...

Page 65: ...n and rdn An interrupt signal from the USB IC is connected to the processor See Figure 6 38 for a typical tim ing diagram The USB IC is a complete USB unit It is not powered from the USB bus The USB I...

Page 66: ...trols the communica tion by means of the clock line SCL One or more slaves can read or write on the data line SDA The SDA and SCL are high at standby All ICs connected to the bus can sink SDA to low a...

Page 67: ...OL DATA ADDRESS FPGA 3 3 VD INT 5 VD INT U38 5 VD 3 3 VD 8 8 3 3 16 16 16 6 3 5 5 5 5 32 INT U11 X20 INT U13 MEASUREMENT CONTROL MEASUREMENT DATA FIFOCLK FIFOALERT EMPTY RESFPGA FIFOWR CSUSB CSFPGA CS...

Page 68: ...ions for the microprocessor and its buses and interfaces U5 U46 U9 U40 X31 X30 X28 U39 U38 U37 C416 X20 U34 U11 U13 Figure 6 36 Microprocessor bus FPGA timing Single Pe riod CS WR RD A D Figure 6 37 M...

Page 69: ...cessor bus USB timing Power On CS A D RD WR Figure 6 39 Microprocessor bus GPIB timing Power On GPIB DIR CS A D RD WR Figure 6 40 FIFO timing 1 FIFOCLK FIFOWR CONTINUOUS 30 MHz Figure 6 41 FIFO timing...

Page 70: ...ng Figure 6 42 SPI bus activity oven DATA LD CLOCK Figure 6 43 SPI bus activity PLL DATA LD CLOCK Figure 6 44 SPI bus activity PLL first transfer close up DATA LD CLOCK Figure 6 45 SPI bus activity tr...

Page 71: ...ator on the front panel should also blink and the display should show the measurement result In this setting the S R flip flop U12 is used Check that the measurement signal is present on pins 30 and 3...

Page 72: ...n gle ended of U11 It comes via a level converter Check the input signal to the converter at R335 PECL levels If the FPGA or a part in the interpolators has been changed or repaired a calibration of i...

Page 73: ...6 50 ADC 1061 behavior Time A A 10 MHz in U23 8 U21 8 Figure 6 51 Different signals around an ADC U23 8 ERRP R416 RES R414 CS pin 5 RD pin 4 S H pin 3 INT pin 2 Figure 6 52 Close up of error pulse and...

Page 74: ...R ON OFF EXT ARM FPGA INPUT AMPLIFIERS ETC A B S R C TRGLVL A TRGLVL B GATE DISPLAY LED DRIVERS INTERPOL 0 INTERPOL 1 INTERPOL 2 INTERPOL 3 U20 U21 U22 U23 STOP START Vref 2 5 Vref U11 Figure 6 53 Me...

Page 75: ...Version B 6 31 Version B The descriptions in this section apply to instru ments having a Sharp microprocessor See General Information on page III for details on relevant serial numbers etc...

Page 76: ...ies are listed in Table 6 3 In addition to these families there is also low level logic requiring lower supply voltages e g 3 3 V and 1 8 V Required Test Equipment To be able to test the instrument pr...

Page 77: ...ly to J17 suitable connec tor MOLEX 09 91 0600 See Figure 6 55 The currents drawn from the different supply voltages depend on options installed Before making this measurement you should re move any p...

Page 78: ...VA from 15 VU X10 12 VA from 15 VU X62 5 2 VI from 12 VA X25 2 1 V from 12 VA X16 12 VA from 15 VD X17 12 VU from 15 VU to oven oscillator not switched off in standby mode For digital and general use...

Page 79: ...an will run at a fixed speed fed with 8 3 V After that the fan is temperature con trolled The processor reads the temperature from U39 via the I2 C bus Depending on the temperature the fan is fed with...

Page 80: ...pin 2 U2 pin 2 0 20 Vpp U1 pin 3 U2 pin 3 0 20 Vpp U1 pin 6 U2 pin 6 1 00 Vdc R151 to R157 R223 to R230 0 40 Vpp U3 pin 9 U3 pin 13 0 40 Vpp R309 and R314 R313 and R315 ECL levels 1 0 V and 1 7 V R30...

Page 81: ...Troubleshooting 6 37 Figure 6 60 Test points for troubleshooting the input amplifiers Figure 6 61 Oscillogram showing the signal at the interconnection of R140 R212 and R141 R213...

Page 82: ...6 38 Troubleshooting Figure 6 62 Oscillogram showing the signal at the interconnection of R156 R229 and C109 C140 Figure 6 63 Oscillogram showing the signal at U3 9 U3 13...

Page 83: ...Troubleshooting 6 39 Figure 6 64 Oscillogram showing the signal at U1 2 U2 2 Figure 6 65 Oscillogram showing the signal at X6 Period Single A...

Page 84: ...ter nal oscillator Check for correct signals at U4 6 for the stan dard oscillator at U4 8 for the oven oscillator and at U33 3 for the external reference Check also that the selected timebase referenc...

Page 85: ...enerates a short pulse approxi mately 40 ns for each input cycle check at U32 9 These pulses generate a broad spectrum of harmonics and the following high Q 10 MHz crystal filter allows only a 10 MHz...

Page 86: ...6 42 Troubleshooting Figure 6 69 Important locations in the internal timebase reference circuits Figure 6 70 Important locations in the external timebase reference circuits...

Page 87: ...SDRAMs are organized as one 32 bit wide memory The microprocessor bus is also via bidirectional buffers con nected to an FPGA a USB IC and a GPIB IC A reset IC U116 monitors 3 3 VD and 1 8 V The reset...

Page 88: ...put approximately 14 Hz This signal shows that the FPGA is working and will be switched off about 8 minutes after power up The fan is set to 8 4 V Measure on J19 or J28 The input am plifiers are initi...

Page 89: ...LCD BUS LCD VOLT U17 U15 U16 U4 U1 U2 LCD I O U3 KEYBOARD U11 TEMP U39 I C 2 I O U40 INT INT RELAYS ETC mPCLK mPCLK LOAD FPGA CLK X29 3 3 VD 1 8 V internal 3 3 VD 1 8 V 3 3 VD 3 3 VD 3 3 VD 22 16 16 1...

Page 90: ...6 46 Troubleshooting Figure 6 74 Startup timing processor memories fan RESN FAN SDRAM CE FLASH PROM CE P CLOCK OSC 11 MHz X31 X55 Figure 6 75 FPGA loading PROGN INITN DONE CCLK RESN...

Page 91: ...Troubleshooting 6 47 Figure 6 76 Startup indicator test points Figure 6 77 LCD control signals ocillogram 1 ON CONTRAST RESN Figure 6 78 LCD control signals oscillogram 2 FRM LP X55 X31...

Page 92: ...6 48 Troubleshooting Figure 6 79 LCD control signals oscillogram 3 FRM LP Figure 6 80 LCD control signals oscillogram 4 LP RAN Figure 6 81 LCD control signals oscillogram 5 LP CLK...

Page 93: ...the SDRAMs Buffers isolate the inner part from long lines in order to make the SDRAM work safely The buffers of the 32 bit data bus are bidirectional and a control signal opens the buffers only during...

Page 94: ...the SPI bus are See Figure 6 93 to Figure 6 96 The 100 MHz PLL IC U9 The SPI bus is used only for initialization after power on The optional oven oscillator IC U5 The SPI bus is used for initializati...

Page 95: ...S FPGA 3 3 VD INT 5 VD INT U38 5 VD 3 3 VD 8 8 3 3 16 32 32 5 3 5 5 5 3 INT U11 X20 INT U13 RESULT HANDSHAKE ALERT EMPTY UPRD CSUSB CSFPGA CSGPIB WRN RDN PART OF MEM SEE P 6 20 DIRGPIB U52 U53 U54 BUF...

Page 96: ...6 88 Important locations for the microprocessor and its buses and interfaces U5 U46 U9 U40 X30 X28 U39 U38 U37 C416 X20 U34 U11 U56 U13 Figure 6 89 Microprocessor bus FPGA timing Single Pe riod Hold...

Page 97: ...90 Microprocessor bus USB timing Power On CS A OEP RD WR Figure 6 91 Microprocessor bus GPIB timing Power On GPIB DIR CS A OEP RD WR Figure 6 92 FIFO timing Block 5 Single Period 10 MHz EMPTY UPR ALE...

Page 98: ...ctivity oven directly after power up DATA LD CLOCK Figure 6 94 SPI bus activity PLL directly after power up DATA LE CLOCK Figure 6 95 SPI bus activity PLL first transfer close up DATA LE CLOCK Figure...

Page 99: ...oltage This voltage is read by an ADC The interpolator is calibrated by reference pulses having a width of 20 and 30 ns The measurement pulse varies between 22 and 32 ns typically The ADC has two refe...

Page 100: ...ulse on any pin 8 of the ADCs U23 U22 U21 U20 should be at least 0 2 V above the lower limit and that the highest voltage pulse on any pin 8 of the ADCs should be at least 0 3 V below the upper limit...

Page 101: ...57 Figure 6 101 Different signals around an ADC U23 8 ERRP R416 RES R414 CS pin 5 RD pin 4 S H pin 3 INT pin 2 Figure 6 102 Close up of error pulse and S H output U22 8 ERRP R403 Figure 6 103 Power up...

Page 102: ...R ON OFF EXT ARM FPGA INPUT AMPLIFIERS ETC A B S R C TRGLVL A TRGLVL B GATE DISPLAY LED DRIVERS INTERPOL 0 INTERPOL 1 INTERPOL 2 INTERPOL 3 U20 U21 U22 U23 STOP START Vref 2 5 Vref U11 Figure 6 104 Me...

Page 103: ...in the primary circuits are important to the safety of the instrument and may only be replaced by components obtained from your local service organization Check the Protective Ground Connection Visual...

Page 104: ...This page is intentionally left blank 6 60 Safety Inspection and Test After Repair...

Page 105: ...Chapter 7 Calibration Adjustments...

Page 106: ...er to make the instrument meet the original specifications The calibration procedure for these instruments also implies automatic adjustment so if you want a continuous history re cord you should foll...

Page 107: ...rm ware upgrading or if repair work has been done on the mea suring logic or the analog interpolators Press Start Calib to run the procedure The new calibration will be the active calibration n Calibr...

Page 108: ...umber of different calibration fre quencies for the DUT 1 MHz 1 544 MHz 2 048 MHz 5 MHz and 10 MHz Place the DUT in its calibration environment preferably at an ambient temperature of 23 2 C and power...

Page 109: ...counter in put Always use shielded test leads that are as short as possible n Work Instructions Arrange your test setup according to the outline given above Note Both Input A and Input B should be ca...

Page 110: ...nce CALibration DELays INITialize STARt STORe ROSCillator FREQuency 8 Numeric Value AUTO8 Boolean INITialize LOAD FACTory USER STARt STORe 8 YYYYMMDD VOLTage INITialize INPut1 VAL 8 Numeric Value INPu...

Page 111: ...Lays STORe Calibration of Internal Delays Ends the calibration process and stores the calibration factors CALibration ROSCillator FREQuency 8 Numeric value Calibration of Reference Oscillator Selects...

Page 112: ...calculation algorithm ac cordingly Parameters Boolean 1 ON 0 OFF Returned format 1 0 RST condition Not affecting this setting CALibration ROSCillator INITialize Calibration of Reference Oscillator In...

Page 113: ...ibration VOLTage INITialize Calibration of Reference Voltage Initializes the voltage calibration process CALibration VOLTage INPut 1 2 VAL 8 Numeric Value DC Voltage Calibration Calibrates a DC voltag...

Page 114: ...service CALibration VOLTage LOAD USER Restore User Calibration Recalls the calibration factors last stored by the user CALibration VOLTage STORe 8 YYYYMMDD Store User Calibration Ends the calibration...

Page 115: ...it reach normal operating temperature WARNING Live parts and accessible termi nals which can be dangerous to life are always exposed inside the unit when it is connected to the line power Use extreme...

Page 116: ...lloscope Connect a 10X 500 W probe to Input B on the oscillo scope Set the oscilloscope to 10 ms div and Input A to 50 W DC 0 5 V div and Input B to 50 W DC 100 mV div including probe n Adjustment Con...

Page 117: ...and Figure 7 4 Adjust the 5 V trimmer on the AC DC power supply board with a screwdriver type of adjustment tool until the DMM reads 5 10 0 005 V Check that the voltage from the AC DC power supply at...

Page 118: ...n Adjustment Connect the signal to Input C on the timer counter NOTE Before beginning any adjustments the RF input must have been in operation for at least a few minutes to let it reach normal operati...

Page 119: ...Chapter 8 Replacement Parts...

Page 120: ...a compo nent may affect the performance of the instrument particularly at high frequencies Always use direct replacements unless it is known that a substitute will not degrade the performance of the i...

Page 121: ...03110066430 35 8 2 Screw M3x12 532250221642 36 8 2 Profile support 403110053210 37 8 2 Warning label high voltage 403111645530 38 8 2 Shielding strip USB 403110055470 61 8 2 Connector BNC 532226710004...

Page 122: ...echanical Parts 6 9 4 5 15 10 14 13 23 12 14 13 15 3 14 13 30 33 37 21 38 35 13 36 16 6 70 61 65 Figure 8 2 Exploded view of chassis 6 1 8 12 9 2 3 4 5 9 12 13 8 18 Blue Brown Green Yellow 14 17 16 15...

Page 123: ...0805 402230160331 C154 CAPACITOR 22nF 10 200V X7R 1206 532212614081 Pos Description Part Number C155 CAPACITOR 2 20 F 20 6 3V 3 2X1 6 MOLD 532212410685 C156 CAPACITOR 10nF 20 50V X7R 0805 222286148103...

Page 124: ...0nF 20 25V X7R 0805 532212613638 Pos Description Part Number C276 CAPACITOR 100nF 20 25V X7R 0805 532212613638 C278 CAPACITOR 100nF 20 25V X7R 0805 532212613638 C279 CAPACITOR 100nF 20 25V X7R 0805 53...

Page 125: ...0810 SMD 222215364221 C410 CAPACITOR 100nF 20 25V X7R 0805 532212613638 Pos Description Part Number C411 CAPACITOR 100nF 20 25V X7R 0805 532212613638 C412 CAPACITOR 10nF 20 50V X7R 0805 222286148103 C...

Page 126: ...34337 D37 DIODE 0 10A BAV99 SOT23 532213034337 D46 DIODE 0 10A BAV99 SOT23 532213034337 D48 DIODE 0 10A BAV99 SOT23 532213034337 D50 DIODE BYD17G 400V 1 5A SOD87 933812240701 D51 DIODE BYD17G 400V 1 5...

Page 127: ...12V SOT23 933347740701 Q16 TRANSISTOR 25 MA BFR92A 20V SOT23 532213060647 Q17 TRANSISTOR 0 5A BC807 25 45V SOT23 532213060845 Q18 TRANSISTOR BFS17 05A 15V SOT23 532213040781 Q19 TRANSISTOR BFS17 05A 1...

Page 128: ...1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712498 R191 RESISTOR 1 MOhm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 403100210050 Pos Description Part Number R192 RESISTOR 000 Ohm 0 1W 100PPM 0805 403100200000 R193 RESISTOR 330 Ohm 1 0 1W 100PP...

Page 129: ...805 532211712497 R325 RESISTOR 47 Ohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712505 Pos Description Part Number R326 RESISTOR 100 Ohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712497 R327 RESISTOR 47 Ohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 53221171...

Page 130: ...5W 100PPM 1206 482205110109 R468 RESISTOR 10 0 Ohm 1 0 125W 100PPM 1206 482205110109 Pos Description Part Number R469 RESISTOR 10 0 Ohm 1 0 125W 100PPM 1206 482205110109 R470 RESISTOR 10 0 Ohm 1 0 125...

Page 131: ...1 0 125W 100PPM 1206 482205110109 R599 RESISTOR 10 0 Ohm 1 0 125W 100PPM 1206 482205110109 R6 RESISTOR 100 Ohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712497 R600 RESISTOR 10 0 Ohm 1 0 125W 100PPM 1206 482205110109...

Page 132: ...S TNT4882 932220397682 U38 IC CMOS TRANSL3 5V 74LVC4245AD 935260749701 U39 IC DIG TEMP SENSOR LM75 932212511682 U4 IC CMOS 74ALVC00 932220496682 U40 IC DIG BUS I2C PCA9555PW 935269569701 Pos Descripti...

Page 133: ...FLATTOP 932221031682 E1 DISPLAY 90 SER 403110065800 J1 CONNECTOR 20POL FPC SMD 242202518448 J2 CONNECTOR 20POL FPC SMD 242202518448 J3 CONNECTOR 20POL HEADER SMD 15 91 0200 242202505569 L1 CHOKE 10uH...

Page 134: ...1 CAPACITOR 100nF 20 25V X7R 0805 532212613638 C152 CAPACITOR 220pF 5 50V NP0 0805 482212233575 Pos Description Part Number C154 CAPACITOR 22nF 10 200V X7R 1206 532212614081 C155 CAPACITOR 2 20 F 20 6...

Page 135: ...CAPACITOR 100nF 20 25V X7R 0805 532212613638 Pos Description Part Number C281 CAPACITOR 100nF 10 16V X7R 0603 403102030104 C282 CAPACITOR 100nF 10 16V X7R 0603 403102030104 C283 CAPACITOR 100nF 10 16V...

Page 136: ...613638 C404 CAPACITOR 220 F 20 35V 1012 SMD 222215360221 Pos Description Part Number C405 CAPACITOR 10nF 20 50V X7R 0805 532212234098 C406 CAPACITOR 4 7 F 20 35V 0405 SMD 222215360478 C407 CAPACITOR 2...

Page 137: ...0805 532212613638 C548 CAPACITOR 100nF 20 25V X7R 0805 532212613638 C549 CAPACITOR 1nF 20 50V X7R 0805 532212234123 C560 CAPACITOR 1nF 20 50V X7R 0805 532212234123 C561 CAPACITOR 100 F 6 3V 202202900...

Page 138: ...LTER EMI BLM21A102SPT Z 1Kohm 0 2A R 0 6ohm 242254943133 L41 FILTER EMI BLM21A102SPT Z 1Kohm 0 2A R 0 6ohm 242254943133 Pos Description Part Number L42 FILTER EMI BLM21A102SPT Z 1Kohm 0 2A R 0 6ohm 24...

Page 139: ...R 2 2 KOHM 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 403100222020 R11 RESISTOR 10kohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712499 R12 RESISTOR 10kohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712499 R13 RESISTOR 10kohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712499 R...

Page 140: ...100PPM 1206 482205110121 R251 RESISTOR 150 ohm 1 0 125W 100PPM 1206 482205151501 Pos Description Part Number R252 RESISTOR 1kohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712498 R253 RESISTOR 150 ohm 1 0 125W 100PPM 1...

Page 141: ...RESISTOR 10kohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712499 Pos Description Part Number R400 RESISTOR 47 KOHM 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 403100247030 R402 RESISTOR 47 ohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712505 R403 RESISTOR 10...

Page 142: ...5 532211712507 R536 RESISTOR 47 ohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712505 Pos Description Part Number R537 RESISTOR 10 0 ohm 1 0 125W 100PPM 1206 482205110109 R538 RESISTOR 120 ohm 1 0 125W 100PPM 1206 4822...

Page 143: ...R66 RESISTOR 10kohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712499 R660 RESISTOR 10 ohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712502 R661 RESISTOR 100 ohm 1 0 1W 100PPM 0805 532211712497 R662 RESISTOR 470 ohm 1 125W 100PPM 1206...

Page 144: ...2040103 C569 CAPACITOR 10nF 10 25V X7R 0402 403102040103 C570 CAPACITOR 10nF 10 25V X7R 0402 403102040103 C571 CAPACITOR 10nF 10 25V X7R 0402 403102040103 C572 CAPACITOR 10nF 10 25V X7R 0402 403102040...

Page 145: ...Part Number R585 R586 R587 403100247010 R523 R628 R635 R636 403100247020 R371 403100247030 C431 403102131590 U117 932220434682 U25 933757050701 Replacement Parts Parts Common to Version A and Version...

Page 146: ...This page is intentionally left blank 8 28 Replacement Parts Parts Common to Version A and Version B...

Page 147: ...Chapter 9 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 148: ...IEC standards These symbols are designed to be logical and easy to read The component number is written above the symbol The type number is written below the symbol Inside the symbol there is sometim...

Page 149: ...Version A The descriptions in this section apply to instru ments having a Triscend microprocessor See General Information on page III for details on relevant serial numbers etc Schematic Diagrams 9 3...

Page 150: ...This page is intentionally left blank 9 4 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 151: ...This page is intentionally left blank Schematic Diagrams 9 5...

Page 152: ...Main Board PCB 1 Component Layout 9 6 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 153: ...S281632D U15A K4S281632D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 J11 2X10 SMD J11 2X10 SMD C310 100NF C310 100NF C383 100NF C383 100NF VDD 1 VDD 14 VDD 27 VDDQ 3 VDDQ 9 VDDQ 43 VDDQ 49 VSS...

Page 154: ...9 8 Schematic Diagrams This page is intentionally left blank...

Page 155: ...7 U17A AM29LV640MH U17A AM29LV640MH R361 10K R361 10K C257 100UF 6 3V C257 100UF 6 3V C279 100NF C279 100NF C301 100NF C301 100NF C274 100NF C274 100NF X55 X55 1M R358 1M R358 C271 100NF C271 100NF C2...

Page 156: ...9 10 Schematic Diagrams This page is intentionally left blank...

Page 157: ...U1A LMC6081A U1A LMC6081A R202 100 R202 100 10N C504 10N C504 C131 3 9pF 500V C131 3 9pF 500V R249 120 R249 120 BAT18 D14 BAT18 D14 R261 470K R261 470K R146 47 R146 47 10N C3 10N C3 BAV99 D30 BAV99 D...

Page 158: ...9 12 Schematic Diagrams This page is intentionally left blank...

Page 159: ...V 5 V 2 U45B KM4100 U45B KM4100 C14 100NF C14 100NF R505 1K R505 1K Q33 BF513 Q33 BF513 X3 X3 X53 X53 C512 Not Used C512 Not Used L59 BLM21A102S L59 BLM21A102S R413 100 R413 100 R382 100 R382 100 R64...

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Page 161: ...30 2 2K R430 2 2K R564 330 R564 330 C486 100NF C486 100NF R434 2 2K R434 2 2K R435 6 8K R435 6 8K Q41 BC807 25 Q41 BC807 25 Q42 BC807 25 Q42 BC807 25 VDD 24 VSS 12 U40B PCA9555 U40B PCA9555 L46 BLM21A...

Page 162: ...9 16 Schematic Diagrams This page is intentionally left blank...

Page 163: ...Not Used R336 Not Used C5 100NF C5 100NF 11 12 13 ALVC00 U4D ALVC00 U4D C215 100NF C215 100NF Q17 BC807 25 Q17 BC807 25 C179 22PF C179 22PF L11 BLM41P800S L11 BLM41P800S CV In 1 CV Out 2 12V 3 Out 4 G...

Page 164: ...9 18 Schematic Diagrams This page is intentionally left blank...

Page 165: ...B Q58 BC847B R456 10 R456 10 R622 120 R622 120 X43 X43 6 5 7 U35B LM358 U35B LM358 R461 10 R461 10 R473 10 R473 10 X22 X22 D 12 CLK 11 S 10 R 13 Q 9 Q 8 U29B LVC74A U29B LVC74A CTL 1 FLG 2 GATE 4 GND...

Page 166: ...This page is intentionally left blank 9 20 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 167: ...73 EOI 85 DAV 84 NRFD 82 NDAC 81 IFC 79 REN 70 ABUS 14 BBUS 62 DACK 33 BURST_RDN 31 FIFO_RDY 30 SWAP 29 REM 28 ABUS_OEN 20 BBUS_OEN 1 PAGED 26 CPUACC 22 MODE 53 TADCS 21 LADCS 66 DACS 51 KEYRST 100 KE...

Page 168: ...Display Keyboard PCB 2 Component Layout 9 22 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 169: ...4 7K R17 4 7K S6 LEFT C20 2 2uF 35V S15 F4 D4 EL414GD TP3 R20 47 C18 22uF 6 3V PROBE GND1 U3A PCA9555 A0 21 A1 2 A2 3 SCL 22 SDA 23 I O0 0 4 I O0 1 5 I O0 2 6 I O0 3 7 I O0 4 8 I O0 5 9 I O0 6 10 I O0...

Page 170: ...This page is intentionally left blank 9 24 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 171: ...Version B The descriptions in this section apply to instru ments having a Sharp microprocessor See General Information on page III for details on relevant serial numbers etc Schematic Diagrams 9 25...

Page 172: ...This page is intentionally left blank 9 26 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 173: ...Main Board PCB 1 Component Layout Bottom Side Schematic Diagrams 9 27...

Page 174: ...Main Board PCB 1 Component Layout Top Side 9 28 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 175: ...O4 8 I O5 10 I O6 11 I O7 13 I O8 42 I O9 44 I O10 45 I O11 47 I O12 48 I O13 50 I O14 51 I O15 53 RAS 18 WE 16 CS 19 CAS 17 LDQM 15 BA0 20 BA1 21 UDQM 39 CKE 37 CLK 38 DAC U46A MAX5156 RefA 4 FBA 3...

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Page 177: ...2 U52A LVC162245A 1A0 47 1A1 46 1A2 44 1A3 43 1A4 41 1A5 40 1A6 38 1A7 37 1B0 2 1B1 3 1B2 5 1B3 6 1B4 8 1B5 9 1B6 11 1B7 12 OE1 48 DIR1 1 470p C286 R424 4 7K 100n C305 C499 22uF 6 3V 1M R358 R361 10K...

Page 178: ...9 32 Schematic Diagrams This page is intentionally left blank...

Page 179: ...10N C100 C101 100NF BAV99 D18 R611 1 2M R224 1K BAV99 D33 10N C19 R196 100K R171 4 7K R234 120 R168 82 X36 1M R262 R260 470K R222 47 C21 3 9PF 500V R214 120K C129 100NF BAT18 D15 U1A LMC6081A 3 2 6 R2...

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Page 181: ...277 3 2 6 1 8 X4 R659 10 C324 100NF C353 100NF C512 Not Used R513 330 C331 100NF BFT92 Q63 U135B ADG719 VDD 4 GND 3 C15 100NF R414 100 C349 100p C346 100p C522 100n R485 1K R395 33K R520 330 R391 1 5K...

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Page 183: ...2K C474 100NF C300 100NF C413 1n C253 220uF 10V R438 6 8K C298 100NF R2 10K C567 100NF R422 6 8K C486 100NF C275 100NF 10N C246 L40 BLM21A102S C479 100NF C582 1n Q40 BC807 25 C423 100uF 6 3V 10N C231...

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Page 185: ...84 100P R291 4 7K C208 100NF Q22 BFS17 R320 47 X52 ALVC00 U4C 8 9 10 10N C214 R310 68 R348 100 R329 2 2K Q25 BSR12 Q24 BSR12 10N C494 U12D 10E104 25 26 15 14 R351 10 R295 100 R344 68 R346 680 10N C206...

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Page 187: ...1 47 R598 10 U29A LVC74A D 2 CLK 3 S 4 R 1 Q 5 Q 6 R599 10 R372 68K R471 10 REG U124 LM2991S IN 3 OUT 5 ADJ 1 GND 4 ON OFF 2 IN TAB 6 R626 120 R374 47K X16 R456 10 X39 U29C LVC74A VCC 14 GND 7 J19 F09...

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Page 189: ...TN 11 SRQ 10 C450 100NF GPIB CNTRL U37A TNT4882 DRQ 32 RDY1 38 X0 95 X1 96 A0 15 A1 16 A2 17 A3 18 A4 19 D0 39 D1 42 D2 43 D3 44 D4 46 D5 47 D6 49 D7 50 D8 11 D9 10 D10 9 D11 7 D12 6 D13 5 D14 3 D15 2...

Page 190: ...Display Keyboard PCB 2 Component Layout 9 44 Schematic Diagrams...

Page 191: ...4 7K R17 4 7K S6 LEFT C20 2 2uF 35V S15 F4 D4 EL414GD TP3 R20 47 C18 22uF 6 3V PROBE GND1 U3A PCA9555 A0 21 A1 2 A2 3 SCL 22 SDA 23 I O0 0 4 I O0 1 5 I O0 2 6 I O0 3 7 I O0 4 8 I O0 5 9 I O0 6 10 I O0...

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Page 193: ...Chapter 10 Appendix...

Page 194: ...o Replace Surface Mounted Devices Figure 10 1 Heat the leads and push a thin aluminum sheet between the leads and the pca Figure 10 2 When removed clean the pads with desoldering braid Figure 10 3 Pla...

Page 195: ...open connectors Use ESD safe packing materials Use the packing material only once Keep paper and nonconductive plastics etc away from your workbench These may block the discharge path to ground Gloss...

Page 196: ...This page is intentionally left blank 10 4 Glossary...

Page 197: ...Chapter 11 Index...

Page 198: ...4 Impedance Converter 4 6 4 14 Impedance Selector 4 6 4 14 Limiter 4 6 4 14 Logic Level Conversion 4 7 4 15 Trigger Level Generation 4 7 4 15 Troubleshooting 6 8 6 36 Int Ref Output Description 4 8 4...

Page 199: ...ounted Devices 10 2 T Test After Repair 6 59 6 60 Test Routines Built in 4 10 4 18 Tests Internal Self Tests 2 2 Keyboard 2 2 Short Form Specification 2 4 2 5 Timebase Calibration 7 3 Timebase Referen...

Page 200: ...This page is intentionally left blank 11 4 Index...

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