Ectron 441A, Instructions Manual, Page: 12 / 74

OUTPUT
Voltage (
V
)
The linear range of the analog output is from
−
10 V to
+
10 V with up to 10 mA current. The output limits are
approximately
±
10.5 V. Output voltage for a given fre-
quency is determined by voltage and frequency set
points using the following:
V
=
V
U
−
V
L
f
U
−
f
L
×
(
f
in
−
f
L
)
+
V
L
,
where f
in
is the input frequency and V
U
and V
L
and f
U
and f
L
are the upper and lower voltage and frequency
settings of the instrument, respectively.
Uncertainty (
V
UNC
)
For frequencies less than 1 kHz,
V
UNC
=
0.00122
+



f
in
2
1.5
×
10
6
−
f
in
×
V
U
−
V
L
f
U
−
f
L



,
where f
in
is the input frequency and V
U
and V
L
and f
U
and f
L
are the upper and lower voltage and frequency
settings of the instrument, respectively.
For frequencies of 1 kHz and above,
V
UNC
=
0.00122
+



f
in
2
(
1.5
×
10
6
)
F
×
V
U
−
V
L
f
U
−
f
L



,
where f
in
is the input frequency, F is
f
in
⁄
1000
rounded up
to the nearest integer, and V
U
and V
L
and f
U
and f
L
are
the upper and lower voltage and frequency settings of
the instrument, respectively.
Uncertainty (
Hz
)
The uncertainty of the output in terms of frequency is
Hz
=
V
UNC
×
f
U
−
f
L
V
U
−
V
L
,
where V
UNC
is the uncertainty in volts, and V
U
and V
L
and f
U
and f
L
are the upper and lower voltage and fre-
quency settings of the instrument, respectively.
Scaling



V
Hz



V
Hz
=
V
U
−
V
L
f
U
−
f
L
,
where V
U
and V
L
and f
U
and f
L
are the upper and lower
voltage and frequency settings of the instrument, re-
spectively.
Resolution (
R
)
For input frequencies below 1 kHz, the resolution at
the output is:
Specifications Model 441A
2-2