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Data Translation DT9837, User Manual

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Data Translation DT9837 User Manual Download Page 67

Principles of Operation

67

Figure 22

 shows a block diagram of the DT9837C module.

Figure 22: Block Diagram of the DT9837C Module

2 mA Current

Source

+18 V Compliance Voltage

1 M

x1, 10

24-Bit 

A/D

Control 

Logic

2 mA

1 M

24-Bit 

A/D

2 mA

1 M

24-Bit 

A/D

2 mA

1 M

24-Bit 

A/D

Analog

Input 0

Analog

Input 1

Analog

Input 2

Analog

Input 3

24-Bit D/A 

Sigma-

Delta

D/A 

Clock

High-

Speed 

USB 2.0 

Interface

8K

D/A 

FIFO

USB 

2.0

Ext Trigger

D/A 

Output 0

Trigger

A/D

Clock

2K 

A/D 

FIFO

RJ45

Ext Trigger and Clock

Sigma-Deltas

x1, 10

x1, 10

x1, 10

1 Hz

1 Hz

1 Hz

1 Hz

40 kHz 

Filter

Summary of Contents for DT9837

Page 1: ...DT9837 Series UM 22417 AJ User s Manual Title Page ...

Page 2: ... patent rights of Data Translation Inc Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer software clause at 48 C F R 252 227 7013 or in subparagraph c 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Registered Rights clause at 48 C F R 52 227 19 as applicable Data Translation Inc 100 Locke...

Page 3: ...ions to this equipment not expressly approved by Data Translation could void your authority to operate the equipment under Part 15 of the FCC Rules Note This product was verified to meet FCC requirements under test conditions that included use of shielded cables and connectors between system components It is important that you use shielded cables and connectors to reduce the possibility of causing...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...24 Getting Started Procedure 25 Part 1 Getting Started 27 Chapter 2 Setting Up and Installing the Module 29 Unpacking 31 System Requirements 32 Attaching Modules to the Computer 33 Connecting Directly to the USB Ports 33 Connecting to an Expansion Hub 34 Configuring the DT9837 Series Device Drivers 36 Chapter 3 Wiring Signals 39 Preparing to Wire Signals 41 Wiring Recommendations 41 Wiring Signals...

Page 6: ...ns 69 Input Resolution 69 Input Clock Source 69 Analog Input Conversion Modes 70 Single Value Operations 70 Single Values Operations 71 Continuous Scan Mode 71 Input Triggers 73 Start Trigger Sources 73 Reference Trigger Sources 74 Data Format and Transfer 75 Error Conditions 75 Analog Output Features 76 Analog Output Channels 76 Output Ranges and Gains 76 Output Resolution 76 Output Clocks 76 Out...

Page 7: ...96 Thermocouple RTD and Thermistor Support 97 IEPE Support 98 Bridge and Strain Gage Support 98 Start Triggers 99 Reference Triggers 100 Clocks 101 Counter Timers 102 Tachometer 103 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 105 General Checklist 106 Technical Support 108 If Your Module Needs Factory Service 109 Chapter 8 Calibration 111 Using the Calibration Utility 113 Calibrating the Analog Input Subsystem 114 ...

Page 8: ...dicators 131 RJ45 LVDS Connector 132 Gate Input Connector 133 LED Status Indicators 134 Appendix C Register Level Programming 135 DT9837 Register Level Programming 136 Writing to the General Control Register 2 136 Writing to EEPROM to Change the Coupling Type and Current Source 137 Writing to EEPROM to Change the High Power Mode 138 DT9837A DT9837B and DT9837C Register Level Programming 140 Writin...

Page 9: ...ave some familiarity with data acquisition principles and that you understand your application How this Manual is Organized This manual is organized as follows Chapter 1 Overview describes the major features of the DT9837 Series modules as well as the supported software and accessories for the modules Chapter 2 Setting Up and Installing the Module describes how to install a DT9837 Series module ho...

Page 10: ...describes why USB is an attractive alternative for data acquisition It is available on the Data Translation web site www datatranslation com QuickDAQ User s Manual UM 24774 This manual describes how to create a QuickDAQ application to acquire and analyze data from a DT Open Layers data acquisition module DT Open Layers for NET User s Manual UM 22161 For programmers who are developing their own app...

Page 11: ...T9837 Series module the Data Translation Technical Support Department is available to provide technical assistance Refer to Chapter 7 for more information If you are outside the United States or Canada call your local distributor whose number is listed on our web site www datatranslation com ...

Page 12: ...About this Manual 12 ...

Page 13: ...13 1 Overview Hardware Features 14 Supported Software 21 Supported Accessories 24 Getting Started Procedure 25 ...

Page 14: ... of hysteresis For the start trigger on the DT9837C the threshold channel can be any of the analog input channels and the threshold level is programmable between 10 V for a gain of 1 and 1 V for a gain of 10 For the reference trigger on all modules the threshold channel can be any of the analog input channels and the threshold level is programmable between 10 V for a gain of 1 and 1 V for a gain o...

Page 15: ... inputs including use of a 4 mA current source and AC or DC coupling The ability to return the value of tachometer counter 0 in the analog input data stream allowing you to measure the period or frequency of the tachometer input signal synchronously with analog input measurements Supports a start trigger for acquiring pre trigger samples and a reference trigger for acquiring post trigger samples Y...

Page 16: ...0 V A software trigger starts the analog output operation Internal clock source shared between the analog input and analog output subsystems Key Features of the DT9837A Figure 2 shows the layout of the DT9837A module Figure 2 DT9837A Module The key hardware features of the DT9837A module are as follows Simultaneous analog input and analog output operations continuous or waveform mode Analog input ...

Page 17: ... input and output values Supports a start trigger for acquiring pre trigger samples and a reference trigger for acquiring post trigger samples You can specify the number of post trigger samples to acquire before stopping the operation For the start trigger supports a software programmable trigger source software external digital trigger or a positive going analog threshold trigger on analog input ...

Page 18: ... Electronic Piezoelectric inputs including use of a 4 mA current source with 18 V compliance voltage for AC or DC coupling The ability to return the value of tachometer counter 0 in the analog input data stream allowing you to measure the period or frequency of the tachometer input signal synchronously with analog input measurements The ability to read the value of tachometer counter 1 in the anal...

Page 19: ...gger on analog input channel 0 You can program the analog input threshold value from 0 2 V to 9 8 V with 0 1 V of hysteresis For the reference trigger supports a positive or negative going analog threshold trigger on any of the analog input channels You can program the threshold value from 10 V to 10 V RJ45 synchronization LVDS connector for synchronizing acquisition on up to four DT9837B modules ...

Page 20: ... samples to acquire before stopping the operation For the start trigger supports a software programmable trigger source software external digital trigger or analog threshold trigger You can program the analog input threshold trigger to come from any analog input channel to be positive or negative going and to have a threshold value from 10 V to 10 V For the reference trigger supports a positive or...

Page 21: ...t your devices Configure all input channel settings for the attached sensors Load save multiple hardware configurations Generate output stimuli fixed waveforms swept sine waves or noise signals On each supported data acquisition device acquire data from all channels supported in the input channel list Choose to acquire data continuously or for a specified duration Choose software or triggered acqu...

Page 22: ...rts the ability to lock the waveform output to the analysis frame time Allows you to configure and view dynamic performance statistics including the input below full scale IBF total harmonic distortion THD spurious free dynamic range SFDR signal to noise and distortion ratio SINAD signal to noise ratio SNR and the effective number of bits ENOB for selected time domain channels in the Statistics wi...

Page 23: ...the DT Open Layers standard DataAcq SDK Use the Data Acq SDK if you want to use Visual Studio 6 0 and Microsoft C or C to develop your own application software for a DT9837 Series module using Windows Vista Windows 7 or Windows 8 the DataAcq SDK complies with the DT Open Layers standard DAQ Adaptor for MATLAB Data Translation s DAQ Adaptor provides an interface between the MATLAB Data Acquisition ...

Page 24: ...37A DT9837B or DT9837C modules together Refer to page 88 for more information on using this panel Note You must have revision H or later of the DT9837A module or revision F or later of the DT9837A OEM module to be able to attach four modules together You can identify the revision of your module by looking at the serial number label on your module If you have revision G or earlier of the DT9837A or...

Page 25: ...agram is repeated in each Getting Started chapter the shaded area in the diagram shows you where you are in the getting started procedure Figure 6 Getting Started Flow Diagram Set Up and Install the Module see Chapter 2 starting on page 29 Wire Signals see Chapter 3 starting on page 39 Verify the Operation of the Module see Chapter 4 starting on page 49 ...

Page 26: ...Chapter 1 26 ...

Page 27: ...Part 1 Getting Started ...

Page 28: ......

Page 29: ...29 2 Setting Up and Installing the Module Unpacking 31 System Requirements 32 Attaching Modules to the Computer 33 Configuring the DT9837 Series Device Drivers 36 ...

Page 30: ...Chapter 2 30 Set Up and Install the Module this chapter Wire Signals see Chapter 3 starting on page 39 Verify the Operation of the Module see Chapter 4 starting on page 49 ...

Page 31: ...es call the Customer Service Department at 508 481 3700 ext 1323 An application engineer will guide you through the appropriate steps for replacing missing or damaged items If you are located outside the United States call your local distributor listed on Data Translation s web site www datatranslation com Note The DT9837 Series modules are factory calibrated If you decide that you want to recalib...

Page 32: ...able operation ensure that your computer meets the following system requirements Processor Pentium 4 M or equivalent RAM 1 GB Screen Resolution 1024 x 768 pixels Operating System Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Vista 32 and 64 bit Disk Space 4 GB ...

Page 33: ...s plugged back in The DT9837 Series modules use less than 500 mA therefore they do not require an external power supply You must install the device driver for your module before connecting the module s to the host computer Run the installation program on your Data Acquisition OMNI CD to install the device driver and other software for the module Connecting Directly to the USB Ports To connect a DT...

Page 34: ...ule Connecting to an Expansion Hub Expansion hubs are powered by their own external power supply The practical number of DT9837 Series modules that you can connect to a single USB port depends on the throughput you want to achieve To connect multiple DT9837 Series modules to an expansion hub do the following 1 Attach one end of the USB cable to the module and the other end of the USB cable to an e...

Page 35: ...g Expansion Hubs Note Once you have connected your module to the host computer power is turned on to the DT9837 Series module when your application program opens the module The LED on the module turns green to indicate that power is turned on Power is turned off to the module when your application program terminates its connection to the module USB Cable Expansion Hubs Host Computer Power Supply f...

Page 36: ...eries module do the following 1 If you have not already done so power up the host computer and all peripherals 2 From the Windows Start menu select Settings Control Panel 3 From the Control Panel double click Open Layers Control Panel The Data Acquisition Control Panel dialog box appears 4 If you want to rename the module click the name of the module that you want to rename click Edit Name enter a...

Page 37: ...most significant bit MSB of the measurement value is set to 0 when the value is new and set to 1 when the measurement is not yet complete If you select Not Used the MSB of the measurement value is always 0 8 On the DT9837A and DT9837B modules you can measure the time from the stopping edge of the tachometer input signal to the A D sample or from the A D sample to the stopping edge of the tachomete...

Page 38: ...mple choose a gate edge to start the measurement c From the Self Clear combo box select Clear to zero if you want to return a value of 0 between measurements or select Keep last Value if you want to return the previous measurement value between readings 10 For the Coupling type select AC for AC coupling or DC for DC coupling 11 For the Current Source select Enabled to enable the internal excitatio...

Page 39: ...39 3 Wiring Signals Preparing to Wire Signals 41 Connecting Analog Input Signals 44 Connecting an Analog Output Signal 45 Connecting a Tachometer Input Signal 46 Connecting a Gate Input Signal 47 ...

Page 40: ...Chapter 3 40 Set Up and Install the Module see Chapter 2 starting on page 29 Wire Signals this chapter Verify the Operation of the Module see Chapter 4 starting on page 49 ...

Page 41: ...e the module and cabling next to sources that produce high electromagnetic fields such as large electric motors power lines solenoids and electric arcs unless the signals are enclosed in a mumetal shield Prevent electrostatic discharge to the I O while the module is operational Connect all unused analog input channels to analog ground Wiring Signals to the Module The DT9837 module contains five BN...

Page 42: ...wn in Figure 17 on page 47 also provides an additional gate input connector Figure 10 Connectors on the DT9837A Module OEM Version Shown Figure 11 shows the connectors on the DT9837B module Figure 11 Connectors on the DT9837B Module Analog Inputs Tachometer USB Port Analog Output External Trigger RJ45 LVDS Port Tachometer Analog Inputs USB Port Gate Input External Trigger RJ45 LVDS Port ...

Page 43: ...re 13 shows the connectors on the DT9837C XLR module the board level OEM version of the module is shown Figure 13 Connectors on the DT9837C XLR Module The remaining sections of this chapter describe how to attach signals to these connectors USB Port Analog Output External Trigger RJ45 LVDS Port Analog Inputs USB Port Analog Output External Trigger Analog Inputs RJ45 LVDS Port ...

Page 44: ...f 10 V using a gain of 1 or 1 V using a gain of 10 Note If you enable the use of the internal excitation current source for IEPE inputs it is recommended that you choose AC coupling Refer to page 68 for more information on IEPE inputs Figure 14 shows how to connect analog inputs channels 0 and 1 in this case to the connectors on the DT9837 Series modules Figure 14 Connecting Analog Inputs to a DT9...

Page 45: ...output range of 10 V Figure 15 shows how to connect an analog output signal to the DT9837 DT9837A or DT9837C module Figure 15 Connecting an Analog Output Signal to a DT9837 DT9837A or DT9837C Module Note that the connector automatically connects the Analog Ground signal appropriately Load Analog Out 0 DT9837 DT9837A or DT9837C Module ...

Page 46: ...or DT9837B module as shown in Figure 16 Note In software you can read tachometer measurements as part of the analog input channel list Refer to page 82 for more information on tachometer measurements Figure 16 Connecting a Tachometer Input Signal to a DT9837 DT9837A or DT9837B Module Signal Source Tachometer In 0 DT9837 DT9837A or DT9837B Module ...

Page 47: ...uency and pulse width values The DT9837B provides a BNC connector for attaching a gate input signal Figure 17 shows how to connect a TTL gate input signal to the DT9837A OEM module Figure 17 Connecting a Gate Input Signal to the DT9837A OEM Module Gate Input Digital Ground External Source Gate Input Connector DT9837A OEM Module 1 4 J12 ...

Page 48: ...te Input Signal to a DT9837B Module Note In software you can read the gate measurements as part of the analog input channel list Refer to page 85 for more information on gate input measurements Note that the BNC automatically connects the Digital Ground signal appropriately Signal Source Gate Input DT9837B Module ...

Page 49: ...49 4 Verifying the Operation of a Module Select the Device 51 Acquire Data from an Analog Output Channel 54 ...

Page 50: ...ta Translation USB and Ethernet devices except the DT9841 Series DT9817 DT9835 and DT9853 54 This chapter describes how to verify the operation of a DT9837 Series module using the QuickDAQ base version Set Up and Install the Module see Chapter 2 starting on page 29 Wire Signals see Chapter 3 starting on page 39 Verify the Operation of the Module this chapter ...

Page 51: ...election select OpenLayersDevices By default the application discovers all devices that are available for the specified device family and displays the module name for the USB devices in the drop down list If you want to refresh this list to determine if other devices are available click Refresh 4 Select the module name for the DT9837 Series module that you want to use from the list of Available De...

Page 52: ...ster as follows a Click the Row Selector button for the device that you want to be the clock and trigger master b For the clock and trigger master device check the box under the Master column 6 Optional If you want to remove a device from list of selected devices click the Row Selector button for the device and then click Remove 7 Once you have added all the devices that you want to use with the a...

Page 53: ...Verifying the Operation of a Module 53 ...

Page 54: ...g output channel 0 of a DT9837 C module The analog output channel is connected to analog input channel 0 on the DT9837 C module Note If you are using a DT9837 B module attach a voltage source of 10 V to analog input channel 0 and skip the next section on configuring the analog output settings Configure the Analog Output Settings For this example configure the analog output channel as follows 1 Cli...

Page 55: ... you start acquisition 11 If desired hide the Acquisition Config window by clicking the Auto Hide pin in the top right corner of the window Configure the Analog Input Channel Configure the analog input channel as follows 1 Ensure that the output from analog output channel 0 is connected to the input of analog input channel 0 2 Configure the analog input channel by clicking the Input Channel Config...

Page 56: ... the analog input channel 8 Under the Engineering Units column select the engineering units for the input In this example V is used 9 Enter the number of mV per engineering unit in the mV EU field In this example 1000 is used 10 If an offset is specified for the input enter the value in the EU Offset field In this example no offset 0 is specified 11 If desired enter a test point value for the chan...

Page 57: ...e Acquisition Config window 2 For Filename generation use the default Filename option 3 For Filename use the default name for the data file 4 Leave the Enable Continuous Acquisition checkbox unchecked 5 For Acquisition Duration select 1 second The number of seconds for the total run and the amount of available disk space are shown 6 For X Span Axis select 1 second ...

Page 58: ...lick the Acquisition tab of the Acquisition Config window 2 For the Per Channel Sampling Frequency text box enter 10000 The sampling rate sample interval and number of scans are displayed 3 For the Trigger Source check box select Software to ensure that the measurement starts as soon as the Record button is clicked ...

Page 59: ...tton or press the F5 key to start the operation Results similar to the following are displayed in the Channel Plot window showing the output of analog output channel 0 as measured by analog input channel 0 Note Many additional options are provided in QuickDAQ for measuring and analyzing the data Refer to the QuickDAQ User s Manual for detailed information ...

Page 60: ...Chapter 4 60 ...

Page 61: ...Part 2 Using Your Module ...

Page 62: ......

Page 63: ...on Analog Input Features 68 Analog Output Features 76 Tachometer Input Features 82 Gate Input Features 85 Triggering Acquisition on Multiple Modules 86 Synchronizing Acquisition on Multiple DT9837A DT9837B or DT9837C Modules 87 ...

Page 64: ...ance Voltage 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D Control Logic 4 mA 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D Tachometer Input 4 mA 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D 4 mA 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D Analog Input 0 Analog Input 1 Analog Input 2 Analog Input 3 24 Bit D A 10 kHz Filter 8K FIFO High Speed USB 2 0 Interface Clock USB 2 0 Ext Trigger D A Output 0 Sigma Deltas 0 5 Hz 0 5 Hz 0 5 Hz 0 5 Hz ...

Page 65: ...ter Input 4 mA 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D 4 mA 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D Analog Input 0 Analog Input 1 Analog Input 2 Analog Input 3 24 BitD A Sigma Delta 10 kHz Filter D A Clock High Speed USB 2 0 Interface 8K D A FIFO USB 2 0 Ext Trigger D A Output 0 Trigger A D Clock 2K A D FIFO RJ45 Ext Trigger and Clock 16 bit A D D A Readback Sigma Deltas 0 1 Hz 0 1 Hz 0 1 Hz 0 1 Hz The external gate input signal is pr...

Page 66: ...oltage 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D Control Logic 4 mA 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D Tachometer Input 4 mA 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D 4 mA 1 M x1 10 24 Bit A D Analog Input 0 Analog Input 1 Analog Input 2 Analog Input 3 High Speed USB 2 0 Interface USB 2 0 Ext Trigger Trigger A D Clock 4K A D FIFO RJ45 Ext Trigger and Clock Sigma Deltas Ext Gate 0 5 Hz 0 5 Hz 0 5 Hz 0 5 Hz ...

Page 67: ...1 10 24 Bit A D Control Logic 2 mA 1 M 24 Bit A D 2 mA 1 M 24 Bit A D 2 mA 1 M 24 Bit A D Analog Input 0 Analog Input 1 Analog Input 2 Analog Input 3 24 BitD A Sigma Delta D A Clock High Speed USB 2 0 Interface 8K D A FIFO USB 2 0 Ext Trigger D A Output 0 Trigger A D Clock 2K A D FIFO RJ45 Ext Trigger and Clock Sigma Deltas x1 10 x1 10 x1 10 1 Hz 1 Hz 1 Hz 1 Hz 40 kHz Filter ...

Page 68: ...n all analog input connections must have the same lead lengths The DT9837 Series modules use Delta Sigma analog to digital converters ADCs that provide anti aliasing filters based on the clock rate These filters remove aliasing which is a condition where high frequency input components erroneously appear as lower frequencies after sampling DT9837 Series modules can acquire a single value from a si...

Page 69: ...es and AC coupling is selected for the DT9837B module Note If you enable the use of the internal excitation current source it is recommended that you choose AC coupling The DT9837C also provides a 1 Hz high pass filter You can change the IEPE settings using the Open Layers Control Panel applet described on page 36 or by writing to the registers of the module as described on Appendix C starting on ...

Page 70: ...elay of the converters The software automatically adjusts for the group delay to provide only valid data in each buffer The tachometer data which does not have the 39 sample group delay is synchronized with the analog data stream This is done through the firmware and device driver by caching the tachometer data and aligning it in time with the analog data in the user s data buffers Analog Input Co...

Page 71: ...ed you cannot stop a single values operation Continuous Scan Mode Continuous scan mode takes full advantage of the capabilities of the DT9837 Series modules You can specify a channel list clock source start trigger reference trigger post trigger scan count and buffer using software On the DT9837 module you can enter up to 5 entries in the channel list including four analog input channels A D chann...

Page 72: ...nput sample clock Using software you can stop a scan by performing either an orderly stop or an abrupt stop In an orderly stop the module finishes acquiring the current buffer stops all subsequent acquisition and transfers the acquired data to host memory any subsequent triggers are ignored In an abrupt stop the module stops acquiring samples immediately the current buffer is not completely filled...

Page 73: ...log input operation the computer issues a write to the module to begin conversions Using software specify the start trigger source as a software trigger External digital TTL trigger An external digital TTL trigger event occurs when the module detects a rising edge transition on the signal connected to the Ext Trig connector on the module Using software specify the start trigger source as an extern...

Page 74: ...d level Threshold channel Specify any one of the analog input channels that are included in the channel list as the threshold input channel Threshold level Specify a value between 10 V for a gain of 1 or 1 V for a gain of 10 as the threshold level Note On the DT9837A DT9837B and DT9837C modules if you configure the synchronization mode as slave the RJ45 connector accepts trigger and clock signals ...

Page 75: ...t buffers continuously when no more empty buffers are available the operation stops The data is gap free Note The DT9837A and DT9837 C modules have an input FIFO of 2 kBytes the DT9837B has an input FIFO of 4 kBtyes and the DT9837 does not use an input FIFO Error Conditions DT9837 Series modules report any overrun errors by sending an overrun event to the application program This event indicates t...

Page 76: ...output channel through the analog input channel list refer to page 79 for more information The DT9837 and DT9837A modules provide a two pole 10 kHz Butterworth filter and the DT9837C provides a 40 kHz smoothing filter to prevent noise from interfering with the output signal The analog output channel powers up to a value of 0 V 10 mV Output Ranges and Gains The DT9837 and DT9837A modules can output...

Page 77: ... section describes each of these conversion modes Note The DT9837A also provides the ability to read the value of the analog output channel in the analog input data stream Refer to page 79 for more information Single Value Mode Single value mode is the simplest to use but offers the least flexibility and efficiency Use software to specify the analog output channel that you want to update and the v...

Page 78: ...output operation before starting the analog input operation or an error will be reported The DT9837 DT9837A and DT9837C modules support the ability to mute the output voltage to 0 V Muting the output does not stop the analog output operation instead the analog output voltage is reduced to 0 V over 1020 samples When desired you can unmute the output voltage to its current level Refer to your softwa...

Page 79: ...output does not stop the analog output operation instead the analog output voltage is reduced to 0 V over 1020 samples When desired you can use unmute the output voltage to its current level Refer to your software documentation for more information on muting and unmuting the output voltage To stop a continuously paced analog output operation you can stop queuing buffers for the analog output syste...

Page 80: ...l as analog input channel 0 and the threshold level as a value between 0 2 V and 9 8 V For the DT9837C module the analog threshold trigger event occurs when the signal attached to a specified analog input channel in the channel list rises above or falls below a user specified threshold value Using software specify the following parameters Start trigger source Specify a positive low to high transit...

Page 81: ...the data buffers are not being sent from the host to the module fast enough and the D A converter ran out of data To avoid this error try one or more of the following Reduce the clock rate of the analog output operation For the DT9837 ensure that you allocate a single buffer with 8192 or fewer samples Close any other applications that are running Run the program on a faster computer ...

Page 82: ...arting edge is programmable either rising or falling You can specify the following parameters for tachometer counter 0 using the Open Layers Control Panel applet described on page 36 by using software commands or by writing to the registers of the module as described in Appendix C starting on page 135 The starting edge of the tachometer input signal to use for the measurement rising edge or fallin...

Page 83: ...l pulse the number of periods per second You can calculate the frequency as follows Frequency 12 MHz Number of counts 1 where 12 MHz is the internal counter timer clock frequency For example if the count is 21 the measured frequency is 600 kHz 12 MHz 20 Period of a signal pulse You can calculate the period as follows Period 1 Frequency Period Number of counts 1 12 MHz where 12 MHz is the internal ...

Page 84: ...described on page 36 or by writing to the registers of the module as described in Appendix C starting on page 135 The signal that starts the measurement A D sample rising edge of the tachometer input signal or falling edge of the tachometer input signal The signal that stops the measurement A D sample rising edge of the tachometer input signal or falling edge of the tachometer input signal Note No...

Page 85: ...ows you to precisely correlate analog input data with measurements from the gate input signal You can specify the following parameters for gate counter 2 using the Open Layers Control Panel applet described on page 36 or by writing to the registers of the module as described in Appendix C starting on page 135 The signal that starts the measurement A D sample gate rising edge or gate falling edge T...

Page 86: ...og output subsystems on the module You can start acquisition on multiple modules by connecting all modules to a shared external trigger input as shown in Figure 24 When triggered the modules start acquiring data at the same time Using this connection scheme the measurements of one module may not be synchronous with the measurements of another module due to logic delays in the clocking and USB circ...

Page 87: ...ode the DT9837A DT9837B or DT9837C module uses the USB clock instead of the RJ45 synchronization connector The synchronization mode remains set until changed or until the application exits You can connect multiple modules in one of two ways Figure 25 shows how to connect a maximum of two DT9837A DT9837B or DT9837C modules by daisy chaining them together through the RJ45 connector Figure 26 shows h...

Page 88: ...s USB Port 2 USB Port 1 USB USB DT9837A DT9837B or DT9837C Slave Device Under Test External Trigger Inputs RJ45 LVDS USB Port 2 Inputs Host PC USB Port 1 Inputs Inputs USB Port 3 USB Port 4 RJ45 LVDS RJ45 LVDS RJ45 LVDS USB USB USB USB EP386 RJ45 Distribution Panel connectors wired in parallel The RJ45 cables must be less than 1 foot in length For minimum clock skew the master module must be less ...

Page 89: ...If you start the master module before the slaves the slaves never start you will see a delay of approximately 20 seconds if you try to stop or abort the analog input operation on a slave module that is waiting for a trigger If you are using multiple DT9837C modules and want to trigger the master module with an external TTL trigger you must set both the master and the slave modules to use the exter...

Page 90: ...Chapter 5 90 ...

Page 91: ...iggered Scan Mode 94 Data Encoding 94 Channels 95 Gain 95 Ranges 96 Resolution 96 Current and Resistance Support 96 Thermocouple RTD and Thermistor Support 97 IEPE Support 98 Bridge and Strain Gage Support 98 Start Triggers 99 Reference Triggers 100 Clocks 101 Counter Timers 102 Tachometer 103 ...

Page 92: ...N DOUT C T TACH QUAD Total Subsystems on Module 1 1a or 2b a The DT9837 supports D A subsystem 0 to access the capabilities of the analog output subsystem The DT9837B supports D A subsystem 0 to program the threshold value for the analog threshold trigger but the threshold level can also be programmed directly through the analog input subsystem using software b The DT9837A supports two D A subsyst...

Page 93: ...er Continuous Operation before after Trigger SupportsContinuousPrePostTrigger Waveform Operations Using FIFO Only SupportsWaveformModeOnly Yesd d The DT9837A and DT9837C modules support continuous analog output operations in addition to waveform mode Simultaneous Start List Support SupportsSimultaneousStart Yese e The DT9837A and DT9837C modules support the ability to start continuous A D and cont...

Page 94: ...Options DT9837 Series Modules A D D A DIN DOUT C T TACH QUAD Triggered Scan Support SupportsTriggeredScan Maximum Number of CGL Scans per Trigger MaxMultiScanCount 1 0 0 0 0 0 Maximum Retrigger Frequency MaxRetriggerFreq 0 0 0 0 0 0 Minimum Retrigger Frequency MinRetriggerFreq 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 7 Data Encoding Options DT9837 Series Modules A D D Aa a The D A subsystem is not supported by the DT983...

Page 95: ...meter counter 0 channel 5 corresponds to tachometer counter 1 channel 6 corresponds to gate counter 2 on the DT9837A OEM module and channel 7 corresponds to the analog output readback channel 1 0 0 0 0 SE Support SupportsSingleEnded Yes Yes SE Channels MaxSingleEndedChannels 4 1 0 0 0 DI Support SupportsDifferential DI Channels MaxDifferentialChannels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maximum Channel Gain List Depth CG...

Page 96: ... DT9837 Series Modules A D D Aa a The D A subsystem is not supported by the DT9837B module DIN DOUT C T TACH QUAD Software Programmable Resolution SupportsSoftwareResolution Number of Resolutions NumberOfResolutions 1 1 0 0 0 0 Available Resolutions SupportedResolutions 24 24 0 0 0 0 Table 12 Current and Resistance Support Options DT9837 Series A D D A DIN DOUT C T TACH QUAD Current Support Suppor...

Page 97: ...ge Converted to Temperature SupportsTemperatureDataInStream Supported Thermocouple Types ThermocoupleType Supports CJC Source Internally in Hardware SupportsCjcSourceInternal Supports CJC Channel SupportsCjcSourceChannel Available CJC Channels CjcChannel Supports Interleaved CJC Values in Data Stream SupportsInterleavedCjcTemperaturesInStream Supported RTD Types RTDType RTD R0 Coefficient RtdR0 Su...

Page 98: ... DT9837 DT9837A and DT9837B support an internal excitation current of 4 mA while the DT9837C supports an internal excitation current source of 2 mA Table 15 Bridge and Strain Gage Support Options DT9837 Series A D D A DIN DOUT C T TACH QUAD Bridge Support SupportsBridge Supported Bridge Configurations BridgeConfiguration Strain Gage Support SupportsStrainGage Supported Strain Gage Bridge Configura...

Page 99: ...alog input channel 0 If you choose a threshold trigger for the start trigger on the DT9837A or DT9837B you can program the threshold level from 0 2 V to 9 8 V and the threshold channel is analog input channel 0 If you choose a threshold trigger for the start trigger on the DT9837C module you can program the threshold level as a value between 10 V for a gain of 1 or 1 V for a gain of 10 and any of ...

Page 100: ...as a value between 10 V for a gain of 1 or 1 V for a gain of 10 and any of the supported analog input channels can be used as the threshold channel Negative Threshold Trigger Support SupportsNegThresholdTrigger Yesa Digital Event Trigger Support SupportsDigitalEventTrigger Sync Bus Support SupportsSyncBusTrigger Analog Input Channels Supported for the Threshold Trigger SupportedThresholdTriggerCha...

Page 101: ...DT9837C has a maximum frequency of 27 MHz 0 0 Maximum Clock Divider MaxExtClockDivider 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 Minimum Clock Divider MinExtClockDivider 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 Maximum Frequency MaxFrequency 52 734 kHz 105 469 kHzc c The DT9837 and DT9837A support a maximum sampling frequency of 52 734 kHz the DT9837B and DT9837C support a maximum sampling frequency of 105 469 kHz 46 875 kHz 52 734 kHz or 96 kHzd ...

Page 102: ...sMeasure High to Low Output Pulse Support SupportsHighToLowPulse Low to High Output Pulse Support SupportsLowToHighPulse Variable Pulse Width Support SupportsVariablePulseWidth None internal Gate Type Support SupportsGateNone High Level Gate Type Support SupportsGateHighLevel Low Level Gate Type Support SupportsGateLowLevel High Edge Gate Type Support SupportsGateHighEdge Low Edge Gate Type Suppor...

Page 103: ... writing to the registers of the module described on page 135 you cannot use the DT Open Layers for NET Class Library to configure these settings Tachometer Rising Edges SupportsRisingEdge Yesa Tachometer Stale Data Flag SupportsStaleDataFlag Yesb b The Stale Data flag can be 0 or 1 on the DT9837A and DT9837B the Stale Data flag is always 0 on the DT9837 For the DT9837A and DT9837B you specify whe...

Page 104: ...Chapter 6 104 ...

Page 105: ...105 7 Troubleshooting General Checklist 106 Technical Support 108 If Your Module Needs Factory Service 109 ...

Page 106: ...em refer to page 108 Table 21 Troubleshooting Problems Symptom Possible Cause Possible Solution Module is not recognized You plugged the module into your computer before installing the device driver From the Control Panel System Hardware Device Manager uninstall any unknown devices showing a yellow question mark Then run the setup program on your OMNI CD to install the USB device drivers and recon...

Page 107: ...ile the transducers are wired as single ended inputs or vice versa Check your wiring and ensure that what you specify in software matches your hardware configuration see the instructions in Chapter 3 The module is out of calibration DT9837 Series modules are calibrated at the factory If you want to readjust the calibration of the analog input or analog output circuitry refer to Chapter 8 USB 2 0 i...

Page 108: ...anslation com and click on the Support link When requesting technical support be prepared to provide the following information Your product serial number The hardware software product you need help on The version of the OMNI CD you are using Your contract number if applicable If you are located outside the USA contact your local distributor see our web site www datatranslation com for the name and...

Page 109: ...lation com for the name and telephone number of your nearest distributor All return shipments to Data Translation must be marked with the correct RMA number to ensure proper processing 2 Using the original packing materials if available package the module as follows Wrap the module in an electrically conductive plastic material Handle with ground protection A static discharge can destroy component...

Page 110: ...Chapter 7 110 ...

Page 111: ...111 8 Calibration Using the Calibration Utility 113 Calibrating the Analog Input Subsystem 114 Calibrating the Analog Output Subsystem 116 ...

Page 112: ...on of the analog input and analog output circuitry every six months using the DT9837 Series Calibration Utility Note Ensure that you installed the device driver for your module using the Data Acquisition OMNI CD prior to using the calibration utility This chapter describes how to calibrate the analog input and output subsystems of a DT9837 Series module using the calibration utility ...

Page 113: ...anslation Inc Calibration DT9837 Series Calibration Utility The main window of the DT9837 Series Calibration Utility appears 3 Select the module to calibrate and then click OK Once the calibration utility is running you can calibrate the analog input circuitry either automatically or manually described on page 114 or the analog output circuitry of the module described on page 116 ...

Page 114: ...pling with the current source disabled This is the recommended setting for most users While changing these settings is not advised for most users users with unique applications can change these settings by clicking the Advanced button 3 Under the Automatic Calibration area of the window select the channel that you want to calibrate from the Type of Calibration drop down list box and then click the...

Page 115: ...ffset as follows a Verify that 0 000 V is applied to the channel that you want to calibrate The current voltage reading for this channel is displayed in the AD Value box b Adjust the offset by entering values between 0 and 255 in the Offset edit box or by clicking the up down buttons until the AD Value is 0 000 V 5 Adjust the gain as follows a Verify that 9 375 V is applied to the channel that you...

Page 116: ...C 4 Adjust the offset by entering values between 0 and 255 in the DAC 0 Offset edit box or by clicking the up down buttons until the voltmeter reads 9 375 V for the DT9837 and DT9837A or 2 75 V for the DT9837C 5 In the DAC Output Voltage box select 9 375 V for the DT9837 and DT9837A or 2 75 V for the DT9837C 6 Adjust the gain by entering values between 0 and 255 in the DAC 0 Gain edit box or by cl...

Page 117: ...tput Specifications 121 Tachometer Input Specifications 123 Gate Input Specifications 124 Trigger Specifications 125 Master Oscillator Specifications 126 Power Physical and Environmental Specifications 127 Regulatory Specifications 128 Connector Specifications 129 ...

Page 118: ...n seconds ADC Delta Sigma filterb Passband 3 dB Passband ripple 0 005 dB Stopband 100 dB 0 49 x sample frequency Hz 0 453 x sample frequency Hz 0 547 x sample frequency Hz 0 49 x sample frequency Hz 0 453 x sample frequency Hz 0 547 x sample frequency Hz 0 49 x sample frequency Hz 0 453 x sample frequency Hz 0 547 x sample frequency Hz 0 49 x sample frequency Hz 0 453 x sample frequency Hz 0 547 x...

Page 119: ...D Done 16 bits 15 mV 0 2 42 ns to 83 ns Dynamic Performancef See Table 23 on page 120 Maximum input voltage without damage Power on Power off 30 V 20 V 40 V 40 V 40 V 40 V 40 V 40 V Overvoltage Protection Overvoltage protection power on off 40 V 40 V 40 V 40 V ESD protection Arc Contact 8 kV 4 kV 8 kV 4 kV 8 kV 4 kV 8 kV 4 kV a The conversion rate Sample rate 512 b The total frequency response is ...

Page 120: ...RMS value of the input signal to the RMS sum of all other spectral components excluding DC 92 dB 91 dB 88 dB 88 dB 93 dB 94 dB 89 dB 90 dB 90 dB 92 dB 87 dB 88 dB Signal to Noise Ratio SNRd 1 kHz input 1 dBFS input 6 dBFS input d Signal to Noise Ratio SNR is the ratio of the RMS value of the input signal to the RMS sum of all other spectral components excluding harmonics and DC 95 dB 91 dB 94 dB 9...

Page 121: ... 3 dB Passband ripple 0 002 dB Stopband 82 dB 0 49 x sample frequency Hz 0 454 x sample frequency Hz 0 546 x sample frequency Hz 0 49 x sample frequency Hz 0 454 x sample frequency Hz 0 5646 x sample frequency Hz 0 49 x sample frequency Hz 0 454 x sample frequency Hz 0 5646 x sample frequency Hz Analog filtera 10 kHz 2 pole low pass Butterworth 10 kHz 2 pole low pass Butterworth 40 kHz smoothing f...

Page 122: ... 8 kV 4 kV 8 kV 4 kV a The total frequency response is the combined frequency response of the DAC Sigma Delta filter and the analog filter b THD and SFDR measurements were made with a 16384 point FFT using a minimum 4 term Blackman Harris window at the maximum sample rate Table 24 Analog Output Subsystem Specifications cont Feature DT9837 Specifications DT9837A Specifications DT9837C Specification...

Page 123: ...er channel 31 bits per channel 31 bits per channel Input voltage range 30 V 30 V 30 V Threshold voltage 2 V with 0 5 V hysteresis 2 V with 0 5 V hysteresis 2 V with 0 5 V hysteresis Maximum input frequency 380 kHz 1 MHz 1 MHz Minimum pulse width high low minimum amount of time it takes a C T to recognize an input pulse 1 3 μs 0 4 μs 0 4 μs Clock frequency for tachometer counter 0 measurements 12 M...

Page 124: ...e Input Specifications Feature DT9837A OEM and DT9837B Specifications Signal type LVTTL Input voltage range for gate input signal 0 to 5 V Threshold voltage 2 V with 0 5 V hysteresis Maximum input frequency 1 MHz Minimum pulse width high low 0 4 μs Counter resolution 32 bits Clock frequency for gate counter 2 measurements 48 MHz 21 ns resolution ...

Page 125: ...le Software selectable External digital trigger Input type Logic family Input logic load Lower threshold Upper threshold Hysteresis Input sink current Minimum pulse width high low Maximum input signal Edge sensitive positive trigger LVTTL inputs 1 LVTTL 1 1 V 1 3 V 0 2 V 33 μA 1 3 μA 30 V Analog threshold trigger Type Threshold level Hysteresis Positive threshold trigger on analog input channel 0 ...

Page 126: ...ster oscillator on the DT9837A DT9837B and DT9837C modules Table 28 Master Oscillator Specifications Feature DT9837A DT9837B and DT9837C Specifications Frequency 48 MHz Accuracy at 25 C 30 ppm Drift over temperature 0 to 70 C Total 50 ppm Aging first year 5 ppm Maximum error first year 85 ppm ...

Page 127: ... DT9837B Specifications DT9837C Specifications Power 5 V 0 5 V 0 5 A 0 30 V 0 5 A 0 30 V 425 mA 0 30 V 0 5 A Physical Dimensions of enclosure Dimensions of PCB only Weight PCB assembly with enclosure PCB assembly Width 105 9 mm Length 189 mm Height 40 mm Width 100 mm Length 146 6 mm Thickness 1 6 mm 490 7 g 153 1 g Environmental Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Relative humidi...

Page 128: ...quipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use EMC Requirements EN61000 4 2 2009 Electrostatic Discharge ESD 4 kV contact discharge 8 kV air discharge 4 kV horizontal and vertical coupling planes EN61000 4 3 2006 Radiated electromagnetic fields 3 V m 80 to 1000 MHz 3 V m 1 4 GHz to 2 GHz 1 V m 2 GHz to 2 7 GHz EN61000 4 4 2004 Electrical Fast Transient Burst EFT 1 kV on data cables EN61000 4 ...

Page 129: ... Table 31 Connector Specifications Feature Specifications RJ45 LVDS Connector Molex part number 44661 0001 Gate Input Connectora a This connector is available on the DT9837A OEM module only AMP Tyco part number 5 146282 4 BNC Connectors DT9837 DT9837A DT9837B and DT9837C BNC Amphenol 31 5540 Mini XLR connectors DT9837C XLR Switchcraft TRAPC3MX ...

Page 130: ...Appendix A 130 ...

Page 131: ...131 B Connector Pin Assignments and LED Status Indicators RJ45 LVDS Connector 132 Gate Input Connector 133 LED Status Indicators 134 ...

Page 132: ... Connector Pin Assignments Pin Description 1 Clock An LVDS signal for synchronizing data collection between two modules 2 Clock 3 Trigger An LVTTL signal that is asserted low for triggering between modules 4 Sync An LVTTL signal that is asserted low for synchronizing all the analog input signals between modules for simultaneous sample and hold applications 5 Sync Connected to digital ground throug...

Page 133: ... BNC for the gate input signal Figure 28 shows the orientation of the Gate Input connector on the DT9837A OEM module Figure 28 Gate Input Connector Table 33 lists the pin assignments for the Gate Input connector on the DT9837A OEM module Table 33 Gate Input Connector Pin Assignments Pin Description 1 Gate Input 2 No Connect 3 Digital Ground 4 No Connect Pin 4 Pin 1 Pin 3 Pin 2 ...

Page 134: ...Series has a single bi color LED that indicates the status of the module as described in Table 34 Table 34 LED Status Indicators on the DT9828 Module Color of the LED Status Description Green Module is powered Blinking Amber Module is acquiring data ...

Page 135: ...135 C Register Level Programming DT9837 Register Level Programming 136 DT9837A DT9837B and DT9837C Register Level Programming 140 ...

Page 136: ...ite variable define LOCAL_BUS_BASE 0x200000 define GENERAL_CNTRL_REG2 LOCAL_BUS_BASE 0x4102 olDiagWriteReg m_hDev GENERAL_CONTROL_REG2 RegValueToWrite 2 General Control Register 2 ControlReg2 Offset 0x2 Note The contents of the registers are reset once the application exits Table 35 describes the bits of General Control Register 2 on the DT9837 module that relate to the programmable settings in th...

Page 137: ...ng Type and Current Source Bits Type Default Name Description 0 RW 1 ADC 0 Coupling Select the coupling type for analog input channel 0 0 AC 1 DC 1 RW 1 ADC 1 Coupling Select the coupling type for analog input channel 1 0 AC 1 DC 2 RW 1 ADC 2 Coupling Select the coupling type for analog input channel 2 0 AC 1 DC 3 RW 1 ADC 3 Coupling Select the coupling type for analog input channel 3 0 AC 1 DC 4 ...

Page 138: ...value is actually transferred Writing to EEPROM to Change the High Power Mode For the high power mode setting you can keep high power mode always turned on or turn off high power mode the default setting by writing to the EEPROM_OFFSET_POWER_OVERRIDE_REG 0x000E control in the EEPROM Turning off the high power circuitry writing a value of 0 to this control helps to conserve power which may be usefu...

Page 139: ...aysOn numberOfBytes This example shows how to write to this EEPROM location to keep high power mode always on To keep the high power mode always on use the following code UINT alwaysOn 1 UINT numberOfBytes 1 OLSTATUS olStatus olDiagWriteReg m_hDev EEPROM_MEM_BASE EEPROM_OFFSET_POWER_OVERRIDE_REG alwaysOn numberOfBytes Note Current only one bit of this control is used therefore there is no need to ...

Page 140: ... and DT9837B modules using the value specified in the RegValueToWrite variable define LOCAL_BUS_BASE 0x400000 define GENERAL_CNTRL_REG4 LOCAL_BUS_BASE 0x8 olDiagWriteReg m_hDev GENERAL_CONTROL_REG4 RegValueToWrite 2 General Control Register 4 ControlReg4 Offset 0x8 Note The contents of the registers are reset once the application exits Table 37 describes the bits of General Control Register 4 on t...

Page 141: ... 10 Tach Input Falling Edge 11 Tach Input Rising Edge 4 RW Tach Counter 1 Self Clear Select the value read in between measured values on Tach Counter 1 0 Keep the last value 1 Clear to 0 on write to Input FIFO 3 RW Tach Counter 0 Start Select Select the starting edge for the period measurement on Tach Counter 0 0 Tach Input Rising Edge 1 Tach Input Falling Edge 1 RW Tach Counter 0 Mode Select Sele...

Page 142: ...rce are minimized it is recommended that you keep the module s high power circuitry always turned on To keep high power mode always on set the value of this control to True To turn off high power mode set the value of this control to False These controls may also be uninitialized if for some reason the module skipped the post manufacturing initialization process To access the storage locations pro...

Page 143: ...STATUS olStatus olDiagReadReg m_hDev EEPROM_MEM_BASE EEPROM_OFFSET_CURRENT_SOURCE_2 Channel_2_Current_Source 1 To set the coupling power up default for channel 0 to AC use the following code OLSTATUS olStatus olDiagWriteReg m_hDev EEPROM_MEM_BASE EEPROM_OFFSET_COUPLING_0 ULONG AC 1 To keep the high power mode always on use the following code BOOL alwaysOn True UNIT numberOfBytes 1 OLSTATUS olStatu...

Page 144: ...Appendix C 144 ...

Page 145: ...Control Panel 107 application wiring analog inputs 44 analog output 45 gate input 47 tachometer input 46 applications Quick DataAcq 23 QuickDAQ 21 B base clock frequency 101 BaseClockFrequency 101 binary data encoding 94 buffers 94 inprocess flush 94 single wrap mode 94 C C C programs 23 cables USB 33 34 calibrating the module analog input subsystem 114 analog output subsystem 116 running the cali...

Page 146: ...post trigger 93 single value 93 waveform stored in FIFO only 93 data format and transfer analog input 75 analog output 80 DataAcq SDK 23 DC coupling 98 device drivers 21 36 Device Selection window 51 differential channels 95 digital trigger 73 80 DT9837 Series Calibration Utility 21 DT Open Layers for NET Class Library 23 E encoding data 75 80 environmental specifications 127 EP386 panel 24 87 88 ...

Page 147: ...equency 101 MinRetriggerFreq 94 multiple modules triggering 86 muting the output voltage 78 93 N negative threshold trigger 100 number of differential channels 95 gains 95 I O channels 95 resolutions 96 scans per trigger 94 single ended channels 95 voltage ranges 96 NumberOfChannels 95 NumberOfRanges 96 NumberOfResolutions 96 NumberOfSupportedGains 95 Nyquist Theorem 70 O Open Layers Control panel...

Page 148: ...tachometer input 123 triggers 125 start trigger analog threshold trigger 74 external digital TTL trigger 73 software 73 start trigger sources 73 stopping an operation 72 79 SupportedExcitationCurrentValues 98 SupportedGains 95 SupportedResolutions 96 SupportedThresholdTriggerChannel 99 SupportedThresholdTriggerChannels 100 SupportedVoltageRanges 96 SupportsACCoupling 98 SupportsBinaryEncoding 94 S...

Page 149: ...ers analog input 73 analog threshold 74 80 external 73 80 external positive digital 99 negative threshold 100 positive analog threshold 99 positive threshold 100 software 73 80 99 specifications 125 threshold channel 100 troubleshooting procedure 106 technical support 108 troubleshooting table 106 TTL trigger 73 80 U unmuting the output voltage 78 93 unpacking 31 USB cable 33 34 USB expansion hub ...

Page 150: ...Index 150 ...

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