Casio CLASSPAD II User Manual Download Page 184

Page: 184 / 275

Chapter 11

Financial Application

184

In this formula,

NPV

= 0, and the value of

IRR

is equivalent to

× 100. It should be noted, however, that

minute fractional values tend to accumulate during the subsequent calculations performed automatically by
the ClassPad, so

NPV

never actually reaches exactly zero.

IRR

becomes more accurate the closer that

NPV

approaches to zero.

PBP

{

0 .................................. (

–

NPV

–

NPV

(Other than those above)

...

NPV

= 0

)

: smallest positive integer that satisfies the conditions

NPV

0, 0

NPV

, or 0

Amortization

1 payment

Number of payments

PM1

PM2

Last

............

...................

..........

1 payment

Number of payments

PM1

PM2

Last

.............

................

.............

: interest portion of payment PM1 (INT)

: principal portion of payment PM1 (PRN)

: principal balance upon completion of

payment PM2 (BAL)

: total principal paid from payment PM1 to

payment PM2 (

PRN)

: total interest paid from payment PM1 to

payment PM2 (

INT)

= one repayment (PMT)

BAL

= PV

(when “Payment Date” is “End”)

INT

PRN

= PMT

(when “Payment Date” is “Begin”)

Converting between the Nominal Interest Rate and Effective Interest Rate

The nominal interest rate (

% value input by user) is converted to an effective interest rate (

) for installment

loans where the number of annual payments is different from the number of annual compound calculation
periods.

(1 +

)

– 1

[

]

[

]

{ }

100

× [

]

The following calculation is performed after conversion from the nominal interest rate to the effective interest
rate, and the result is used for all subsequent calculations.

100

Interest Conversion

EFF

APR/

100

1 +

– 1

100

APR

100

EFF

1 +

– 1

100

=1@

PM1

DG5

PM1–1

(

H2@

)

HJ1

PM1

H2@

DG5

PM1–1

DG5

PM2

DG5

PM2–1

HJ1

PM2

HJ1

PM1

HJ1

PM1+1

+ … +

HJ1

PM2

PM1

=1@

PM1

=1@

PM1+1

+ … +

=1@

PM2

PM1

Summary of Contents for CLASSPAD II

Page 1: ...ClassPad II fx CP400 User s Guide CASIO Education website URL http edu casio com Access the URL below and register as a user http edu casio com dl E ...

Page 2: ...e express written consent of the manufacturer The options described in Chapter 15 Performing Data Communication in this manual may not be available in certain geographic areas For full details on availability in your area contact your nearest CASIO dealer or distributor In no event shall CASIO Computer Co Ltd be liable to anyone for special collateral incidental or consequential damages in connect...

Page 3: ...ng Application Files 30 1 6 Creating and Using Variables 31 Creating a New Variable 31 Variable Usage Example 32 library Folder Variables 32 Rules Governing Variable Access 33 1 7 Configuring Application Format Settings 34 Application Format Settings 34 Initializing All Application Format Settings 40 1 8 When you keep having problems 41 Chapter 2 Main Application 42 Main Application Specific Menus...

Page 4: ...Row Column Submenus 74 Using the Vector Submenu 77 Using the Equation Inequality Submenu 79 Using the Assistant Submenu 82 Using the Distribution Inv Dist Submenu 82 Using the Financial Submenu 88 Using the Command Submenu 88 2 8 Using the Interactive Menu 89 Interactive Menu Example 89 Using the apply Command 89 2 9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications 89 Using Anothe...

Page 5: ...ng an Ellipse 116 Drawing a Hyperbola 116 Drawing a General Conics 116 4 3 Using G Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph 116 What You Can Do Using the G Solve Menu Commands 116 Using G Solve Menu Commands 117 Chapter 5 Differential Equation Graph Application 118 Differential Equation Editor Window Specific Menus and Buttons 118 Differential Equation Graph Window Specific Menus and Buttons 118 5 1 Graphi...

Page 6: ...Chapter 8 Geometry Application 150 Geometry Application Specific Menus and Buttons 150 Configuring Geometry View Window Settings 151 About the Geometry Format Dialog Box 151 8 1 Drawing Figures 151 Drawing a Figure 151 Inserting Text Strings into the Screen 155 Attaching an Angle Measurement to a Figure 155 Displaying the Measurements of a Figure 155 Displaying the Result of a Calculation that Use...

Page 7: ...ial Application Settings 181 11 2 Performing Financial Calculations 182 11 3 Calculation Formulas 182 Simple Interest 182 Compound Interest 183 Cash Flow 183 Amortization 184 Interest Conversion 184 Cost Sell Margin 185 Depreciation 185 Bond Calculation 185 Break Even Point 186 Margin of Safety 186 Financial Leverage 186 Operating Leverage 186 Combined Leverage 186 Quantity Conversion 186 11 4 Fin...

Page 8: ...l Reference 223 Cell Data Types Text Data and Calculation Data 224 Inputting a Constant into a Calculation Data Type Cell 224 Using the Cell Viewer Window 226 Changing the Text Color and Fill Color of Specific Cells 226 Copying or Cutting Cells and Pasting Them to Another Location 227 Recalculating Spreadsheet Expressions 227 Importing and Exporting Variable Values 228 13 2 Graphing 229 Basic Grap...

Page 9: ...lassPad to an EA 200 Data Analyzer 257 Connecting a ClassPad to a CASIO EA 200 Data Analyzer 257 15 5 Connecting the ClassPad to a Projector 258 Projecting ClassPad Screen Contents from a Projector 258 Precautions when Connecting 258 Appendix 259 Character Code Table 259 System Variable Table 263 Graph Types and Executable Functions 266 Error and Warning Message Tables 267 Error Message Table 267 ...

Page 10: ... Glance 3 pin data communication port See Chapter 15 for details 4 pin mini USB port See Chapter 15 for details Touch screen Icon panel See 1 3 Built in Application Basic Operations Cursor key 1 k key f key 2 Stylus K key c key Keypad 1 In this manual cursor key operations are indicated as f c d e 2 Certain functions cut paste undo etc or key input operations can be assigned to key combinations th...

Page 11: ... full medium low dead Important Be sure to replace batteries as soon as possible whenever the battery level indicator shows low Replace batteries immediately whenever the battery level indicator shows dead At this level you will not be able to perform data communication or other functions For information about initial setup operations required after replacing batteries see Replacing Batteries and ...

Page 12: ...low shows the application icons displayed on the application menu and explains what you can do with each application Tap this icon To start this application To perform this type of operation Main General calculations including function calculations Matrix calculations Computer Algebra System eActivity Create an eActivity file that can be used for input of formulas text and other ClassPad applicati...

Page 13: ...Manage ClassPad memory main memory eActivity area storage area Configure system settings Tip You can also start up the Main application by tapping M on the icon panel Application Window The following shows the basic configuration of a built in application window Menu bar Tool bar Application window s Soft keyboard See page 15 Status bar See page 15 Upper window Lower window Many applications split...

Page 14: ...h to horizontal landscape display orientation Horizontal orientation helps when you are using formulas that are long To return to vertical portrait display orientation tap g again Using the O Menu The O menu appears at the top left of the window of each application except for the System application You can access the O menu by tapping m on the icon panel or by tapping the menu bar s O menu The fol...

Page 15: ...de operations to pause and terminate break expression processing graphing and other operations u To pause an operation Pressing the K key while an expression processing graphing or other operation is being performed pauses the operation X appears on the right side of the status bar to indicate when an operation is paused Pressing K again resumes the operation u To terminate an operation Pressing t...

Page 16: ...hen Keyboard again hides the soft keyboard Soft keyboard Soft Keyboard Key Sets The soft keyboard has a variety of different key sets that support various data input needs Each of the available key sets is shown below Math1 Math2 Math3 Trig trigonometric Advance key sets These key sets include keys for inputting functions operators and symbols required for numerical formulas Math1 Math2 Math3 Trig...

Page 17: ...use only the touch screen for input or in place of the keypad while using horizontal landscape display orientation Input Basics This section includes a number of examples that illustrate how to perform basic input procedures All of the procedures assume the following The Main application is running See Built in Applications page 12 The soft keyboard is displayed See Using the Soft Keyboard page 15...

Page 18: ...he character you want to delete and then press K Each press of K deletes one character to the left of the cursor Example To change the expression 369 2 to 369 2 1 c369 2 2 dK After you make all of the changes you want press E to calculate the result To add more characters to the calculation press e to move the cursor to the end of the calculation and input what you want Tip You can move the cursor...

Page 19: ... current cursor location Tip The clipboard contents remain on the clipboard after you paste them This means you can paste the current contents as many times as you like Copying and pasting in the message box The message box is a 1 line input and display area under the Graph window see Chapter 3 You can use the two buttons to the right of the message box to copy the message box contents p button or...

Page 20: ...ons Chapter 2 page 89 5 4 Graphing an Expression or Value by Dropping It into the Differential Equation Graph Window Chapter 5 page 124 8 5 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications Chapter 8 page 170 13 1 Inputting and Editing Cell Contents Chapter 13 page 221 13 2 Graphing Chapter 13 page 229 Various Soft Keyboard Operations This section explains how to use each of the soft keyboard...

Page 21: ...h3 Inputs parentheses Math1 Math3 Inputs brackets 2 4 List Calculations page 55 Math1 Trig R Angle Conversion r page 46 Math1 V Logarithmic Functions and Exponential Functions page 47 Math1 wE Other Functions page 48 Math1 dms Action Transformation DMS dms page 62 Math1 a toDMS Action Transformation DMS toDMS page 62 Math1 solve Action Equation Inequality solve page 79 Math2 Math3 Trig i Inputs th...

Page 22: ...Input ClassPad supports two different input methods template input and line input Template input lets you input fractions powers and other functions using formats that are the same as those in textbooks Line input uses a linear format for inputting expressions 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 Template Input Line Input u Switching between Template Input and Line Input Tap the L key Each toggles the key colo...

Page 23: ...the Action Menu page 59 kUsing Single character Variables As its name suggests a single character variable is a variable name that consists of a single character like a or x Input of single character variable names is subject to different rules than input of a series of multiple characters like abc u To input a single character variable name Any character you input using any one of the following t...

Page 24: ...the left of the soft keyboard to display the alphabet keyboard abc key set In addition to the abc key set you can also select from among three other key sets named αβγ character symbols Math mathematics symbols and Symbol extra symbols Use the tabs above the alphabet keyboard to the right of the keyboard when using horizontal screen orientation to select a key set To return to the Math1 key set fr...

Page 25: ...n where each type of data is stored It also explains how to use Variable Manager which is a tool for managing stored data as well as file operations file save recall delete rename etc that are common to a number of different applications Data Types and Storage Locations Memory Areas ClassPad uses a main memory memory area to store various types of data Examples Executing 10 x which assigns a value...

Page 26: ... Data types whose names are marked with an asterisk in the above table are protected Note that whether or not a data type is protected is determined by the system You cannot change the protection status of a data type Tip Even when a variable is a protected data type you can rename delete or move it To disable these operations you need to lock the variable See Variable Manager operations on page 2...

Page 27: ...riable Manager This displays the folder list The folder list always appears first whenever you start up Variable Manager Folder list Folder name Number of variables contained in the folder 2 Tap a folder name twice to open the folder contents a variable list Folder name Variable name To close the variable list and return to the folder list tap Close Variable list Number of variables contained in t...

Page 28: ...hat appears and then tap OK Tip If a variable with the same name already exists in the destination folder the variable in the destination folder is replaced with the one that you are copying or moving A variable that is locked cannot be moved View the contents of a variable On the variable list tap the name of the variable whose contents you want to view so it is highlighted and then tap it again ...

Page 29: ...e sure you no longer need any of the variables contained inside it It is probably a good idea to first delete the variables you don t need move the variables you do need to another folder and then delete the empty folder 1 Open the folder you want to delete and check its contents Make sure you no longer need any of the variables in the folder If any of the variables are locked unlock them After ch...

Page 30: ...tap Search File names that match the one you enter become highlighted on the display Tapping Open opens the highlighted file To search for the next occurrence of the file name tap Search again and then tap Next on the Search dialog box u To delete a folder or file Important Deleting a folder also deletes all files inside of it Please double check to make sure you no longer need the contents of a f...

Page 31: ...nd then Create Folder or tap This displays the Create Folder dialog box 3 Enter up to 8 bytes for the folder name and then tap OK to create a folder 1 6 Creating and Using Variables This section explains how to create a new variable user variable and provides a simple sample calculation that illustrates how to use a variable Creating a New Variable The most common way to create a new variable is a...

Page 32: ...n values of 5 and 10 to x and check the results of eq1 2x 1 u ClassPad Operation 1 Assign 5 to x 51WxE 2 Check the contents of variable eq1 0eqbw This displays the calculation result of 2x 1 when x 5 3 Assign 10 to x 101WxE 4 Check the contents of variable eq1 0eqbw library Folder Variables Variables in the library folder can be accessed without specifying a path name regardless of the current fol...

Page 33: ... 2 Current folder variables 3 library folder variables Multiple variables with the same name can exist simultaneously as a local variable as a variable in the current folder and as a variable in the library folder In this case the ClassPad searches folders according to the sequence shown above and accesses the first instance of the variable that it finds If you want to access such a variable when ...

Page 34: ...ormat Geometry Format Advanced Format or Financial Format 3 Use the dialog box to configure the settings you want For details about the settings you can configure on each of the dialog boxes see Application Format Settings below 4 To close a dialog box and apply its settings tap Set To close a dialog box without applying its settings tap Cancel or the C button in the upper right corner of the dial...

Page 35: ...lex numbers Tip For information about the Q1 Q3 on Data check box see Calculation Methods for Q1 and Q3 page 136 Using Status Bar to Change Application Format Settings With the applications listed in the table below you can use the status bar to check and modify a number of Basic Format dialog box settings For this application You can check and change these settings Main eActivity Algebra mode Ass...

Page 36: ...e Statistics application NPPlot Histogram MedBox NDist Broken Turn display of graph controller arrows on or off Select the G Controller check box to show graph controller arrows page 103 or clear the check box to hide graph controller arrows Specify plotted points or solid lines for graph drawing Select the Draw Plot check box to specify plotted points or clear the check box to specify solid lines...

Page 37: ...ecify a source for summary table data Tap 3 and then tap one of the settings described below View Window Uses View Window settings as the source for summary table generation list1 through list6 Uses list data in list1 through list6 as the source for summary table generation list name Uses the list data in a selected list as the source for summary table generation For details about how to generate ...

Page 38: ... Radian Degree or Grad To specify the initial status of Graph window axes when the Geometry application is started up Tap 5 and then tap one of the settings described below On Show the axes Off Hide the axes Number Show the axes along with the maximum and minimum value of each To specify the initial status of the grid when the Geometry application is started up Tap 6 and then tap one of the settin...

Page 39: ...Tap 3 and then tap one of the settings described below MM DD YYYY month day year DD MM YYYY day month year YYYY MM DD year month day To specify the status of input fields when starting a new calculation To do this Do this When changing to another calculation type automatically copy the contents of all fields in the current calculation whose names match the names of fields in the new calculation Se...

Page 40: ...eak even point calculations Tap 4 and then tap Amount PRF or Ratio r To specify whether to calculate sales quantity QBE or sales amount SBE first when performing break even point calculations Tap 5 and then tap Quantity or Sales When Quantity is selected sales quantity can be calculated before calculating the sales amount When Sales is selected sales amount can be calculated before calculating the...

Page 41: ...ation while a calculation is in progress will cause any data stored in RAM by the calculation to be lost Perform the RAM reset operation only when your ClassPad freezes up or when it begins to operate abnormally for some reason 1 Use the stylus to press the RESTART button on the back of the ClassPad Following the RAM reset operation the ClassPad restarts automatically RESTART Button 2 After the Cl...

Page 42: ... Clear All Variables Insert a command into the work area page 59 Action Execute an Interactive command for the expression selected in the work area page 89 Interactive Toggle calculation result display between the Standard mode and Decimal mode u Recalculate the equation just for the current line where the cursor is currently located 7 Output an input expression as is 0 Switch between binary octal...

Page 43: ... See Using the e Key above In front of a matrix or list a 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 4 etc Using the Answer Variable ans Any time you execute a calculation in the Main application work area the last result is assigned automatically to a variable named ans answer You can even recall current ans variable contents and input them into another calculation by tapping the D key on the soft keyboard 0203 Calculation e...

Page 44: ...e Calculation Modes All of the following calculation examples are shown using the Algebra mode only Standard Mode and Decimal Mode The Standard mode displays calculation results in mathematical expression format whenever possible while the Decimal mode converts calculation results to a decimal form Expression Decimal Mode Result Standard Mode Result 50 4 12 5 12 5 25 2 2 2 3 414213562 3 414213562 ...

Page 45: ...ange of real numbers causes an error Non Real in Calc 0207 Complex mode and Real mode calculation results Tip You can select i or j for the imaginary unit See To specify the complex number imaginary unit on page 247 If the expression includes r calculation results should be r form Radian Mode Degree Mode and Grad Mode You can specify radians degrees or grads as the angle unit for display of trigon...

Page 46: ...ed two line unit has an effect on subsequent calculations the affected calculations are not updated automatically following the deletion When you want to update everything in the calculation history following the deleted unit move the cursor to a line that is above the one you deleted and then press E u To clear all calculation history contents Tap Edit and then Clear All In response to the confir...

Page 47: ... 3 w 2 sin45 cos65 0 5976724775 Change the Angle setting to Degree 2 s 45 c 65 w Can be omitted sin 1 0 5 30 Determine x for sinx 0 5 S 0 5 w 5 can also be used Logarithmic Functions and Exponential Functions Problem Operation log1 23 log101 23 0 08990511144 1 23 w or V 10 e 1 23 w ln90 loge90 4 49980967 I 90 w or V e 90 w log39 2 V 3 e 9 w or LV 3 9 w e4 5 90 0171313 Q 4 5 w 3 4 3 3 3 3 81 3 4 w ...

Page 48: ...ve value 1 for a positive value Undefined for 0 and for an imaginary number signum 3 4567 w What is the integer part of 3 4567 3 3 4567 w What is the decimal part of 3 4567 0 4567 frac 3 4567 w What is the greatest integer less than or equal to 3 4567 4 intg 3 4567 w What is 3 4567 rounded to two decimal places 3 46 fRound 3 4567 2 w What is 34567 rounded to four significant digits 34570 sRound 34...

Page 49: ...hat contain decimal random values randList 3 w Generate a list of five elements that contain random values in the range of 1 through 6 randList 5 1 6 w u randNorm Function The randNorm function generates a 10 digit normal random number based on a specified mean and standard deviation values Syntax randNorm n Function Omitting a value for n or specifying 1 for n returns the generated random number ...

Page 50: ...andom pattern Problem Operation Generate sequential random numbers using 3 as the seed value RandSeed 3 w Generate the first value Generate the second value Generate the third value rand w rand w rand w Tip Random values generated by these commands are pseudo random values The arguments a and b of rand a b and randList n a b must be integers subject to the following conditions a b a b 1E10 b a 1E1...

Page 51: ...expression Exp can be include as an argument in place of a list Problem Operation Determine the least common multiples of 4 3 12 6 and 36 9 iLcm 4 3 12 6 36 9 w u iMod Function Syntax iMod Exp 1 List 1 Exp 2 List 2 Function This function divides one or more integers by one or more other integers and returns the remainder s Description Exp 1 and Exp 2 and all of the elements of List 1 and List 2 mu...

Page 52: ...on 1 is true condition 1 expression return value when condition 2 is true condition 2 expression Problem Operation For the expression 0 t x x variable return 1 when x is 0 or less and 2 when x is greater than 0 or undefined piecewise 0 X 1 2 w or 1 1 c 2 ef 0 X w For the expression 1 t x x variable return 1 when x is 1 or less and 2 when x is greater than 1 1 1 c 2 ef 1 X c 1 Xw Angle Symbol Use t...

Page 53: ...xpression that contains multiple equation or inequality operators cannot be input as a single expression For output expressions an expression can be output with multiple operators only in the case of inequality operators that are facing in the same direction example 1 x 1 Example solve x2 1 0 x w 1 x 1 with Operator The with I operator temporarily assigns a value to a variable You can use the with...

Page 54: ...ng to Degree solve sin x 0 x w x 180 constn 1 Dirac Delta Function delta is the Dirac Delta function The delta function evaluates numerically as shown below b b Non numeric expressions passed to the delta function are left unevaluated The integral of a linear delta function is a Heaviside function Syntax delta x x variable or number 0210 Calculation example screenshot nth Delta Function The nth de...

Page 55: ...y element of a LIST variable You can also assign a value to any element in a list 0215 To recall the second element of the lista list variable of example 0214 0216 To assign 5 to the second element of lista Using a List in a Calculation You can perform arithmetic operations between two lists between a list and a numeric value or between a list and an expression equation or inequality Important Whe...

Page 56: ...ecall the value of any element of a matrix variable You can also assign a value to any element in a matrix 0220 To recall the value in row 2 column 1 of the matrix variable mat1 of example 0219 0221 To assign 5 to the element at row 1 column 2 of mat1 Inputting Matrix Values Using an Actual On Screen Matrix Create a new 1 row 2 column matrix 6 Create a new 2 row 1 column matrix 7 Create a new 2 ro...

Page 57: ...ific functions or Action or Interactive menu commands Except for Ans Answer Memory variable you cannot use variables You can input integers only An error Invalid Syntax will occur if you try to input a non integer value like 1 5 or 2 If a calculation produces a non integer result with a decimal part the ClassPad will cut off the decimal part automatically For example the calculation 5 2 while deci...

Page 58: ...ed by one of the suffixes listed below to indicate its number system Number System Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal Suffix b o d h u To specify a number base for an input value You can input the following suffixes to specify the number base of a value as you input it b binary o octal d decimal and h hexadecimal You can specify a number base for an input value only when a default number base beside...

Page 59: ...u want and then enter expressions or variables in accordance with the syntax of the function Tip Unless specifically indicated otherwise all of the explanations in this section are performed using the following modes Algebra mode Standard mode Complex mode Radian mode Descending Order You can use the Interactive menu to select most of the commands that are included on the Action menu For details a...

Page 60: ... factor u approx Action Transformation approx Function Transforms an expression into a numerical approximation Syntax approx Exp Eq Ineq List Mat Example To obtain the numerical value of 2 u simplify Action Transformation simplify Function Simplifies an expression Syntax simplify Exp Eq Ineq List Mat Example To simplify 15 3 26 1 3 u expand Action Transformation expand Function Expands an expressi...

Page 61: ... default when you omit Exp Example To rearrange x2 ax bx with respect to x u tExpand Action Transformation tExpand Function Employs the sum and difference formulas to expand a trigonometric function Syntax tExpand Exp Eq Ineq List Mat Example To expand sin a b u tCollect Action Transformation tCollect Function Employs the product to sum formulas to transform the product of a trigonometric function...

Page 62: ...You can input 3 5 6 using the key on the soft keyboard e 3 e 5 e 6 E u toDMS Action Transformation DMS toDMS Function Transforms a degrees only value into its equivalent DMS format value Syntax toDMS Exp List Example To transform 3 085 degrees into its equivalent DMS format value Using the Advanced Submenu u solve Action Advanced solve For information about solve see page 79 u dSolve Action Advanc...

Page 63: ...the transform Example To solve a differential equation x 2x e t where x 0 3 using the Laplace transform Lp means F s L f t in the result of transform for a differential equation u fourier Action Advanced fourier invFourier Action Advanced invFourier Function fourier is the command for the Fourier Transform and invFourier is the command for the inverse Fourier Transform Syntax fourier f x x w n inv...

Page 64: ...al Processing 1 Pure Math 2 Data Analysis The Fourier Transform is defined as the following 2π 2π Some authors especially physicists prefer to write the transform in terms of angular frequency ω 2π instead of the oscillation frequency However this destroys the symmetry resulting in the transform pair shown below ω ω ω ω ω 1 ω 1 2π To restore the symmetry of the transforms the convention shown belo...

Page 65: ...tion Function Integrates an expression with respect to a specific variable Syntax Exp List variable Exp List variable lower limit upper limit tol x is the default when you omit variable tol represents the allowable error range This command returns an approximate value when a range is specified for tol This command returns the true value of a definite interval when nothing is specified for tol If t...

Page 66: ...tion for the tangent line y expression to the curve at the specified point Syntax tanLine Exp List variable variable value at point of tangency Example To determine the function of the line tangent to y x3 at x 2 u normal Action Calculation line normal Function Returns the right side of the equation for the line normal y expression to the curve at the specified point Syntax normal Exp List variabl...

Page 67: ...the maximum point of x2 1 with respect to x u gcd Action Calculation gcd lcm gcd Function Returns the greatest common denominator of two expressions Syntax gcd Exp List 1 Exp List 2 Example To obtain the greatest common denominator of x 1 and x2 3x 4 u lcm Action Calculation gcd lcm lcm Function Returns the least common multiple of two expressions Syntax lcm Exp List 1 Exp List 2 Example To obtain...

Page 68: ...ctangular form a bi Syntax cExpand Exp Eq List Mat The variables are regarded as real numbers Example To expand cos 1 2 in the Radian mode u compToPol Action Complex compToPol Function Transforms a complex number into its polar form Syntax compToPol Exp Eq List Mat When the argument is Mat Matrices calculation can be performed using the Radian angle unit only Example To transform 1 i into its pola...

Page 69: ...ements all contain the same value or expression or a new list in which the frequency of each element in the first list is determined by the corresponding element in the second list Syntax fill Exp Eq Ineq number of elements fill Exp Eq Ineq List fill List List Example To create a list consisting of four identical elements 2 u subList Action List Create subList Function Extracts a specific section ...

Page 70: ...der u listToMat Action List Create listToMat Function Transforms lists into a matrix Syntax listToMat List 1 List 2 List N Example To transform the lists 3 5 and 2 4 into a matrix u matToList Action List Create matToList For information about matToList see page 74 Using the List Statistics and List Calculation Submenus The List Statistics and List Calculation submenus contain commands related to l...

Page 71: ...t Syntax Q3 List 1 List 2 List 1 Data List 2 Freq Example To determine the third quartile of the elements in the list 1 2 3 4 5 u percentile Action List Statistics percentile Function Finds the nth percentile point in a list Syntax percentile list number u stdDev Action List Statistics stdDev Function Returns the sample standard deviation of the elements in a list Syntax stdDev List Example To det...

Page 72: ...Action List Calculation polyEval Function Returns a polynomial arranged in the descending order of powers so coefficients correspond sequentially to each element in the input list Syntax polyEval List Exp List x is the default when you omit Exp List Example To create a second degree polynomial with the coefficients 1 2 3 u sequence Action List Calculation sequence Function Returns the lowest degre...

Page 73: ...trix u fill Action Matrix Create fill Function Creates a matrix with a specific number of rows and columns or replaces the elements of a matrix with a specific expression Syntax fill Exp number of rows number of columns fill Exp Mat Example To create a 2 3 matrix all whose elements are 2 u subMat Action Matrix Create subMat Function Extracts a specific section of a matrix into a new matrix Syntax ...

Page 74: ...ion det Function Returns the determinant of a square matrix Syntax det Mat Example To obtain the determinant of the matrix 1 2 4 5 u norm Action Matrix Calculation norm Function Returns the Frobenius norm of the matrix Syntax norm Mat Example To determine the norm of the matrix 1 2 4 5 u rank Action Matrix Calculation rank Function Finds the rank of matrix The rank function computes the rank of a ...

Page 75: ...f a square matrix Syntax LU Mat lVariableMem uVariableMem Example To obtain the LU decomposition of the matrix 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The lower matrix is assigned to the first variable L while the upper matrix is assigned to the second variable U To display the lower matrix To display the upper matrix Lw Uw u QR Action Matrix Calculation QR Function Returns the QR decomposition of a square matrix Synta...

Page 76: ...ns the number in rows in a matrix Syntax rowDim Mat Example To obtain the number of rows in the matrix 1 2 3 4 5 6 u rowNorm Action Matrix Row Column rowNorm Function Calculates the sums of the absolute values of the elements of each row of a matrix and returns the maximum value of the sums Syntax rowNorm Mat Example To calculate the sums of the absolute values of the elements in each row of the m...

Page 77: ...ts of a vector with a specific expression Syntax fill Exp Mat fill Exp 1 number of columns Example To replace the elements of the vector 1 2 with x Example To create a 1 3 1 row 3 columns vector all of whose elements are 3 u dim Action Vector dim Function Returns the dimension of a vector Syntax dim Mat Example To determine the dimension of the vector 1 2 3 The vector 1 2 3 is handled as a 1 3 mat...

Page 78: ...This command can be used with a 1 N or N 1 matrix only N 2 3 This command returns x when natural number is 1 y when natural number is 2 and z when natural number is 3 This command returns a rectangular form when you omit natural number Example To transform the polar form 2 π 4 into an equivalent rectangular form in the Radian mode u toPol Action Vector toPol Function Returns an equivalent polar fo...

Page 79: ...it upper limit value is an initially estimated value This command is valid only for equations and expressions when value and the items following it are included In that case this command returns an approximate value A true value is returned when you omit value and the items following it When however a true value cannot be obtained an approximate value is returned for equations only based on the as...

Page 80: ...on will include arbitrary constants Input all initial conditions equations using the syntax Var Exp Any initial condition that uses any other syntax will be ignored Example To solve a differential equation y x where y 1 when x 0 Example To solve the system of first order differential equations y y z z y z where x is the independent variable y and z are the dependent variables and the initial condi...

Page 81: ...de elements of an equation or inequality Syntax getLeft Eq Ineq List Example To extract the left side elements of y 2x2 3x 5 u and Action Equation Inequality Logic and Function Returns the result of the logical AND of two expressions Syntax Exp Eq Ineq List 1 and Exp Eq Ineq List 2 Example To obtain the result of the logical AND of x2 1 and x 0 u or Action Equation Inequality Logic or Function Ret...

Page 82: ...ession 2x y u Clear_a_z Function Clears all single character variable names a z and A Z in the current folder Using the Distribution Inv Dist Submenu The Distribution Inv Dist submenu includes functions related to each type of statistical calculation distribution probability The functions on this submenu perform the same calculations as the Distribution commands that are available in the Statistic...

Page 83: ... results also to be assigned to certain system variables For example the normal probability density variable returned by normPDf is assigned to system variable prob Only the last element of the list data will be assigned to a system variable as a calculation result In the distribution function explanations below the names of the functions to which calculation results are assigned are shown under C...

Page 84: ...value Syntax tPDf x df Calculation Result Output prob Example To determine the Student s t probability density when x 2 df 5 u tCDf Action Distribution Inv Dist Continuous tCDf Function Returns the cumulative probability of a Student s t distribution between a lower bound and an upper bound Syntax tCDf lower value upper value df Calculation Result Output prob tLow tUp Example To determine the Stud...

Page 85: ...ermine the F probability density when x 1 5 n df 24 d df 19 u fCDf Action Distribution Inv Dist Continuous fCDf Function Returns the cumulative probability of an F distribution between a lower bound and an upper bound Syntax fCDf lower value upper value n df d df Calculation Result Output prob Example To determine the F distribution probability when lower value 1 5 upper value n df 24 d df 19 u in...

Page 86: ...However when the xInv and xInv values are different the warning message shown nearby appears showing both values The calculation results of the function are integers Accuracy may be reduced when the first argument has 10 or more digits Note that even a slight difference in calculation accuracy affects calculation results If a warning message appears check the displayed values Example To determine ...

Page 87: ... Inverse invGeoCDf Function Returns the minimum number of trials of a geometric cumulative probability distribution for specified values Syntax invGeoCDf prob pos Calculation Result Output xInv xInv Important See Important under invBinomialCDf on page 86 Example To determine the minimum number of trials when prob 0 875 pos 0 5 u hypergeoPDf Action Distribution Inv Dist Discrete hypergeoPDf Functio...

Page 88: ...efine Function 1 Defines function and registers it with Graph Editor Syntax 1 Define y1 x y100 x x1 y x100 y yt1 t yt100 t xt1 t xt100 t r1 r100 expression Example To define the function y sin x and assign it to line y3 of the Graph Editor Function 2 Creates a user defined function For more information see 12 3 User defined Functions u DispStat Function Displays previous statistical calculation re...

Page 89: ...mand on an expression you are calculating When you want to use a command that requires multiple arguments 0234 To factorize the expression x3 3x2 3x 1 0235 To obtain the definite integral of x2 2x 1 s x s 2 Using the apply Command The apply command is included on the Interactive menu only You can use this command to execute only a specific part of an expression and display its result 0236 To calcu...

Page 90: ...hing happens if you tap O and then Close while the work area window is active u To copy an expression in the work area and paste it into the Graph Editor window 0237 To copy x2 1 in the work area and paste it into the Graph Editor window For more information about the Graph Editor window see Chapter 3 u To graph a function by dragging it from the work area to the Graph window 0238 To graph the exp...

Page 91: ...g this into the Geometry window Displays this Linear equation in x and y An infinite line Equation of circle in x and y A circle Equation of ellipse in x and y An ellipse Equation of hyperbola in x and y A hyperbola 2 dimensional vector 2 rows 1 column format A point Equation y f x A curve 2 n matrix n t 3 A polygon each column represents a vertex of the polygon n 2 matrix n t 3 An open polygon u ...

Page 92: ...r calculation range for Verify Y Specify the positive real number calculation range for Verify U Verify the equation starting from the first line Verify the equation starting from the current line 0243 To factor 50 completely 0244 Continuing from example 0243 to rewrite x2 1 in factored form 2 11 Using Probability You can use Probability to simulate the following The die faces that will appear whe...

Page 93: ...time a ball is drawn it should be replaced into the box before the next draw Tip Under initial default settings trial results are shown as a frequency distribution table in matrix form Selecting distribution table results and selecting Sample Data on the Display menu will change them to sample data in list form Conversely selecting sample data results and selecting Distribution on the Display menu...

Page 94: ...n the program is called from Main or eActivity Program Main application eActivity application 0247 To run the program named OCTA that we created and stored under Creating a Program page 190 from the Main application and determine the surface area and volume of a regular octahedron with a side length of 20 cm ...

Page 95: ...e bottom that can display expressions and values or they can be used for input and editing Graph Table Application Specific Menus and Buttons Graph Editor window Open batch saved data in the Graph Editor window File Open Graph Memory Save all of the expressions on the Graph Editor window File Save Graph Memory Select the entire expression you are editing Edit Select All Clear all of the expression...

Page 96: ... command a Fade I O Display the Dynamic Graph dialog box a Dynamic Graph Display the Draw Shade dialog box a Draw Shade Use a built in function template for graphing page 104 a Built In Re draw a graph a ReDraw Make the Graph Editor window active Generate a number table for an existing graph Display the Table Input dialog box for configuring settings 8 Generate a summary table for an existing grap...

Page 97: ...default Tap a Sheet and then Default Name Initialize a Sheet Tap a Sheet and then Clear Sheet This clears all of the active sheet functions and renames the sheet to its default name Initialize all the Sheets Tap Edit and then Clear All In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears tap OK This clears all of the expressions from the Graph Editor window and returns the sheet names to their ...

Page 98: ...lity inequality sign On the Type dialog box that appears select the sign you want and then tap OK Graphing a Stored Function You can select multiple functions and graph them simultaneously as long as all of the functions are on the same sheet You can turn graphing of each function on or off and even specify the line style and color to be used for each function u To graph a specified function 1 Tap...

Page 99: ...on bounded by two expressions 1 Tap Type ShadeType 2 Use the above syntax to input two x variable expressions specify the x value range and then press E Example x2 1 x2 1 1 x 1 3 Tap to graph 0301 To use the draw shade dialog box to shade the region bounded by x2 1 and x2 1 Overlaying Two Inequalities in an Intersection Plot Union Plot Use the following procedure to overlay two inequalities in an ...

Page 100: ...OK u To save Graph Editor data to graph memory 1 On the Graph Editor window tap File and then Save Graph Memory This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the graph memory file 2 Enter the name and then tap OK 3 2 Using the Graph Window This section explains Graph window operations including configuring display settings scrolling zooming the image and more Configuring View Window Paramete...

Page 101: ...ou want to draw Rectangular Coordinates Use this item To configure this View Window parameter xmin x axis minimum value xmax x axis maximum value Specify a value greater than xmin xscale x axis marker spacing xdot Value of each dot on the x axis ymin y axis minimum value ymax y axis maximum value Specify a value greater than ymin yscale y axis marker spacing ydot Value of each dot on the y axis Se...

Page 102: ...the range of 10 xmin ymin to 10 xmax ymax Picture View Window settings that maintain the current background image are applied Auto View Window settings are automatically optimized for the expression the last expression selected in the case of multiple expressions selected for graphing on the Graph Editor window These values are displayed as decimal format values View Window parameter precautions W...

Page 103: ...right Tapping the graph controller arrows at the edges of the Graph window Using the cursor key Display of the graph controller arrows is turned off under initial default settings Use the Graph Format dialog box to turn them on if you want For more information see Graph Format Dialog Box on page 36 Graph controller arrows Zooming the Graph Window Your ClassPad provides you with a wide selection of...

Page 104: ...values in the explanations below apply during the half size view of the Graph window which is the initial default setting of the Graph Table application Tapping r on the icon panel will switch to the full screen view and change the View Window settings Command View Window Parameter Values 1 xmin xmax xscale ymin ymax yscale Quick Trig 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 Quick log x 2 13 4 2 4 6 4 6 1 Quick e x 2 2 2 ...

Page 105: ...To save a screenshot of a graph 1 Draw the graph you want to save 2 Tap a and then Save Picture This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the screenshot 3 Enter the name and then tap OK u To clear the current screenshot of a graph On the Graph window tap a and then Clear Picture Adjusting the Lightness Fade I O of the Graph Window Background Image You can adjust the lightness of the grap...

Page 106: ... also included in the number table when the Graph Format Derivative Slope check box is selected You can specify the width of table cells using the Cell Width Pattern on the Graph Format dialog box page 36 u To generate a number table by specifying a range of values for x or t using the Table Input dialog box 1 On the Graph Editor window input the function s you want to use for number table creatio...

Page 107: ...reation 8 Tap to generate the number table and display it on the Table window u To draw a graph using a number table Perform either of the operations below Tap Graph G Plot or tap This will draw a graph that plots the coordinates in the number table Tap Graph G Connect or This graphs the expression used to create the number table and plots the coordinates in the table u To save a number table to a...

Page 108: ...method it is up to you specify all of the correct x values required to generate the summary table The summary table will not be generated correctly if you provide incorrect x values Tip You can control whether or not the summary table should include an f x line second derivative component using the Summary Table f x setting on the Special tab of the Graph Format dialog box page 36 Turning on the S...

Page 109: ...tat Editor window 5 In the list you selected in step 2 list1 in this example input the values you want to assign to x 6 Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active 7 On the Graph Editor window register the function you want to use to create the summary table Make sure that only the check box of the function to be used for summary table creation is selected Clear the check boxes of all other func...

Page 110: ...k box will hide the coordinate display while the trace pointer is on the display For more information see Graph Format Dialog Box on page 36 3 5 Using the Sketch Menu The Sketch menu lets you add points lines figures and text after you draw a graph You can also add tangent and normal lines to your graph Using Sketch Menu Commands This section describes how to use each of the commands on the Sketch...

Page 111: ...n y x2 x 2 2 Tap to draw the graph Next tap Analysis Sketch and then Tangent This displays the crosshair pointer along with its corresponding coordinate values 3 Press 1 4 The x value specification dialog box will have x 1 input so tap OK This draws the tangent to y x2 x 2 at x 1 Tip Instead of inputting coordinate values in steps 3 and 4 you can use the cursor key or the graph controller arrows t...

Page 112: ... s roots Analysis G Solve Integral Root Integration value between the two or more intersections of two graphs Analysis G Solve Integral Intersection Point of inflection Analysis G Solve Inflection Distance between two points Analysis G Solve Distance Volume of a solid of revolution Analysis G Solve π f x 2 dx Tip See Graph Types and Executable Functions page 266 for information about graph types a...

Page 113: ...on the x axis 3 7 Modifying a Graph A graph can be modified in real time as you change its coefficients and or variable values The Graph Table application provides you with two methods for modifying a graph Direct Modify changes the coefficient in the equation of the original graph This method can be used when you are modifying a single graph Dynamic Modify changes the values assigned to common va...

Page 114: ...two windows 1 the Conics Editor window and 2 the Conics Graph window A function input on the Conics Editor window is graphed on the Conics Graph window 1 2 Conics Application Specific Menus and Buttons Conics Editor window Draw a graph Insert a Conics Form Form Insert Conics Form or q Adjust the equation so it fits a Conics Form Fit Fit into Conics Form or w Conics Graph window Make the Conics Edi...

Page 115: ...nput u To transform a manually input equation to a Conics Form 0402 To transform the equation 1 2 22 2 4 2 2 to the standard Conics Form x Ay2 By C Tip If the equation you input cannot be transformed into the standard Conics Form you selected the message Can t Transform into This Type appears An input equation may not transform correctly if it includes a square root calculation or some other funct...

Page 116: ... ellipse etc 4 3 Using G Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph What You Can Do Using the G Solve Menu Commands While there is a graph on the Conics Graph window you can use a command on the Analysis G Solve menu to obtain the following information x coordinate for a given y coordinate G Solve x Cal y Cal x Cal y coordinate for a given x coordinate G Solve x Cal y Cal y Cal Focus of a parabola ellipse or...

Page 117: ...and then tap to graph it Here input the parabolic equation x 2 y 1 2 2 2 Tap Analysis and then G Solve Next on the submenu that appears select the command you want To determine the focus for this example select Focus Press the left and right cursor keys to toggle the display between the two foci The following are examples for other G Solve commands 0403 To determine the axis of symmetry of the par...

Page 118: ...b IC tab Graphs tab Graph the selected function s O Display the View Window dialog box to configure Differential Equation Graph window settings 6 Display the Main application window Delete the line of data at the current cursor location q DiffEq tab only Input a single first order differential equation Type 1st Slope Field or A Input a single second order differential equation or a set of two firs...

Page 119: ...an use the Differential Equation Graph application to graph a first order a second order or an nth order differential equation Graphing a First Order Differential Equation This section explains how to input a first order differential equation draw a slope field and graph the solution curve s A slope field is the family of solutions of a single first order differential equation of the form y f x y ...

Page 120: ... a second order differential equation and draw a phase plane 0503 To input x x y y and draw its phase plane u To input initial conditions and graph the solution curves 0504 After performing the operation under example 0503 to graph the solution curve of the initial condition xi yi 1 1 Independent variable minimum value tmin 7 7 maximum value tmax 7 7 and initial value t0 0 Graphing an Nth order Di...

Page 121: ... appear on the Differential Equation Graph window These dots are the currently configured initial conditions 2 Tap Analysis Select or G 3 Tap one of the initial condition dots to select it and then use the stylus to drag the dot to another location Here we will drag the bottom dot which is the Initial Condition 1 setting xi y1i y2i 0 1 0 The applicable initial condition will change to the coordina...

Page 122: ...n graph View Window settings 1 Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box 2 Input the required parameters on the Window and Solutions tabs See Differential equation graph View Window parameters below 3 After the settings are the way you want tap OK Differential equation graph View Window parameters Window tab Setting Description xmin xmax Minimum maximum value along the horizontal x axis ymin yma...

Page 123: ...x axis 1st order same as independent variable 2nd order x fixed Nth order independent variable or y1 through y10 y Axis Variable assignment for the vertical y axis 1st order 2nd order y fixed Nth order independent variable or y1 through y10 5 2 Drawing f x Type Function Graphs and Parametric Function Graphs f x type function graphs and parametric function graphs can be overlaid on differential equ...

Page 124: ... in the matrix will simply plot points at the coordinates indicated by each x y pair Regardless of whether or not the Slope field is already graphed values in the dropped in matrix will be registered to the IC tab of the Differential Equation Editor Solution curve s of an nth order differential equation 1 nth order differential equation such as y y y sin x followed by 2 Matrix of initial condition...

Page 125: ...ox or hide Off the expression used to draw a figure with Sketch or show the expression only when E is pressed StepDisp a Set Sequence On Off StepDisp Clear the contents of the currently active tab sheet a Clear Sheet Delete the recursion expression in the current active line w Sequence Table window Draw a connect type graph Graph Connect or Draw a plot type graph Graph G Plot or Save the contents ...

Page 126: ...isplay the Sequence Editor window Table Graph RUN 6 1 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence ClassPad supports use of three types of sequence expressions an 1 an 2 and anE Generating a Number Table In addition to an ordered pair table you can create a sequence table with column s This helps you determine if the sequence is an arithmetic sequence geometric sequence progression of difference or F...

Page 127: ...n you want to determine the sum of a specific range of the sequence of a recursion expression or a general term expression 0603 To calculate the sum of the general term expression anE n2 2n 1 in the range of 2 s n s 10 6 2 Graphing a Recursion ClassPad lets you graph the values in a number table you create and draw a cobweb diagram from the recursion expression 0604 To input the expression an 1 2a...

Page 128: ...l for creating and maintaining lists list variables and it plays a very important role in ClassPad statistical calculations ClassPad uses lists as data sources for statistical calculations and for statistical graphing You can specify data by its list name The list name is located in the cell at the top of each list The initial default Stat Editor window shows six lists columns named list1 through ...

Page 129: ...sing the procedure under To input data into a list If you enter a list name that is already used for another list pressing E displays the contents of that list u To open an existing list 1 On the Stat Editor window select the list name cell of the column where you want the list you will open to appear Instead of the above operation you could also select any cell in the column where you want the li...

Page 130: ...r statistical graphing Prepare the list data using one of the patterns shown below Single Variable Paired Variable Without frequency With frequency Without frequency With frequency Single list Two lists Two lists Three lists Data Data Frequency Paired data Paired data Frequency Tip Single variable data is data that consists of a single value If you are trying to obtain the average height of the me...

Page 131: ... setting is supported only when Scatter xyLine or NPPlot is specified for Type Select square q cross w large dot or dot as the shape for graph lot points 4 Tap Set to apply the settings for the tab you selected in step 2 u To draw a statistical graph 1 On the Stat Editor window tap SetGraph and then confirm that there is at least one item from StatGraph1 to StatGraph9 whose check box is selected I...

Page 132: ...Line Graph Broken A histogram shows the frequency frequency distribution of each data class as a rectangular bar Classes are on the horizontal axis while frequency is on the vertical axis In the broken line graph lines connect the pointers that fall at the center of each histogram bar The Set Interval dialog box appears before the graph is drawn You can use this dialog box to change the start valu...

Page 133: ... LogR Logarithmic Reg a bⴢln x Logarithmic regression expresses y as a logarithmic function of x The normal logarithmic regression formula is y a bⴢln x If we say that X ln x then this formula corresponds to the linear regression formula y a bⴢX aⴢeb x Exponential regression ExpR Exponential Reg y aⴢebⴢx Exponential regression can be used when y is proportional to the exponential function of x The...

Page 134: ...e operation under 0701 in the separate Examples booklet 2 On the Calc Regression menu select one of the regression calculation commands from Linear Reg to Logistic Reg Here we will select Logarithmic Reg This displays the Set Calculation dialog box 3 Here we want to overlay on a scatter plot so we specify XList YList and Freq the same as in step 1 of the procedure for drawing a scatter plot 4 Tap ...

Page 135: ...isplay the Graph Editor window 3 Input the function 4 Select the check boxes of all the functions you want to graph and clear the check boxes of all the functions you do not want to graph 5 Tap y on the Graph Editor window This draws the function graph on the statistical graph To close the Graph Editor window Tap to make it active and then tap C Tip While the Stat Editor window SetGraph Graph Func...

Page 136: ...quartile maxX maximum Mode mode ModeN number of data mode items ModeF data mode frequency If Mode ModeStat is displayed it means that solutions are stored in the ModeStat system variable To view the ModeStat contents tap any list name cell on the Stat Editor window input ModeStat and then press E Calculation Methods for Q1 and Q3 Q1 and Q3 can be calculated in accordance with the Q1 Q3 on Data set...

Page 137: ... of Elements 10 Data Value Frequency Cumulative Frequency Cumulative Frequency Ratio 1 1 1 1 10 0 1 2 1 2 2 10 0 2 3 2 4 4 10 0 4 4 3 7 7 10 0 7 5 1 8 8 10 0 8 6 1 9 9 10 0 9 7 1 10 10 10 1 0 3 is the value whose cumulative frequency ratio is greater than 1 4 and nearest to 1 4 so Q1 3 5 is the value whose cumulative frequency ratio is greater than 3 4 and nearest to 3 4 so Q3 5 Reference Point 0 ...

Page 138: ...wn at the top of the dialog box corresponding to the regression calculation r correlation coefficient linear regression logarithmic regression exponential regression and power regression only r2 coefficient of determination except for Med Med sinusoidal regression and logistic regression MSe mean square error except for Med Med MSe Formulas Depending on the regression calculation type mean square ...

Page 139: ... Performed DispStat To view the results of the last statistical calculation performed using a Calc menu command tap Calc DispStat Including test confidence interval and distribution calculations 7 4 Performing Advanced Statistical Calculations You can perform test confidence interval and distribution calculations using the wizard that you launch by tapping Calc on the menu bar Performing Test Conf...

Page 140: ...hen the Help check box is selected 4 Tap Next This displays a screen for specifying conditions and inputting values Initially the top item on the screen will be selected with help text about the top item shown at the bottom of the screen Tapping another item will select it and display help text about it 5 Input values and configure settings for each of the items on the screen 6 Tap Next This displ...

Page 141: ... list2 frequency and perform a 1 Sample Z Test 2 Sample Z Test Test Two Sample Z Test Tests the difference between two means when the standard deviations of the two populations are known The normal distribution is used for the 2 Sample Z test 1 Proportion Z Test Test One Prop Z Test z x n p0 p0 1 p0 n Tests a single sample proportion against the known proportion of the null hypothesis The normal d...

Page 142: ...e system variables named χ2 value prob df and Contrib respectively 0705 To specify observed list list1 1 2 3 expected list list2 4 5 6 and df 1 and then perform a χ2 test 2 Sample F Test Test Two Sample F Test s 1 2 s 2 2 Tests the ratio between sample variances of two independent random samples The F distribution is used for the 2 Sample F test One Way ANOVA analysis of variance Test One Way ANOV...

Page 143: ...orm the calculation The dimensions that can be specified for Factor A Factor B are shown in the screen to the right Two Way ANOVA can also be performed using a program command see the example 1210 under Including Statistical Graphing and Calculation Functions in a Program on page 218 To perform Two Way ANOVA using a program command create a DependentList that includes all Factor A Factor B level d...

Page 144: ... confidence interval for the difference between population proportions based on the difference between two sample proportions 1 Sample t Interval Interval One Sample t Int Lower Upper o tn 1 α 2 n sx Calculates the confidence interval for the population mean based on a sample mean and a sample standard deviation when the population standard deviation is not known 2 Sample t Interval Interval Two S...

Page 145: ... and graph the result Data 37 5 Population standard deviation 2 Population mean 35 Normal Cumulative Distribution Distribution Normal CD Calculates the cumulative probability of a normal distribution between a lower bound a and an upper bound b 0710 To calculate normal cumulative distribution for the data below and graph the result Lower bound Upper bound 36 Population standard deviation 2 Populat...

Page 146: ... Distribution Inverse F CD Calculates the lower bound value of an F cumulative probability distribution for specified values Binomial Distribution Probability Distribution Binomial PD Calculates the probability in a binomial distribution that success will occur on a specified trial p probability of success 0 s p s 1 n number of trials Binomial Cumulative Distribution Distribution Binomial CD Calcu...

Page 147: ...p probability of success 0 s p s 1 Geometric Cumulative Distribution Distribution Geometric CD Calculates the cumulative probability in a geometric distribution that the success will occur on or before a specified trial Inverse Geometric Cumulative Distribution Inv Distribution Inverse Geo CD Calculates the minimum number of trials of a geometric cumulative probability distribution for specified v...

Page 148: ...sx2 sample standard deviation of sample 1 sample 2 0 sx1 0 sx2 Upper Distribution upper bound x 1 Proportion Z Test sample value 1 x 1 Proportion Z Interval data value 1 x Binomial PD specified trial integer 0 s x s n x Poisson PD Geometric PD Hypergeometric PD specified trial 1 x Other than the above data value x _ sample mean x _ 1 x _ 2 sample mean of sample 1 data sample 2 data x1 x2 1 Proport...

Page 149: ... correlation coefficient r2 coefficient of determination sx sample standard deviation sx1 sx2 sample standard deviation of sample 1 sample 2 Displayed only for list format sp pooled sample standard deviation se standard error of estimation SEb standard error of the least squares slope t t value t Low lower bound value you input t Up upper bound value you input Upper confidence interval upper limit...

Page 150: ...rties Hide Show hidden names Edit Properties Show Name Hide the selected name Edit Properties Hide Name Move the selected object to the front or to the back Edit Properties To the front To the back Move all text to the front Edit Properties All Text Pin an annotation position on the Geometry window Edit Properties Pin Unpin an annotation on the Geometry window Edit Properties Unpin Specify the num...

Page 151: ...cation window Tap O and then View Window to display the View Window dialog box The View Window dialog box allows you to configure the x axis range of values The ymid value is used to center the Geometry window vertically For example if we set ymid 2 the y axis will appear 2 units below the center of the Geometry window The following are the allowable ranges for the indicated View Window parameters...

Page 152: ... through which you want the infinite line to pass u To draw a ray 1 Tap Draw Basic Object Ray or tap b 2 Tap two points on the screen or tap one point and then drag to the second point u To draw a vector 1 Tap Draw Basic Object Vector or tap H 2 Tap the point where you want the vector to start and then its end point u To draw a circle 1 Tap Draw Basic Object Circle or tap U 2 Tap the point where y...

Page 153: ...aw Basic Object Hyperbola or tap x 2 Tap the two points that you want to specify as the foci of the hyperbola point 1 and point 2 This causes a line to appear between point 1 and point 2 3 Tap the point you want to specify as a point anywhere on the hyperbola point 3 This draws a hyperbola whose line passes through point 3 using point 1 and point 2 as foci u To draw a parabola 1 Tap Draw Basic Obj...

Page 154: ... Function dialog box input an expression in the syntax of r f the lower limit of min and its upper limit max 3 Tap OK to draw the polar equation graph In this example the Function Angle setting of the Geometry Format dialog box page 38 is set to Radian u To draw a parametric equation graph 1 Tap Draw Function Parametric Or you could tap on the tool bar Next on the Function dialog box that appears ...

Page 155: ...llustration shown here After attaching an angle measurement using the Attached Angle command you can drag it to the position of any one of the other three angles as shown in the example below Example To drag the angle measurement attached to interior angle A of triangle ABC to its exterior supplementary angle Displaying the Measurements of a Figure You can display measurements on the Geometry appl...

Page 156: ...ee 8 3 Using the Measurement Box 0801 To display the interior angle formed by two sides of a triangle Displaying the Result of a Calculation that Uses On screen Measurement Values You can use the Expression command and the commands on the Measurement submenu to perform calculations using the angle value line length surface area and other measurement values attached to a figure and display the resu...

Page 157: ...truct Submenu The Construct submenu provides you with the means to study various geometric theorems Each of the Construct submenu figures is also available on the toolbar Perpendicular Bisector Midpoint Angle Bisector Tangent to Curve Translation Dilation Perpendicular Intersection Parallel Reflection Rotation General Transform Construct submenu The following procedures include steps that require ...

Page 158: ...truct the point of intersection of two lines 1 Draw two lines that intersect and then select both lines 2 Tap Draw Construct and then Intersection This adds the point of intersection The point s of intersection of two circles or of a line and a circle can be constructed in the same manner u To construct an angle bisector 1 Draw two line segments so they form an angle and then select both line segm...

Page 159: ...ng a vector 1 Draw a line segment AB and then select it 2 Tap Draw Construct and then Translation to display the Translation dialog box 3 Enter the vector for the translation Vector values indicate the amount of movement in the x axis direction and in the y axis direction In the nearby screen for example the figure selected in step 1 moves parallel to the x axis by three 4 Tap OK This translates l...

Page 160: ... Dilation dialog box 4 Specify the dilation scale factor and then tap OK u To transform a triangle using a matrix or vector general transform 1 Tap q to turn on coordinate display in the Geometry window 2 Draw triangle ABC and then select its three sides 3 Tap Draw Construct and then General Transform This displays the Transform dialog box 4 Enter the matrix for the transform In this example let s...

Page 161: ...election modes Select and Toggle Select each of which is described below u Using Select Tap G on the toolbar This causes the button to become highlighted indicating that Select is enabled Select allows you to select as many figures as you would like and then move copy paste or perform other operations on the selection as a single entity Tap G on the toolbar To select side BC of the triangle tap it...

Page 162: ...s shown here even when the window is panned Specifying the Number Format of a Measurement You can specify the number format for each measurement value or all the measurement values on the Geometry window The initial default number format setting for measurement values is Fix 2 u To specify the number format for selected measurement value s 1 Select highlight the measurement s you want to specify t...

Page 163: ... line color Tap Line Color and then tap the desired color Specify the figure fill color Tap Area Color and then tap the desired color To specify no fill color tap Clear 4 To apply the settings you configure return to the dialog box in step 2 of this procedure and then tap OK u To specify the color and line type of all the objects on the Geometry window 1 Tap anywhere on the screen where there are ...

Page 164: ...oordinates of the point Yes t Distance length Two points on one figure or two different figures or a single line segment or a vector Distance between two points length of a line segment or vector Yes Q Slope Single line line segment or vector Slope of the line line segment or vector Yes Y Direction Single line line segment or vector Direction angle of the line angle of inclination Yes O Equation A...

Page 165: ...urements of a line segment 1 Draw a line segment 2 Tap u on the toolbar to display the measurement box 3 Select the line segment This displays the length of the line segment 4 Tap the down arrow next to the measurement box to cycle through other measurements In the case of the line segment for example you can view its length slope direction and equation Specifying and Constraining a Measurement of...

Page 166: ...d unfixed u To clear all settings constrained with the measurement box Tap Edit and then Clear Constraints Changing a Label or Adding a Name to an Element You can change the name of a point or add a name to each element as explained in the following example u To change the label name of the center of a circle from B to Center 1 Draw the circle and then select its center point 2 Tap the down arrow ...

Page 167: ...he Animate submenu All of the Animate menu commands can be accessed from the animation toolbar except for Edit Animate Edit Animations To close the animation toolbar and return to the normal toolbar tap the button on the right side of the animation toolbar or tap View and then Animation UI u To add an animation and run it 1 Plot a point and draw a figure here we draw a parallelogram Or you could d...

Page 168: ...Go once This draws a line using point F as the locus that is parallel to and whose length is half that of side CD of the parallelogram 0804 To create an animation that traces the locus of specific points u To edit an animation Note The steps below continue from the procedure under To trace a locus of points 1 While the animation you want to edit is on the display tap Edit Animate and then Edit Ani...

Page 169: ...ile the lower window is active tap C to close the animation editing window u To view an animation table Note The steps below continue from the procedure under To trace a locus of points 1 Tap line segment AB which connects point A with apex B to select it 2 Tap u on the toolbar to display the measurement box This displays the measurement of line segment AB in the measurement box 3 Tap next to the ...

Page 170: ... on the figure you are dragging Many of the possible outcomes are listed in the table below Geometric Figure Drag and drop into another application transforms to 1 Point Ordered pair Yes Line Segment Infinite Line Ray Linear equation Yes Vector Ordered pair head of vector assuming the tail is at the origin No Circle Arc Equation of a circle Yes Ellipse Equation of an ellipse Yes Function y f x Equ...

Page 171: ...ound Change the convergence range a Convergence Performing the Clear a z operation clears all single character variables regardless of variable data type Programs and functions with file names from a through z are also cleared Inputting an Equation On the Numeric Solver window input a single equation into the area under Equation Use the soft keyboard to input an equation that contains at least one...

Page 172: ... h Use the formula h vt 1 2 gt2 to calculate the initial velocity v for a height of h 14 meters and a time of t 2 seconds Gravitational acceleration is g 9 8 m s2 Tip If ClassPad judges that the displayed results are not converging sufficiently it displays the message Did not converge Do you wish to continue the calculation Tap Yes to continue or No to cancel the calculation If the message Can t s...

Page 173: ... from your computer to your ClassPad See the instructions provided at the CASIO Website for more information eActivity Application Specific Menus and Buttons Clear variables that contain numbers list and matrices Edit Clear All Variables Insert a row or strip Insert Calculation Row page 175 Text Row page 174 Geometry Link page 177 Strip 1 or Strip 2 page 175 Add help text to the currently selected...

Page 174: ...ate data which is inserted into the eActivity Geometry Link row Use this row to insert data that is linked with a Geometry window figure u To insert a text row 1 On the eActivity window toolbar check to make sure that u is displayed If it isn t tap to toggle it to u u indicates the Text Input mode is selected If the cursor is located in a line that already contains input data place the cursor at t...

Page 175: ...ta Strip An application data strip can be used to embed data from other ClassPad applications into an eActivity An application data strip contains the elements shown to the right u To insert an application data strip 1 On the eActivity window tap Insert and then Strip 1 or Strip 2 Next tap a menu item based on the type of application data you want to insert See Application data strip list below fo...

Page 176: ...ility P Numeric Solver window data Strip 2 NumSolve 1 Sequence Editor window data Strip 2 Sequence Editor Verify window 2 data Strip 2 Verify W 1 The Notes window can be used with the eActivity application only 2 The Probability window and Verify window can be used with the eActivity application and Main application For more information see 2 10 Using Verify and 2 11 Using Probability u To add hel...

Page 177: ...Geometry Link row Example To drag one side of a triangle drawn on the Geometry window and link it to an eActivity 1 From the eActivity menu tap Insert Strip 1 and then Geometry to insert a Geometry strip 2 On the Geometry window that appears in the lower half of the screen draw a triangle 3 Tap the eActivity window to make it active 4 Tap Insert and then Geometry Link This inserts a Geometry Link ...

Page 178: ...tion to transfer eActivity files with another ClassPad unit or a computer The ClassPad II supports only eActivity files created with a ClassPad II unit or with ClassPad Manager eActivity files created with another ClassPad model cannot be opened by the ClassPad II Transferring eActivity Files between a ClassPad Unit and a Computer You can transfer eActivity files between ClassPad and a computer Fo...

Page 179: ...g the Financial application page Example What is the final value after two years 730 days of a 3 000 investment earning 5 0 simple interest Also calculate the final value during the same period for the same investment when the simple interest rate is 3 1 On the application menu tap to start the Financial application If this is the first time the application is being started up the Financial menu w...

Page 180: ...Display the previous page or following page 1 Tap Display help about the currently selected field on the page Tap Help tab Change the settings of the displayed page s calculation Tap Format tab Delete the currently displayed Financial application page 2 Edit Delete Page Clear all the values from the displayed Financial application page Edit Clear Page Delete all the Financial application pages and...

Page 181: ...B the initial settings of any Page B local setting items that are also on Page A will be those inherited from Page A Default settings will be applied as the initial settings of items on Page B that are not also included on Page A The table below shows setting items for each type of Financial calculation Setting Items Financial Calculation Simple Interest Compound Interest Amortization Day Count Bo...

Page 182: ... number of days from another date Calc 1 Day Count 1106 Amount that a business expense can be offset by income depreciated over a given year Calc 1 Depreciation 1107 Purchase price or annual yield of a bond Calc 1 Bond Calculation 1108 Amount you must sell to break even or to obtain a specified profit as well as amount of profit or loss on particular sales Calc 2 Break Even Point 1109 How much sal...

Page 183: ... rate is calculated using Newton s Method PV PMT FV 0 I is calculated from i using the formulas below When P Y C Y 1 When P Y 1 and or C Y 1 I Interest I calculations are performed using Newton s Method which produces approximate values whose precision can be affected by various calculation conditions Interest calculation results produced by this application should be used keeping the above in min...

Page 184: ...tion of payment PM2 BAL d total principal paid from payment PM1 to payment PM2 ΣPRN e total interest paid from payment PM1 to payment PM2 ΣINT a b one repayment PMT BAL0 PV when Payment Date is End INT1 0 PRN1 PMT when Payment Date is Begin Converting between the Nominal Interest Rate and Effective Interest Rate The nominal interest rate I value input by user is converted to an effective interest ...

Page 185: ...1 12 SYDn 1 12 YR1 n n u Declining Balance Method 100n YR1 I DB1 PV 12 RDV1 PV FV DB1 100n I DBj RDVj 1 FV RDVj RDVj 1 DBj YR1 12 DBn 1 RDVn YR1 12 RDVn 1 0 Bond Calculation u Terms in the formulas PRC price per 100 of face value RDV redemption price per 100 of face value CPN coupon rate YLD annual yield M number of coupon payments per year 1 Annual 2 Semi annual N number of coupon payments until ...

Page 186: ...ions using Newton s Method which produces approximate values whose precision can be affected by various calculation conditions Because of this annual yield calculation results produced by this application should be used keeping the above in mind or results should be confirmed separately Break Even Point u Profit Profit Amount Ratio Setting Amount PRF PRC VCU FC PRF QBE PRC VCU FC PRF SBE PRC u Pro...

Page 187: ... IRR cashNFV cashNFV I Cash NFV cashNPV cashNPV I Cash NPV cashPBP cashPBP I Cash PBP Amortization amortBal amortBal PM1 PM2 I PV PMT P Y C Y BAL amortInt amortInt PM1 PM2 I PV PMT P Y C Y INT amortPrn amortPrn PM1 PM2 I PV PMT P Y C Y PRN amortSumInt amortSumInt PM1 PM2 I PV PMT P Y C Y ΣINT amortSumPrn amortSumPrn PM1 PM2 I PV PMT P Y C Y ΣPRN Interest Conversion convEff convEff N I EFF convNom ...

Page 188: ...sent value initial investment QBE Number of units to be sold QTY Manufacturing Number of units manufactured QTY Sales Number of units sold r Proportion of sales amount retained as a profit as a percent RDV Bond Calculation Redemption value RDV Depreciation Residual value after depreciation for year j SAL Amount obtained from sales SAL Operating Leverage Amount currently obtained from sales SBE Bre...

Page 189: ...pe N Program file T Text file F User defined function file Program Application Specific Menus and Buttons Program Loader window Display the Program Editor window O Window Program Editor Edit Open Editor or P Run a program Run Run Program or Program Editor window Display the Program Loader window O Window Program Loader or Save a file Edit Save File Save or Save a file under a new name Edit Save Fi...

Page 190: ... Editor window tap O 2 On the dialog box that appears configure the settings for the new file as described below Leave the Type setting as Program Normal Tap the Folder down arrow button and then select the folder where you want to save the program file In the Name box input up to eight bytes for the program file name Here we will input OCTA 3 Tap OK This displays a blank Program Editor window 4 I...

Page 191: ...Program Execution You can specify where execution of a program should pause by including either a Pause command or a Wait command inside the program For details about each command see 12 4 Program Command Reference Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values When Creating a Program If you input the names of variables used in a program into the parameter variable box when creating a ...

Page 192: ...CTA program created under Creating a Program page 190 to calculate the surface areas and volumes of three regular octahedrons the lengths of whose sides are 7 10 and 15 u To run a program 1 On the Program Loader window specify the program you want to run 1 Tap the Folder down arrow button and then select the folder you want 2 Tap the Name down arrow button and then tap the name of the file Here we...

Page 193: ...am Execution Pressing c while a program is running terminates the program Tip Pressing c does not terminate the program if program execution is already paused by the Pause command see 12 4 Program Command Reference In this case tap X on the status bar to resume program execution and then press c Creating a Text File Use the procedure below to create a text file using the Program Editor window You ...

Page 194: ...ble while a user defined function page 196 is open For information about transferring data between a computer and a ClassPad unit see Chapter 15 of this manual Converting a Program File to an Executable File You can use the procedure below to change a program file PRGM file type to an executable file EXE file type An EXE file is about half the size as its corresponding PRGM file An EXE file can on...

Page 195: ...se the dialog box without displaying the Program Editor window Open the backup PRGM file that was generated when you created the EXE file by converting it from a PRGM file and use it for debugging Debugging a Program Following Unexpected Results If execution of a program produces unexpected or abnormal results carefully read through the program and correct errors as required Editing a Program u To...

Page 196: ...ram Loader or Program Editor window tap O 2 On the dialog box that appears configure the settings for the new file as described below Tap the Type down arrow button and then select Function Tap the Folder down arrow button and then select the folder where you want to save the user defined function In the Name box input up to eight bytes for the user defined function name Here we will input f4 3 Ta...

Page 197: ...then selecting User Editing a User defined Function u To edit a user defined function 1 On the Program Loader window tap or tap Edit and then Open File 2 On the dialog box that appears select the function you want to edit as described below Tap the Type down arrow button and then select Function Tap the Folder down arrow button and then select the folder that contains the function you want to edit...

Page 198: ... shown in bold Syntax Conventions The table below explains each of the symbols that are used inside of command syntax Symbol Meaning This indicates a space Always make sure you input one space between a command and its parameters Example GetKey variable name You need to select one of the multiple options enclosed inside the braces Example On Off Number When inputting the command do not include the...

Page 199: ...ic Syntax expression 1 expression 2 Function Returns true when expression 1 and expression 2 are not equal and returns false when they are Ctrl Logic Syntax expression 1 expression 2 Function Returns true when expression 1 is less than expression 2 and returns false when expression 1 is equal to or greater than expression 2 Ctrl Logic Syntax expression 1 expression 2 Function Returns true when exp...

Page 200: ...he string to the specified variable Description Omitting n starts conversion from the first character of the string For information about character codes see Character Code Table on page 259 Circle I O Sketch Syntax Circle center x coordinate center y coordinate radius color command Function Draws a circle Clear_a_z Misc Variable Syntax Clear_a_z folder name Function Deletes all single letter lowe...

Page 201: ...e sort sequence and display contents of the list on the Stat Editor window list1 to list6 DefaultSetup Misc Setup 1 Syntax DefaultSetup Function Initializes all setup data settings Define Ctrl Misc Syntax Define folder name function name variable name variable name expression If you do not specify a folder name the function is stored in the current folder Function Creates a user defined function D...

Page 202: ...rrent Graph window Do LpWhile Ctrl Do Syntax Do statement LpWhile expression expression is a condition that evaluates to true or false Function The specified statements are repeated as long as the condition is true Description The statements between Do LpWhile are repeated as long as the condition is true When the condition becomes false execution jumps to the next command after the LpWhile comman...

Page 203: ...D x value n df value d df value Function See F Probability Density page 146 For To Step Next Ctrl For Syntax For expression 1 control variable name To expression 2 Step expression 3 statement Next expression 1 is the initial value expression 2 is the end value and expression 3 is the step Function Anything between the For command and the Next command is repeated for a count starting with the initi...

Page 204: ...n 3 No applicable variable For details about each type see Main Memory Data Types page 26 GetVar38k I O Communication Syntax GetVar38k variable name Function Receives variable names and variable contents Description The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed Goto Lbl Ctrl Jump Syntax Goto l...

Page 205: ...hat execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd If the If command expression is false the ElseIf command expression is tested If it is true the statement in the ElseIf Then block is executed After that execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd If it is false the Else block statement is executed After that execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd Description With all...

Page 206: ...ibution page 146 InvGeoCD k Syntax InvGeoCD prob value pos value Function See Inverse Geometric Cumulative Distribution page 147 InvHypergeoCD k Syntax InvHypergeoCD prob value n value M value N value Function See Inverse Hypergeometric Cumulative Distribution page 147 InvNormCD k Syntax InvNormCD InvNorm Tail setting Area value value value Function See Inverse Normal Cumulative Distribution page ...

Page 207: ...tion Performs y c 1 a e b x regression Description See SinReg LogP Misc Graph Table 1 Function Used as a ViewWindow command argument to specify an option See ViewWindow LogReg LogR Misc Statistics 1 Regression Syntax LogReg xList yList FreqList or 1 yn On Off Function Performs y a b ln x regression Description See SinReg LpWhile Ctrl Do See Do LpWhile M MedBox Misc Statistics 1 Graph Function Used...

Page 208: ...a string to the specified variable For information about character codes see Character Code Table on page 259 NumToStr Misc String 1 Syntax NumToStr value Fix integer from 0 to 9 Sci integer from 0 to 9 storage variable name Function Converts a numeric value to a string of the specified format and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable O Off Misc Setup 1 Function Used as the argume...

Page 209: ...n Displays a pointer at the location specified by the coordinates and plots a point there PlotChg I O Sketch Plot Syntax PlotChg x coordinate y coordinate color command Function If there is a plot at the specified coordinates the plot within a 3 3 dot area centered on those coordinates are deleted If there is no plot at the specified coordinates a point is plotted within a 3 3 dot area centered on...

Page 210: ... 100 PTThick Misc Graph Table 1 Plot Type Syntax PTThick graph number Function Specifies Thick as the graph line type Description Graph number range 1 to 100 PTThin Misc Graph Table 1 Plot Type Syntax PTThin graph number Function Specifies Thin as the graph line type Description Graph number range 1 to 100 PxlChg I O Sketch Pixel Syntax PxlChg x dot y dot color command Function Toggles display of ...

Page 211: ...n option See StatGraph Send38k I O Communication Syntax Send38k variable name Function Sends EA 200 data Description The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed For details about using this command see the user documentation that comes with the EA 200 Note that you need to replace all instan...

Page 212: ...isc Variable Folder Syntax SetFolder folder name storage variable name Function Makes the specified folder the current folder Including a variable name at the end of this command assigns the name of the previous current folder to the variable as a text string If the specified folder does not exist this command creates a new folder with the specified name and makes it the current folder SetFunc Mis...

Page 213: ...fies the variable reference location for table generation Description Use TableInput to specify a range and generate a table SetΣdisp Misc Setup 4 Syntax SetΣdisp On Off Function Turns display of subtotals for tables on or off SheetActive Misc Graph Table 1 Sheet Syntax SheetActive sheet number sheet name Function Selects the sheet that contains the expression to be graphed Description Even after ...

Page 214: ...me to GMem data graph expression and related information and stores it Description A folder path can be specified only up to one level Stop Ctrl Control Syntax Stop Function Terminates program execution Description This command terminates all program execution including that of the main program when a subroutine program is running StoPict Misc Graph Table 2 Syntax StoPict picture name Function Ass...

Page 215: ...n of the first character of string 2 starting from the beginning of string 1 Description Omitting the start point causes the search to start from the beginning of string 1 strToExp Misc String 2 Syntax strToExp string Function Converts a string to an expression and executes the expression StrUpr Misc String 2 Syntax StrUpr string storage variable name Function Converts all the characters of a stri...

Page 216: ...t k Syntax 1 TwoSampleZTest 1 condition 1 value 2 value List 1 List 2 Freq 1 1 Freq 2 1 Syntax 2 TwoSampleZTest 1 condition 1 value 2 value o1 value n1 value o2 value n2 value Function See 2 Sample Z Test page 141 TwoVariable k Syntax TwoVariable xList yList FreqList or 1 Function Performs paired variable statistical calculation Description xList Name of list for storing x axis data yList Name of ...

Page 217: ... While WhileEnd Ctrl While Syntax While expression statement WhileEnd expression is a condition that evaluates to true or false Function Repeats the specified statements as long as the condition is true Description The statements between While WhileEnd are repeated as long as the condition is true When the condition becomes false execution jumps to the next command after the WhileEnd command Since...

Page 218: ...e Editor window and then generate a number table based on the following n start value 1 end value 6 Next use the number table to display a connect type graph Including Statistical Graphing and Calculation Functions in a Program 1205 To input 0 5 1 2 2 4 4 5 2 for list1 and 2 1 0 3 1 5 2 2 4 for list2 and then plot a scatter plot 1206 To graph the logarithmic regression of the list1 and list2 data ...

Page 219: ...ns of the Spreadsheet Graph window see 13 2 Graphing Import variable data to spreadsheet File Import Export spreadsheet data to a variable File Export Recalculate the contents of the cell s on the spreadsheet File Recalculate Display a dialog box for specifying the color of the text in the cell and the cell fill color Edit Style Toggle linking between text color and graph color on or off Edit Form...

Page 220: ...cell s between bold and normal M B Toggle the data type of the selected cell s between text and calculation u Specify left justified text and right justified values for selected cell s default Specify left justified centered or right justified for selected cell s p x When cell s are calculation data types Changing the Width of a Column You can use any one of the following methods to adjust the col...

Page 221: ...range of cells all the cells in a row or column or all of the cells in the spreadsheet To select this Do this A single cell Simply tap it with the stylus When a single cell is selected you can use the cursor key to move the cell cursor up down left or right A range of cells Drag the stylus across them If you drag to the edge of the screen it will scroll automatically until you remove the stylus fr...

Page 222: ...ta input toolbar This causes the entire spreadsheet to be re calculated If you want to cancel data input without saving your changes tap the S button next to the edit box or tap l on the icon panel Inputting a Formula A formula is an expression that the Spreadsheet application calculates and evaluates when you input it when data related to the formula is changed etc A formula always starts with an...

Page 223: ... However when you cut or copy a relative cell reference from the edit box it is copied to the clipboard as text and pasted as is without changing it If A1 is in cell C2 and you copy A1 from the edit box and paste it into cell D12 for example D12 will also be A1 Absolute Cell References An absolute cell reference is one that does not change regardless of where it is located or where it is copied to...

Page 224: ...ed as a constant value u To specify text or calculation as the data type for a particular cell Select the cell s whose data type you want to specify and then tap the third button from the left u to toggle the data type between text and calculation Inputting a Constant into a Calculation Data Type Cell You can use any one of the procedures below to input constants into calculation data type cells D...

Page 225: ...cell from which you want input of the numeric sequence to start Actually you could skip this step and start with step 2 below 2 On the Edit menu tap Fill and then Fill Sequence 3 Use the dialog box that appears to configure the Fill Sequence operation as described below Parameter Description Expr Input the expression whose results you want to input Var Specify the name of the variable whose value ...

Page 226: ...to another cell or tap Edit Copy to place it onto the clipboard Changing the Text Color and Fill Color of Specific Cells For each cell you can specify the text color and cell color u ClassPad Operation 1 Select the range of cells whose text color and fill color settings you want to change 2 On the Edit menu tap Style This displays the Style Settings dialog box 3 Configure the above dialog box with...

Page 227: ...he copy destination If the destination cell already contains data it is replaced with the newly dropped data u To copy or cut a range of cells and paste them to another location in the spreadsheet 1 Tap the range of cells that you want to copy or cut 2 Tap Edit Copy or Cut 3 Tap the cell that is the upper left corner of the range of paste destination cells 4 Tap Edit Paste This will paste the cont...

Page 228: ...o the Variable box Tapping the 2 icon on the Import dialog box will display the Variable Manager which you can use to select the variable you want See Using Variable Manager page 27 for more information 4 To import the specified variable data into the spreadsheet tap OK u To export spreadsheet data to an EXPR variable 1 Select a single cell that contains the data you want to export to an EXPR vari...

Page 229: ...the toolbar This will open the Spreadsheet Graph window in the lower half of the display and draw the selected type of graph See Graph Menu and Graph Examples page 232 for examples of the different types of graphs that are available Tip After the graph is drawn on the Spreadsheet Graph window you can change to another type of graph at any time by selecting the graph type you want on the Type menu ...

Page 230: ...ing the data in the nearby screenshot which is the same we graphed under Column Series and Row Series page 229 1 Configure text color settings for each cell as shown in the nearby screenshot For information about color settings see Changing the Text Color and Fill Color of Specific Cells page 226 2 Tap Graph Column Series 3 Tap Edit Format Color Link so there is a check mark next to Color Link 4 T...

Page 231: ...ssPad regardless of the current Color Link enabled disabled setting Pie graph The text color of each data item is used as the color of the pie piece that represents the data on the graph Spreadsheet Graph Window Specific Menus and Buttons Change the color of a graph part selected on the Graph window Edit Style Deleted the regression graph selected on the Graph window Edit Delete Clear all regressi...

Page 232: ...d F 100 Stacked G After drawing a clustered line graph you can change a line in the graph to a column graph To do this tap any data point on the line you wish to change to a column graph and then tap Column on the Calc menu or tap You can change a column graph back to a line graph by selecting one of its columns and tapping z or Line on the Calc menu Graph Column Clustered D Stacked F 100 Stacked ...

Page 233: ...ere will be two different plot point types A B and A C When plotting a scatter graph of a single data series selecting Graph Column Series to graph a single column of data or Graph Row Series to graph a single row of data x axis data numbers 1 2 3 are fixed and each data item is plotted on the y axis Scatter graphs initially have plotted points only You can add lines by selecting Lines on the View...

Page 234: ...s regression graph 1 Enter the paired variable data into the spreadsheet and then select the range of cells where it is located For information about how data is treated based on the range of cells that are selected see Graph Scatter page 233 under Graph Menu and Graph Examples 2 Tap Graph and then Scatter This will open the Graph window in the lower half of the display and plot the scatter graph ...

Page 235: ... Perform the procedure under To specify the graph drawing color on the Graph window page 230 to change the color Exponential and abExponential regression curves ignore negative values when calculating the curve A message appears in the status bar to let you know when negative values are ignored On the Graph window after tapping a regression graph to select it you can drag it to the Spreadsheet win...

Page 236: ...alue on the spreadsheet You cannot drag a point if it corresponds to a formula You may encounter the message Insufficient System Memory to Run if you are using a large amount of data and formulas u To use drag and drop to obtain the data of a graph While a graph is on the Graph window you can select a part of the graph point bar etc and drop it into a Spreadsheet window cell This will import the g...

Page 237: ...s between the Statistics Application and Spreadsheet Application in terms of operation procedures calculation result display etc This section explains statistical operations and functions that are peculiar to the Spreadsheet Application Single variable Paired variable and Regression Calculations When performing these calculations you need to prepare data of one of the formats shown below a b c d X...

Page 238: ... is taking too long or for any other reason by clearing the Link check box on the calculation result window Tip For information about regression graphing see Regression Graph Operations Curve Fitting page 234 Test and Interval Calculations These calculations use the exact same wizard as the Statistics application For details about each calculation see Tests page 141 and Confidence Intervals page 1...

Page 239: ...nput a set of data for each calculation in each line Calculation cannot be performed on the wizard screen when data is grouped by columns Example To prepare the data shown in the nearby screenshot select the range A2 D4 and execute the 1 Sample Z Test In this case the condition is 0 1 On the Spreadsheet window input the data and then select input range cells A2 D4 2 Tap Calc Test One Sample Z Test...

Page 240: ...unt Factor B count m prepare test data that is n rows m columns For example when there are Factor A items and one Factor B items input six columns of data into the spreadsheet For example select A1 F3 on the spreadsheet and run the wizard This will automatically assign the cell references shown below to each factor Factor B1 Factor B2 Factor B3 Factor A1 A1 A3 B1 B3 C1 C3 Factor A2 D1 D3 E1 E3 F1 ...

Page 241: ...rmPD command in the Main application that calculation result is displayed on the DispStat window even with the Spreadsheet application However note that calculation results produced using a mathematical function such as normPDf are not displayed on the DispStat window 13 4 Cell and List Calculations Using the Cell Calculation Functions Spreadsheet application special functions are included on the ...

Page 242: ...rmation about the syntax and other details about each function see Using the List Statistics and List Calculation Submenus page 70 Tip When a range of cells on a spreadsheet is specified as the arguments of these functions the cells are regarded of a single list of data even if the range extends over multiple columns For example in the case of the nearby screenshot where the range A1 B3 is selecte...

Page 243: ...in memory and eActivity area data Search for and delete files and folders in the storage area and create and rename folders Import and export data variable and eActivity between main memory and the eActivity area and the storage area Using the Storage Sheet The Storage sheet appears first whenever the System application is started up You can use this sheet to import and export files For details se...

Page 244: ...ta and function selection data Graph Summary Summary table data View Window View Window parameter values Factor Zoom factor values Table Range values and table result values Conics Eqn Conics expressions Sequence Sequence application data DiffEqGraph Differential Equation Graph application function data Stat List list1 through list6 Stat Result Statistical calculation results Numeric Solve Solve e...

Page 245: ...pplication Menus and Buttons Batch delete specific memory area data System Reset or Initialize the ClassPad System Initialize or n Adjust display brightness System Display Settings or Z Configure power properties System Power Properties Power or X Specify the battery type being used System Power Properties Battery or m Change the display text language System Language or Specify the complex number ...

Page 246: ...ng on the amount of data stored in memory After the initialize operation is complete the touch panel alignment screen will appear Follow the instructions on the screen to configure initial settings For more information about the setup operation see Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the ClassPad in the separate Quick Start Guide u To adjust display brightness 1 On the System application window tap...

Page 247: ... operation 3 Specify the operation you want to assign to the hard key To do this Do this Assign an auto text string function name etc input operation to the hard key Enter the text you want to auto input to the right of the Set button and then tap Set Assign the Cut Copy Paste or Undo Redo operation to the hard key Tap the applicable button on the dialog box Clear the current assignment from the h...

Page 248: ... that appears when the ClassPad is turned off 1 On the System application window tap System Ending Screen or N 2 On the dialog box that appears tap the down arrow button On the list that appears tap Select Picture File and then tap the ending screen image you want to use Tapping the View button displays a preview of the currently selected screen image Tap OK to close the preview image 3 After the ...

Page 249: ...cedures described in this section to configure its data communication parameters u To configure communication parameters 1 On the application menu tap This starts the Communication application and displays a window that shows its current communication parameter settings 2 Tap Setup and then Open Setup Menu This displays a dialog box for changing communication parameters like the one shown nearby 3...

Page 250: ...ode page 251 for details Screen Receiver Mode for using the Screen Receiver software 1 on a computer running Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8 or Mac OS which displays ClassPad screen contents on the computer screen Screen Receiver XP Mode for using the Screen Receiver software 1 on a computer running WindowsXP which displays ClassPad screen contents on the computer screen Projector Mode for conne...

Page 251: ...ssPad as shown nearby The ClassPad will turn on automatically and the Select Connection Mode screen will appear 3 Tap USB Flash Establishing a connection between the ClassPad and a computer will cause the screen shown nearby to appear 4 On your computer open the ClassPad drive The ClassPad drive represents the ClassPad s storage area 5 Perform the required operation on your computer to transfer th...

Page 252: ...ablish a connection between the ClassPad and computer A USB connection between the ClassPad and a computer may be terminated automatically if the computer enters a power save mode sleep mode or any other standby state u To transfer data between ClassPad and a computer 1 When transferring data from your ClassPad to a computer first perform the operations below Export the data from the main memory o...

Page 253: ...ly up to the third level The following are characters that can be used in file names and folder names A Z a z 0 9 comma _ space VCP and XCP File Operations When saving ClassPad eActivity data or variable data for storage on a computer or in the ClassPad storage area you need to convert it to a VCP file or XCP file VCP files and XCP files can be imported later to ClassPad from a computer or the Cla...

Page 254: ... icon panel tap m to display the application menu 2 Tap MENU at the top left of the application menu and then tap New This displays the dialog box shown nearby 3 To reset the ClassPad main memory and eActivity area tap OK u To export variable data to XCP files 1 On the application menu tap to start up the System application 2 On the Storage sheet that appears select Export Variables and then tap S...

Page 255: ...and files in the storage area 3 Select the XCP files you want to import and then tap Import 4 On the dialog box that appears select the import destination folder you want and then tap OK 15 3 Performing Data Communication between Two ClassPads This section explains the operations required for transferring data from one ClassPad to another Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit 1 Turn both units off 2...

Page 256: ...t data To do this Select this All menu command Select all currently displayed items Select List Deselect all currently displayed items Deselect List Select all items in all lists Select All Lists Deselect all items in all lists Deselect All Lists Opening a folder in Data Folder List or eActivity Folder List displays the variables and data contained inside it which can be individually selected for ...

Page 257: ...eout appears When this happens tap Retry to try again or Cancel to cancel the data communication operation Interrupting an Ongoing Data Communication Operation Pressing the c key on either the sending device or receiving device during a data communication operation terminates it 15 4 Connecting the ClassPad to an EA 200 Data Analyzer You can connect the Data Analyzer to your ClassPad and control D...

Page 258: ...he USB port of your projector 3 Connect the other end of the special cable as shown nearby ClassPad will turn on automatically and the Select Connection Mode screen will appear 4 Tap Projector 5 On the dialog box that appears tap OK Precautions when Connecting An hourglass figure may remain projected on the screen after you connect the ClassPad to a projector Also changing to another screen while ...

Page 259: ...0 56 72 88 104 120 41 57 73 89 105 121 42 58 74 90 106 122 43 59 75 91 107 123 44 60 76 92 108 124 45 61 77 93 109 125 46 62 78 94 110 126 47 63 79 95 111 257 270 283 296 309 322 258 271 284 297 310 323 259 272 285 298 311 324 260 273 286 299 312 325 261 274 287 300 313 326 262 275 288 301 314 327 263 276 289 302 315 328 264 277 290 303 316 329 265 278 291 304 317 330 266 279 292 305 318 331 267 2...

Page 260: ...0 393 416 439 503 348 371 394 417 440 504 349 372 395 418 441 505 350 373 396 419 442 506 351 374 397 420 480 507 352 375 398 421 481 508 353 376 399 422 482 509 354 377 400 423 483 510 355 378 401 424 484 356 379 402 425 485 357 380 403 426 486 513 524 535 546 557 568 514 525 536 547 558 569 515 526 537 548 559 570 516 527 538 549 560 571 517 528 539 550 561 572 518 529 540 551 562 573 519 530 54...

Page 261: ...616 641 666 691 758 592 617 642 667 692 759 593 618 643 668 693 760 594 619 644 669 694 761 595 620 645 670 695 762 596 621 646 671 696 763 597 622 647 672 697 764 598 623 648 673 698 765 599 624 649 674 736 766 600 625 650 675 737 601 626 651 676 738 602 627 652 677 739 603 628 653 678 740 769 778 787 796 805 814 770 779 788 797 806 815 771 780 789 798 807 816 772 781 790 799 808 817 773 782 791 ...

Page 262: ...9 889 909 930 829 850 870 890 910 931 830 851 871 891 911 932 831 852 872 892 912 933 832 853 873 893 913 934 833 854 874 894 914 935 834 855 875 895 915 936 835 856 876 896 916 937 836 857 877 897 917 938 837 858 878 898 918 939 838 859 879 899 919 940 839 860 880 900 920 941 840 861 881 901 921 942 841 862 882 902 923 943 843 863 883 903 924 ...

Page 263: ...N N St bn 1 Recursion expression variable Y Y St bn 2 Recursion expression variable Y Y St bn0 Recursion internal variable N N Ex_r bn1 Recursion internal variable N N Ex_r bn2 Recursion internal variable N N Ex_r bnE Sequence expression Y Y St bnE0 Recursion internal variable N N Ex_r bnStart 0 Sequence variable Y N Ex_r c0 0 Sequence variable Y N Ex_r c1 0 Sequence variable Y N Ex_r c2 0 Sequenc...

Page 264: ...of sample 1 N N Ex_r Name Description Op Type p 2 Estimated proportion of sample 2 N N Ex_r prob p value N N Ex_r probA p value of factor A N N Ex_r probAB p value of factor A factor B N N Ex_r probB p value of factor B N N Ex_r Q1Stat First quartile point N N Ex_r Q3Stat Third quartile point N N Ex_r r1 r100 Graph expression input variable r type Y Y F r2 Corr Coefficient of determination N N Ex_...

Page 265: ...N Ex_r xfact 2 Factor zoom x factor value Y N Ex_r xmax 7 7 View Window display range x axis maximum value Y N Ex_r xmin 7 7 View Window display range x axis minimum value Y N Ex_r xscl 1 View Window display range xscale Y N Ex_r xt1 t xt100 t Graph expression input variable parametric type Y Y F p Mean of y N N Ex_r y1 x y100 x Graph expression input variable y type Y Y F yc 0 Graph coordinate va...

Page 266: ... G Solve x Cal y Cal x Cal 䊊䊊䊊䊊 Analysis G Solve x Cal y Cal y Cal 䊊䊊䊊䊊䊊 Analysis G Solve Root 䊊䊊 Analysis G Solve Min Max 䊊䊊 Analysis G Solve f Min f Max 䊊䊊 Analysis G Solve y Intercept 䊊䊊䊊 Analysis G Solve Intersection 䊊䊊 Analysis G Solve Integral dx 䊊 6 Analysis G Solve Integral Root 䊊 6 Analysis G Solve Integral Intersection 䊊 6 Analysis G Solve Inflection 䊊䊊 Analysis G Solve Dis...

Page 267: ... folders are any folders used for main memory Variables Exceeds Maximum Number of Variables The operation you are attempting creates variables that cause the maximum number of allowable variables to be exceeded Exception Error Occurred Export failed Error generated during export causing abnormal export end File System ERROR A file system error occurred Flash ROM Initialize Flash ROM immediately at...

Page 268: ...on that contains an illegal command or function Invalid Name You are trying to use an improper folder name variable name including functions and programs or label name Invalid Outside Function or Program You are trying to execute a command that must be used inside of a program as a local command outside of a program Invalid Path You are trying to specify an invalid path This error occurs when you ...

Page 269: ...ver 30 factors have occurred The number of factors in a summary table has exceeded 30 Overflow Page Size Receiving Failure Reserved Name or System Variable Too Long String Transmission Failure Undefined Result in Condition Judgment A condition judgment program control command has performed comparison with an undefined variable which returns a condition judgment of Undefined Undefined Variable Vari...

Page 270: ...lost Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad The memory of your ClassPad is divided into four parts main memory a storage area for storing data an eActivity area and a RAM area for executing various calculations and operations Reset and initialize restore normal ClassPad operation after some problem occurs RAM Reset Perform RAM reset when the ClassPad freezes up or otherwise fails to perform as ex...

Page 271: ...lues stored in memory are displayed as is regardless of how Number Format settings Normal 1 Normal 2 Fix 0 to Fix 9 Sci 0 to Sci 9 are configured except when a decimal value is displayed Decimal Mode The following applies when the check box next to the Decimal Calculation item on the Basic Format dialog box is selected Values stored in Ans memory and values assigned to variables have the same numb...

Page 272: ... seconds 2 Medium 3 Same as 1 above Alkaline 100 hours Nickel metal hydride recommended type only 60 hours 1 New alkaline batteries or fully charged new nickel metal hydride batteries in an ambient temperature of 25 C Battery life values are approximate and are intended for reference only Specifications Calculation range 1 10 999 to 9 999999999 10999 and 0 Internal operations use 15 digit mantissa...

Page 273: ... execution Battery manufacturer and type differences between individual batteries Operating conditions applications used ClassPad settings display brightness setting backlight duration setting etc Auto power off Power is automatically turned off if no operation is performed for a specified period user settable as 10 minutes or 60 minutes The initial default setting is 10 minutes Ambient temperatur...

Page 274: ...r CASIO COMPUTER CO LTD 6 2 Hon machi 1 chome Shibuya ku Tokyo 151 8543 Japan Responsible within the European Union CASIO EUROPE GmbH Casio Platz 1 22848 Norderstedt Germany This mark applies in EU countries only ...

Page 275: ...CASIO COMPUTER CO LTD 6 2 Hon machi 1 chome Shibuya ku Tokyo 151 8543 Japan 6 2 20387 5 2 7 One or more of the following patents may be used in the product U S Pats 5 539 867 5 739 823 ...

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