The heat setting used depends on the
size (diameter) and type of wire,
position of the weld, and the thickness
of the work piece. Consult specif-
ications listed on the welder. It is
suggested that the welder practice with
scrap metal to adjust settings and
compare welds with Figure 12.
WIRE TYPE AND SIZE
The correct choice of wire type involves
a variety of factors, such as welding
position, work piece material type,
thickness and condition of surface to be
welded. The American Welding Society,
AWS, has set up certain requirements
for each type of wire.
FLUX-CORE WIRE
E
-
7 0 T
-
GS
Weld strength, times
10,000 psi
Welding positions (0
for flat or horizontal,
1 for any position)
Tubular flux core wire
Flux type
AWS E71T-GS or E71T-11 is
recommended for this welder.
SOLID WIRE
ER
-
70 S
-
6
Weld strength, times
1,000 psi
Solid wire
Wire composition
ER-70S6 is recommended for this
welder.
WELD ANGLE
Weld angle is the angle at which the
nozzle is held during the welding
process. Using the correct angle
ensures proper penetration and bead
formation. As different welding
positions and weld joints become
necessary, nozzle angle becomes an
increasingly important factor in
obtaining a satisfactory weld. Weld
angle involves two positions - travel
angle and work angle.
Travel angle is the angle in the line of
welding and may vary from 5º to 45º
8
Wire Feed Arc Welder
Welding Guidelines
(Continued)
from the vertical, depending on
welding conditions.
Work angle is the angle from hori-
zontal, measured at right angles to the
line of welding. For most applications, a
45º travel angle and 45º work angle is
sufficient. For specific applications,
consult an arc welding handbook.
WIRE SPEED
The wire speed is controlled by the
knob on the front panel. The speed
needs to be
“tuned”
to the rate at
which the wire is being melted in the
arc. Tuning is one of the most critical
functions in wire feed welding. Tuning
should be performed on a scrap piece
of metal the same type and thickness as
that to be welded. Begin welding with
one hand “dragging” the gun nozzle
across the scrap piece while adjusting
the wire speed with the other hand.
Too slow of speed will cause sputtering
and the wire will burn up into the
contact tip. Too fast a speed will also
cause a sputtering sound and the wire
will push into the plate before melting.
A smooth buzzing sound indicates the
wire speed is properly tuned. For
aluminum
, wire speed is typically set
higher (7 - 9 speed range).
NOTE:
Repeat the tuning procedure
each time there is a change in heat
setting, wire diameter or type, or work
piece material type or thickness.
TRAVEL SPEED
The travel speed is the rate at which
the torch is moved across the weld
area. Factors such as diameter and type
of weld wire, amperage, position, and
work piece material thickness all affect
the speed of travel necessary for
completing a good weld (See Fig. 12).
When the speed is too fast, the bead is
narrow and bead ripples are pointed as
shown. When the speed is too slow, the
weld metal piles up and the bead is
high and wide. For
aluminum
, travel
speed is typically faster.
SLAG REMOVAL (FLUX-CORE WIRE
ONLY)
Wear ANSI
approved safety
glasses (ANSI Standard Z87.1) and
protective clothing when removing
slag. Hot, flying debris can cause
personal injury to anyone in the area.
After completing the weld, wait for the
welded sections to cool. A protective
coating called slag now covers the weld
bead which prevents contaminants in
the air from reacting with the molten
metal. Once the weld cools to the point
that it is no longer glowing red, the
slag can be removed. Removal is done
with a chipping hammer. Lightly tap
the slag with the hammer and break it
loose from the weld bead. The final
clean-up is done with a wire brush.
NOTE:
When making multiple weld
passes, remove the slag before each
pass.
WELDING POSITIONS
Four basic welding positions can be
used; flat, horizontal, vertical, and
overhead. Welding in the flat position
is easier than any of the others because
welding speed can be increased, the
molten metal has less tendency to run,
better penetration can be achieved,
and the work is less fatiguing. Welding
is performed with the wire at a 45º
travel angle and 45º work angle.
Other positions require different
techniques such as a weaving pass,
circular pass, and jogging. A higher skill
level is required to complete these
welds.
Overhead welding is the least desirable
position as it is the most difficult and
dangerous. Heat setting and wire
selection will vary depending upon the
position.
All work should be performed in the
flat position if possible. For specific
applications, consult an arc welding
technical manual.
TRAVEL ANGLE
WORK ANGLE
5º - 45º
5º - 45º
Figure 11 - Weld Angle
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