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20 

SAW CHAIN MAINTENANCE

If you have any questions or troubles, please 

contact your Bushranger

 dealer.

 

 

 

Never operate a chain saw with a dull or damaged 

chain. If the chain requires excessive pressure to 

cut or produces dust instead of wood chips then 

inspect the cutters for damage. When sharpening 

the chain the objectives will be to maintain the 

same angles and profiles throughout its life as 

when it was new. Inspect the chain for damage or 

wear every time you refuel your chain saw. When 

the length of the cutting teeth has worn down to 

only 4 mm the chain must be replaced.

a.

  Lock the chain - push hand guard forward.

To rotate the chain - pull hand guard against front 

handle.

b. 

 Your chain will have alternative left and right 

hand cutters. Always sharpen from the inside out.

c.  

Keep the angle lines of the file holder parallel 

to the line of the chain and file the cutter back until 

the damaged area (side plate and top plate) has 

been removed.

d.

  Hold the file tipped 10

°

 upward.

e.

  Sharpen the most damaged cutter first and then 

take all the other cutters back to the same length.

a.

  The depth control determines the thickness 

of wood chip produced and must be maintained 

correctly throughout the chain life.

b.  

As the cutter length is reduced, the depth 

control hight is altered and must be reduced.

c.

  Position the depth gauge, and file off any of the 

depth control which protrudes.

d.

  Round off the front of the depth control to allow 

smooth cutting.

PRECAUTION

•   As the cutter length is reduced, the depth 

control height is altered and must be reduced. 

• 

Position the depth gauge, and file off any of the 

depth control which protrudes. 

•  Round off the front of the depth control to allow 

smooth cutting.

SHARPENING

In order to file the chain correctly you need:

round file and file holder (A), flat file (B) and a 

depth gauge tool (C).

By using the correct file size (4.6 mm Round file) 

and a file holder, it is easier to receive a good 

result. Consult your dealer for correct sharpening 

tools and sizes.

WARNING DANGER

Switch off the engine before sharpening the chain. 

Always wear appropriate gloves when using 

equipment.

Properly filed cutters are shown below.

a.

 Top plate angle 30º. 

b.

 Side plate angle 85º. 

c.

 Top plate cutting angle 60º. 

d.

 Depth gauge 0.64 mm.

NOTE

These angles are referred to as Oregon branded 

chain. For other branded saw chain, follow it’s 

chain manufacturer’s instruction.

SAW CHAIN MAINTENANCE

 

(PRECAUTION)

Never operate a chain saw with a dull or damaged
chain. If the chain requires excessive pressure to cut or
produces dust instead of wood chips then inspect the
cutters for damage. When sharpening the chain the
objectives will be to maintain the same angles and
profiles throughout its life as when it was new.
Inspect the chain for damage or wear every time you
refuel your chain saw.
When the length of the cutting teeth has worn down to
only 4 mm the chain must be replaced.

1. Lock the chain - push hand guard forward.
To rotate the chain - pull hand guard against front
handle.
2. Your chain will have alternative left and right hand
cutters. Always sharpen from the inside out.
3. Keep the angle lines of the file holder parallel to the
line of the chain and file the cutter back until the
damaged area (side plate and top plate) has been
removed.
4. Hold the file tipped 100 upward.
5. Sharpen the most damaged cutter first and then take
all the other cutters back to the same length.

1. The depth control determines the thickness of wood
chip produced and must be maintained correctly
throughout the chain life.
2. As the cutter length is reduced, the depth control
higtht is altered and must be reduced.
3. Position the depth gauge, and file off any of the
depth control which protrudes.
4. Round off the front of the depth control to allow
smooth cutting.

The following faults will increase the risk of kickback
considerably.
1) Top plate angle too large
2) Side plate angle too small

• Sharpning
In order to file the chain correctly you need:
round file and file holder (A), flat file (B) and a depth
gauge tool (C).
By using the correct file size (4.6 mm Round file) and
a file holder, it is easier to receive a good result.
Consult your dealer for correct sharpening tools and
sizes.

WARNING ▲ DANGER

SWITCH OFFTHE ENGINE BEFORE SHARPENING

THE CHAIN.

ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES WHEN WORKING ON

• Properly filed cutters are shown below.

A : Top plate angle 30º
B : Side plate angle 85º
C : Top plate cutting angle 60º
D : Depth gauge 0.64 mm

NOTE
These angles are referred to as Oregon 20BP and
Carlton K1L saw chains.
For other branded saw chain, follow it’s chain
manufacturer’s instruction.

• Drive link serves to remove sawdust from the groove
of the guide bar. Therefore, keep the lower edge of the
drive link sharp, indicated as 5.

- When setting of the chain is finished, soak it in oil
and wash away filings completely before using.
- When chain has been filed on the bar, supply
sufficient oil to it, and rotate the chain slowly to wash
away the filings before using again.

   

    

   

 

 

SAW CHAIN MAINTENANCE

 

(PRECAUTION)

Never operate a chain saw with a dull or damaged
chain. If the chain requires excessive pressure to cut or
produces dust instead of wood chips then inspect the
cutters for damage. When sharpening the chain the
objectives will be to maintain the same angles and
profiles throughout its life as when it was new.
Inspect the chain for damage or wear every time you
refuel your chain saw.
When the length of the cutting teeth has worn down to
only 4 mm the chain must be replaced.

1. Lock the chain - push hand guard forward.
To rotate the chain - pull hand guard against front
handle.
2. Your chain will have alternative left and right hand
cutters. Always sharpen from the inside out.
3. Keep the angle lines of the file holder parallel to the
line of the chain and file the cutter back until the
damaged area (side plate and top plate) has been
removed.
4. Hold the file tipped 100 upward.
5. Sharpen the most damaged cutter first and then take
all the other cutters back to the same length.

1. The depth control determines the thickness of wood
chip produced and must be maintained correctly
throughout the chain life.
2. As the cutter length is reduced, the depth control
higtht is altered and must be reduced.
3. Position the depth gauge, and file off any of the
depth control which protrudes.
4. Round off the front of the depth control to allow
smooth cutting.

The following faults will increase the risk of kickback
considerably.
1) Top plate angle too large
2) Side plate angle too small

• Sharpning
In order to file the chain correctly you need:
round file and file holder (A), flat file (B) and a depth
gauge tool (C).
By using the correct file size (4.6 mm Round file) and
a file holder, it is easier to receive a good result.
Consult your dealer for correct sharpening tools and
sizes.

WARNING ▲ DANGER

SWITCH OFFTHE ENGINE BEFORE SHARPENING

THE CHAIN.

ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES WHEN WORKING ON

• Properly filed cutters are shown below.

A : Top plate angle 30º
B : Side plate angle 85º
C : Top plate cutting angle 60º
D : Depth gauge 0.64 mm

NOTE
These angles are referred to as Oregon 20BP and
Carlton K1L saw chains.
For other branded saw chain, follow it’s chain
manufacturer’s instruction.

• Drive link serves to remove sawdust from the groove
of the guide bar. Therefore, keep the lower edge of the
drive link sharp, indicated as 5.

- When setting of the chain is finished, soak it in oil
and wash away filings completely before using.
- When chain has been filed on the bar, supply
sufficient oil to it, and rotate the chain slowly to wash
away the filings before using again.

   

    

   

 

 

SAW CHAIN MAINTENANCE

 

(PRECAUTION)

Never operate a chain saw with a dull or damaged
chain. If the chain requires excessive pressure to cut or
produces dust instead of wood chips then inspect the
cutters for damage. When sharpening the chain the
objectives will be to maintain the same angles and
profiles throughout its life as when it was new.
Inspect the chain for damage or wear every time you
refuel your chain saw.
When the length of the cutting teeth has worn down to
only 4 mm the chain must be replaced.

1. Lock the chain - push hand guard forward.
To rotate the chain - pull hand guard against front
handle.
2. Your chain will have alternative left and right hand
cutters. Always sharpen from the inside out.
3. Keep the angle lines of the file holder parallel to the
line of the chain and file the cutter back until the
damaged area (side plate and top plate) has been
removed.
4. Hold the file tipped 100 upward.
5. Sharpen the most damaged cutter first and then take
all the other cutters back to the same length.

1. The depth control determines the thickness of wood
chip produced and must be maintained correctly
throughout the chain life.
2. As the cutter length is reduced, the depth control
higtht is altered and must be reduced.
3. Position the depth gauge, and file off any of the
depth control which protrudes.
4. Round off the front of the depth control to allow
smooth cutting.

The following faults will increase the risk of kickback
considerably.
1) Top plate angle too large
2) Side plate angle too small

• Sharpning
In order to file the chain correctly you need:
round file and file holder (A), flat file (B) and a depth
gauge tool (C).
By using the correct file size (4.6 mm Round file) and
a file holder, it is easier to receive a good result.
Consult your dealer for correct sharpening tools and
sizes.

WARNING ▲ DANGER

SWITCH OFFTHE ENGINE BEFORE SHARPENING

THE CHAIN.

ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES WHEN WORKING ON

• Properly filed cutters are shown below.

A : Top plate angle 30º
B : Side plate angle 85º
C : Top plate cutting angle 60º
D : Depth gauge 0.64 mm

NOTE
These angles are referred to as Oregon 20BP and
Carlton K1L saw chains.
For other branded saw chain, follow it’s chain
manufacturer’s instruction.

• Drive link serves to remove sawdust from the groove
of the guide bar. Therefore, keep the lower edge of the
drive link sharp, indicated as 5.

- When setting of the chain is finished, soak it in oil
and wash away filings completely before using.
- When chain has been filed on the bar, supply
sufficient oil to it, and rotate the chain slowly to wash
away the filings before using again.

   

    

   

 

 

SAW CHAIN MAINTENANCE

 

(PRECAUTION)

Never operate a chain saw with a dull or damaged
chain. If the chain requires excessive pressure to cut or
produces dust instead of wood chips then inspect the
cutters for damage. When sharpening the chain the
objectives will be to maintain the same angles and
profiles throughout its life as when it was new.
Inspect the chain for damage or wear every time you
refuel your chain saw.
When the length of the cutting teeth has worn down to
only 4 mm the chain must be replaced.

1. Lock the chain - push hand guard forward.
To rotate the chain - pull hand guard against front
handle.
2. Your chain will have alternative left and right hand
cutters. Always sharpen from the inside out.
3. Keep the angle lines of the file holder parallel to the
line of the chain and file the cutter back until the
damaged area (side plate and top plate) has been
removed.
4. Hold the file tipped 100 upward.
5. Sharpen the most damaged cutter first and then take
all the other cutters back to the same length.

1. The depth control determines the thickness of wood
chip produced and must be maintained correctly
throughout the chain life.
2. As the cutter length is reduced, the depth control
higtht is altered and must be reduced.
3. Position the depth gauge, and file off any of the
depth control which protrudes.
4. Round off the front of the depth control to allow
smooth cutting.

The following faults will increase the risk of kickback
considerably.
1) Top plate angle too large
2) Side plate angle too small

• Sharpning
In order to file the chain correctly you need:
round file and file holder (A), flat file (B) and a depth
gauge tool (C).
By using the correct file size (4.6 mm Round file) and
a file holder, it is easier to receive a good result.
Consult your dealer for correct sharpening tools and
sizes.

WARNING ▲ DANGER

SWITCH OFFTHE ENGINE BEFORE SHARPENING

THE CHAIN.

ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES WHEN WORKING ON

• Properly filed cutters are shown below.

A : Top plate angle 30º
B : Side plate angle 85º
C : Top plate cutting angle 60º
D : Depth gauge 0.64 mm

NOTE
These angles are referred to as Oregon 20BP and
Carlton K1L saw chains.
For other branded saw chain, follow it’s chain
manufacturer’s instruction.

• Drive link serves to remove sawdust from the groove
of the guide bar. Therefore, keep the lower edge of the
drive link sharp, indicated as 5.

- When setting of the chain is finished, soak it in oil
and wash away filings completely before using.
- When chain has been filed on the bar, supply
sufficient oil to it, and rotate the chain slowly to wash
away the filings before using again.

   

    

   

 

 

SAW CHAIN MAINTENANCE

 

(PRECAUTION)

Never operate a chain saw with a dull or damaged
chain. If the chain requires excessive pressure to cut or
produces dust instead of wood chips then inspect the
cutters for damage. When sharpening the chain the
objectives will be to maintain the same angles and
profiles throughout its life as when it was new.
Inspect the chain for damage or wear every time you
refuel your chain saw.
When the length of the cutting teeth has worn down to
only 4 mm the chain must be replaced.

1. Lock the chain - push hand guard forward.
To rotate the chain - pull hand guard against front
handle.
2. Your chain will have alternative left and right hand
cutters. Always sharpen from the inside out.
3. Keep the angle lines of the file holder parallel to the
line of the chain and file the cutter back until the
damaged area (side plate and top plate) has been
removed.
4. Hold the file tipped 100 upward.
5. Sharpen the most damaged cutter first and then take
all the other cutters back to the same length.

1. The depth control determines the thickness of wood
chip produced and must be maintained correctly
throughout the chain life.
2. As the cutter length is reduced, the depth control
higtht is altered and must be reduced.
3. Position the depth gauge, and file off any of the
depth control which protrudes.
4. Round off the front of the depth control to allow
smooth cutting.

The following faults will increase the risk of kickback
considerably.
1) Top plate angle too large
2) Side plate angle too small

• Sharpning
In order to file the chain correctly you need:
round file and file holder (A), flat file (B) and a depth
gauge tool (C).
By using the correct file size (4.6 mm Round file) and
a file holder, it is easier to receive a good result.
Consult your dealer for correct sharpening tools and
sizes.

WARNING ▲ DANGER

SWITCH OFFTHE ENGINE BEFORE SHARPENING

THE CHAIN.

ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES WHEN WORKING ON

• Properly filed cutters are shown below.

A : Top plate angle 30º
B : Side plate angle 85º
C : Top plate cutting angle 60º
D : Depth gauge 0.64 mm

NOTE
These angles are referred to as Oregon 20BP and
Carlton K1L saw chains.
For other branded saw chain, follow it’s chain
manufacturer’s instruction.

• Drive link serves to remove sawdust from the groove
of the guide bar. Therefore, keep the lower edge of the
drive link sharp, indicated as 5.

- When setting of the chain is finished, soak it in oil
and wash away filings completely before using.
- When chain has been filed on the bar, supply
sufficient oil to it, and rotate the chain slowly to wash
away the filings before using again.

   

    

   

 

 

SAW CHAIN MAINTENANCE

 

(PRECAUTION)

Never operate a chain saw with a dull or damaged
chain. If the chain requires excessive pressure to cut or
produces dust instead of wood chips then inspect the
cutters for damage. When sharpening the chain the
objectives will be to maintain the same angles and
profiles throughout its life as when it was new.
Inspect the chain for damage or wear every time you
refuel your chain saw.
When the length of the cutting teeth has worn down to
only 4 mm the chain must be replaced.

1. Lock the chain - push hand guard forward.
To rotate the chain - pull hand guard against front
handle.
2. Your chain will have alternative left and right hand
cutters. Always sharpen from the inside out.
3. Keep the angle lines of the file holder parallel to the
line of the chain and file the cutter back until the
damaged area (side plate and top plate) has been
removed.
4. Hold the file tipped 100 upward.
5. Sharpen the most damaged cutter first and then take
all the other cutters back to the same length.

1. The depth control determines the thickness of wood
chip produced and must be maintained correctly
throughout the chain life.
2. As the cutter length is reduced, the depth control
higtht is altered and must be reduced.
3. Position the depth gauge, and file off any of the
depth control which protrudes.
4. Round off the front of the depth control to allow
smooth cutting.

The following faults will increase the risk of kickback
considerably.
1) Top plate angle too large
2) Side plate angle too small

• Sharpning
In order to file the chain correctly you need:
round file and file holder (A), flat file (B) and a depth
gauge tool (C).
By using the correct file size (4.6 mm Round file) and
a file holder, it is easier to receive a good result.
Consult your dealer for correct sharpening tools and
sizes.

WARNING ▲ DANGER

SWITCH OFFTHE ENGINE BEFORE SHARPENING

THE CHAIN.

ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES WHEN WORKING ON

• Properly filed cutters are shown below.

A : Top plate angle 30º
B : Side plate angle 85º
C : Top plate cutting angle 60º
D : Depth gauge 0.64 mm

NOTE
These angles are referred to as Oregon 20BP and
Carlton K1L saw chains.
For other branded saw chain, follow it’s chain
manufacturer’s instruction.

• Drive link serves to remove sawdust from the groove
of the guide bar. Therefore, keep the lower edge of the
drive link sharp, indicated as 5.

- When setting of the chain is finished, soak it in oil
and wash away filings completely before using.
- When chain has been filed on the bar, supply
sufficient oil to it, and rotate the chain slowly to wash
away the filings before using again.

   

    

   

 

 

Summary of Contents for CS4020

Page 1: ...1 CHAINSAW CS4020 OPERATOR S MANUAL ...

Page 2: ... means Whatever is shown is prohibited Chain oiler adjustment direction the oil flow decrease direction the oil flow decrease CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation if not avoided may result in minor or moderate injury Carburettor adjustment Low speed mixture Carburettor adjustment High speed mixture Wear eyes ears and head protection Carburettor adjustment Idle speed mixture Warning ...

Page 3: ... any physical condition which strenuous work could worsen check with your physician before using a chain saw Do not operate when ill or fatigued or under the influence of any substance or medication which could affect your vision dexterity or judgement Always wear approved goggles to protect your eyes Wood chips dust snapping branches an other debris can be tossed by the cutting chain into the ope...

Page 4: ...not pour fuel indoors Wipe any spilled fuel off the unit Never refuel while the engine is still hot because a fuel leak could start a fire Do not store the unit with fuel in its tank because a fuel leak could start a fire Bring an extinguisher or shovel in case of fire Despite the precautions which can be taken operating a chain saw or just working in the forest presents dangers After refueling ti...

Page 5: ... saw at all times Do not overreach or cut above chest height Make sure that the area in which you are cutting is free from obstructions Do not let the bar nose contact a log branch or any other obstruction which could be hit while you are operating the saw Cutting at high engine speeds may reduce the likelihood of kickback But cutting at part throttle or low engine speed may be preferable to contr...

Page 6: ...PRECAUTIONS VIBRATION AND COLD PERPETITIVE STRESS INJURIES MACHINE CONDITIONS It is believed that a condition called Raynaud s Phenomenon which affects the fingers of certain individuals may be brought about by exposure to cold and vibration Accordingly your chain saw has shock mount designed to reduce the intensity of vibration received through the handles Exposure to cold and vibration may cause...

Page 7: ...e were no chain brake Even with normal use and proper maintenance the response time of the brake may lengthen The following may interfere with the brake s ability to protect the operator CUTTING SERVICES WOOD PRACTICES CHAIN BRAKE Do not operate a chain saw in a tree unless you have been specifically trained to do so Keep all parts of your body away from the saw chain when the engine is running Us...

Page 8: ...8 DESCRIPTION 15 16 17 18 14 21 20 19 22 4 3 2 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 CHAINSAW CS4020 OPERATOR S MANUAL 1 ...

Page 9: ...ide bar saw chain clutch and sprocket when the chain saw in use 9 CHAIN TENSION ADJUSTER This is device to adjust chain tension 10 CHAIN CATCHER A projection designed to reduce the risk of the operator s right hand from being hit by a chain which has broken or derailed from the guide bar during cutting 11 SPIKED BUMPER Devise fitted in front of the guide bar mounting point acting as a pivot when i...

Page 10: ...h drum then pull the chain in order to guide teeth suitable to the guide groove of guide bar Ensure cutters are pointing in the correct direction Install the clutch cover and put the tensioner pin into bar hole adjust the chain tension adjuster to move the tensioner pin for adapting to the bar hole then mount spiked bumper tighten nuts by finger Never tighten nuts too tight in order to glide the b...

Page 11: ...necessary but after first firing sound pull throttle trigger a little to release throttle latch and choke CAUTION Clutch engages and chain will rotate when engine is started with throttle trigger squeezed After engine starts release throttle trigger to idle position After engine starts allow it to idle for a few minutes Squeeze throttle trigger gradually to increase engine revolution The chain sta...

Page 12: ...d be checked frequently during work and corrected if necessary Tension the chain as tight as possible but so it can still be pulled easily along the bar by hand WARNING DANGER MAKE SURE THAT THE ENGINE IS SHUT OFF WHEN CHECKING CHAIN TENSION Familiarize yourself with your chain saw before you start actual cutting For this purpose it may be wise to practice by cutting some small logs or limbs sever...

Page 13: ... right hand 4 The impact is propagated to the brake lever which actuates the chain brake PRECAUTION When checking the operation of the non manual chain brake use a soft surface substance like wood to provide the impact so the saw chain is not damaged NON MANUAL CHAIN BRAKE CUTTING INSTRUCTION GENERAL The non manual chain brake stops the operation of the saw chain in such a manner that kickback act...

Page 14: ...around the tree You will need good footing while working and you should be able to work the saw without hitting any obstacles Next select a path of retreat When the tree begins to fall you should retreat away from the direction of fall at a 45 degree angle to avoid the trunk kicking back over the stump See right above figure Begin the cut on the side to which the tree is to fall Cut a notch approx...

Page 15: ...slope or hillside always stand uphill CAUTION Stay on the uphill side of logs LIMBING BUCKING Limbing a fallen tree is much the same as bucking Never limb on the tree that you are standing Be careful of the tip touching other limbs Always use both hands Don t cut with the saw overhead or the bar in a vertical position If the saw should kickback you may not have good enough control to prevent possi...

Page 16: ...and should meet the first cut CAUTION If you have misjudged the effects of tension and compression and cut from the wrong side the timber will pinch the guide bar and chain trapping it Racing the engine with the chain jammed will burn out your clutch If the chain should become jammed and the saw can not be removed from the cut do not force it out Stop the saw force a wedge into the cut to open it ...

Page 17: ...RFORMED BY COMPETENT SERVICE PERSONNEL TROUBLE SHOOTING SERVICE MAINTENANCE GUIDE AREA MAINTENANCE PAGE BEFORE USE MONTHLY Air Filter Clean Replace 18 Fuel Filter Inspect Clean Replace 18 Spark Plug Inspect Clean Adjust Replace 19 Carburettor Adjust Replace and adjust 18 Cooling System Inspect Clean 19 Silencer Inspect Tighten Clean Oil Filter Inspect Clean Replace 18 Sprocket Inspect Replace 19 C...

Page 18: ...cessary To adjust the carburettor proceed as follows Low speed mixture adjuster L 1 to 1 and 1 4 turns open High speed mixture adjuster H 1 to 1 and 1 4 turns open Screw in the needles until lightly seated and return indicated turn above Turn idle speed adjuster T clockwise until chain begins to rotate Then back screw 1 2 turn CAUTION When starting idle speed adjuster T should be adjusted not to r...

Page 19: ...l result in poor engine cooling Remove dirt and dust from between fins to let cooling air pass easily GUIDE BAR SPROCKET AUTOMATIC OILER SPARK OLUG MAGNETO CYLINDER FINS Clean before using Clean the groove of the guide bar with for example a small screw drive Clean oil holes with a wire Reverse guide bar periodically Clean sprocket clutch and bar mount area before installation of guide bar NOTE Wh...

Page 20: ...the chain the objectives will be to maintain the same angles and profiles throughout its life as when it was new Inspect the chain for damage or wear every time you refuel your chain saw When the length of the cutting teeth has worn down to only 4 mm the chain must be replaced 1 Lock the chain push hand guard forward To rotate the chain pull hand guard against front handle 2 Your chain will have a...

Page 21: ...r a prolonged period of time 60 days or longer without performing protective storage maintenance which includes the following 1 Store unit in a dry dust free place out of the reach of children and other unauthorized persons 2 Place the ignition in the switch STOP position 8 Remove the spark plug and pour 1 2 tablespoon of fresh clean two stroke engine oil into the cylinder through the spark plug h...

Page 22: ...tion IS0 7293 Fuel consumption at maximum engine power Specific fuel consumption at maximum engine power Kg h g kw h 0 85 566 Chain brake IS0 6535 Mean braking time at racing speed S 0 055 Vibrations IS0 7505 m s 9 5 Sound pressure leveI EN 27182 LpAav db A 102 8 Sound pressure leveI ISO Dis 9207 LwAav db A 113 4 Specifications are subject to change without notice 1 Australian Consumer Law REG 90 ...

Page 23: ...23 NOTES ...

Page 24: ...ishing this material The information is provided as is without warranty of any kind and is subject to change without notice PLP also reserves the right to revise the content of this document at any time without prior notice No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or storing in a retrieval system...

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