Armfield S12-MKII, Instruction Manual

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General Overview
3
Abstraction from wells is another way in which water can leave a catchment area and
it can, therefore, be thought of as forming part of the run-off.
A proper understanding of these processes and their inter-relationships is essential
for many purposes. Engineers are commonly concerned with the provision of water
supplies for urban and irrigation needs; with the estimation of flood magnitudes and
frequencies; with the consequences of land drainage works on flood risks, on the use
of wells to de-water construction excavations and the drainage of lakes and polders.
Geologists and geographers are frequently faced with problems which involve
hydrological processes such as drawing up a water balance for a catchment area,
the investigation of morphological processes in rivers and streams, and the control of
mud flows and soil erosion caused by surface and sub-surface water flows.
The range of experimental capabilities is significantly increased by the provision of a
river inlet tank and outlet collecting tank. These enable a range of fluvial mechanics
experiments to be carried out in related topics such as river flow and sediment
transport, initiation and characteristics of bed-load motion, general and local scour in
open channel flow etc.