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Aquaread Aquaprobe Lite, Instruction Manual

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Aquaread Aquaprobe Lite Instruction Manual Download Page 1

Instruction Manual

for the

Aquaprobe

®

 Lite

Optical Water Quality Probe 

and associated

 Aquameter

®

, Utilities & Accessories

Aquameter

®

 Software Version 6.00 and Above

AP-Lite Software Version 4.00 and Above

Document No. 10401-00976

Revision: F

Date: February 19, 2015 

Summary of Contents for Aquaprobe Lite

Page 1: ...Aquaprobe Lite Optical Water Quality Probe and associated Aquameter Utilities Accessories Aquameter Software Version 6 00 and Above AP Lite Software Version 4 00 and Above Document No 10401 00976 Revision F Date February 19 2015 ...

Page 2: ... this product is disposed of properly you will prevent possible adverse consequences for the environment which could be caused by inappropriate waste handling Note For return for recycling please contact Aquaread Ltd for instructions on how to return end of life equipment accessories and all auxiliary items for proper disposal WARNING Favourable indications made by this equipment do not guarantee ...

Page 3: ... MEASUREMENT AND COMPENSATION 15 7 3 GPS RECEPTION 16 8 MEMORY MODE 17 8 1 MANUALLY SAVING READINGS 17 8 2 RECALLING AND VIEWING SAVED READINGS 17 8 3 RECALLING GLP DATA 17 8 4 CLEARING THE MEMORY 18 8 5 AUTOMATIC DATA LOGGING 18 8 6 BATTERY AND MEMORY DURATION IN LOW POWER LOGGING MODE 19 9 SETUP INSTALL 20 9 1 SETTING UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 20 10 ABOUT CALIBRATION 21 10 1 PRECAUTIONS DURING CALIBR...

Page 4: ...2 Limitations of Use 37 11 6 3 Calibrating the CPHYLL Electrode 37 11 6 4 Calibration Solution Preparation 38 11 6 5 Serial Dilution 38 11 6 6 Zero Point Calibration 38 11 6 7 Calibrating Point 2 39 11 6 8 Errors During Calibration 40 11 6 9 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance 40 11 7 2000 RHOD RHODAMINE WT ELECTRODE 41 11 7 1 Principle of Operation 41 11 7 2 Limitations of Use 41 11 7 3 Calibrating the R...

Page 5: ...3 8 SAVING LOGGED DATA 61 13 9 RETRIEVING LOGGED DATA 61 13 10 EXPORTING DATA 61 13 11 EXPORTING TEXT REPORTS 61 13 12 EXPORTING EXCEL FILES 62 13 13 EXPORTING GOOGLE FILES 62 13 14 IMPORTING FILES INTO GOOGLE EARTH 62 13 15 GOOGLE EXAMPLE 63 14 LIMITED WARRANTY 64 14 1 CLEANING PRIOR TO RETURN 64 14 2 DECONTAMINATION CERTIFICATE 65 15 TROUBLESHOOTING 66 16 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 67 17 APPENDIX...

Page 6: ... small hole on the rear of the unit near the top This is a waterproof vent for the internal barometric sensor Do not poke anything in this hole Doing so will cause major damage to the vent s waterproof membrane and invalidate your warranty The lanyard supplied with the Aquameter may at first appear to be a little long This is intentional In order to keep the Meter out of the way whilst your hands ...

Page 7: ...e the sensing electrode and provide a closed constant condition non reflective measurement chamber This is essential for the correct calibration and operation of all types of optical electrodes In order to obtain consistent results the measurement chamber created within the AP Lite must remain physically constant during both calibration and measurement Both the Sleeve and Sleeve End Cap must be fi...

Page 8: ...cially important with the Ref Oil electrode Always zero the electrode just prior to use in clean water bottled still mineral water is ideal This is also especially important with the Ref Oil electrode 2 5 About Fluorescent Measurement All Optical Electrodes with the exception of the Turbidity Electrode employ fluorescent measurement techniques Interference from microbiological species and compound...

Page 9: ...meter screens a battery condition icon is displayed in the top left corner The icon shows full when the batteries are fresh and gradually empties as the batteries are used When the batteries need replacing the empty battery icon will flash on and off If you ignore this the Meter will automatically switch itself off when the battery voltage becomes too low for reliable operation When using recharge...

Page 10: ... short time you should be able to navigate around the entire menu system at speed using just the four arrow keys If at any time you leave the Meter in one of the sub menu screens it will automatically back out to the main operating screen after 15 seconds 4 1 Initial Switch On Language and Clock Setup To switch the meter on or off briefly press the red key Do not hold it down The meter contains a ...

Page 11: ...e replace the Sleeve and ensure the Sleeve End Cap is fitted 5 1 Socket Assignment After installation it is essential to connect the AP Lite to an Aquameter and assign the new electrode type to the AUX Socket On the Aquameter press the MENU key then select Setup Install followed by Socket Assignment When the Socket Assignment option has been selected the following screen will be displayed SOCKET A...

Page 12: ...ve made will not be transferred to the AP Lite 5 3 Initial Calibration When a new electrode is fitted it is essential to carry out a full two point calibration prior to use Refer to the relevant section in this manual for detailed calibration instructions of your new Electrode type YOUR NEW ELECTRODE WILL NOT GIVE SENSIBLE READINGS UNTIL IT HAS BEEN FULLY CALIBRATED Please note changing an AUX Soc...

Page 13: ...htening of the collar To connect the Extension Cable to the AP Lite align the white dot on the AP Lite with the AQUAREAD logo on the plug body then press the plug into the socket and tighten the retaining collar fully DO NOT TWIST THE CONNECTOR BODY WITH RESPECT TO THE PROBE Once the AP Lite has been connected to the Extension Cable the Aquameter can be connected Always ensure the Aquameter is swi...

Page 14: ...will be displayed as dashes The GPS Status screen is shown below Lat N51 21 498 Long E001 24 323 Alt 00050M 1013mb Sats in use 09 If an asterisk character is flashing just below the battery symbol this indicates that Auto Data Logging is switched on See Automatic Data Logging in section 8 7 1 Trend Indication To the right of each reading a trend indication is given This consists of either an upwar...

Page 15: ...er switch on the GPS receiver will automatically start to search for satellites During this phase the message GPS Acquiring will be shown on the bottom line of all the screens As soon as three satellites are acquired two dimensional position no altitude will be calculated and the message GPS 2D POS will be shown on the bottom line of the screens Once a fourth satellite is acquired altitude will be...

Page 16: ...To see earlier readings press the up arrow key Just before each set of readings is displayed the Tag will be briefly displayed To view all the parameters within one set of readings use the left right arrow keys as described earlier To exit Memory Recall mode press the ESC key If no key is pressed for 30 seconds Memory Recall mode will be automatically cancelled 8 3 Recalling GLP Data Each time a s...

Page 17: ... Menu screen will be displayed Please note the first item on the menu Clean Probe will only be active if an Aquaprobe AP 7000 which has an automatic cleaning system is connected Clean Probe Auto Data Logging Calibration Setup Install Select Auto Data Logging by pressing the down arrow key then the right arrow key or the OK key The Auto Data Logging screen will be displayed Auto Data Logging Interv...

Page 18: ... order to estimate battery life and memory usage the following table can be used The battery life figures quoted below are based on fresh good quality alkaline batteries at a Meter temperature of 21 C or over Colder Meter temperatures will drastically reduce the battery life For example at 5 C the battery life will be approximately half that quoted Logging Rate Battery Life at 21 C Memory Duration...

Page 19: ...units you want to adjust Choose the first line if you want to adjust Dissolved Oxygen Electrical Conductivity or TDS not applicable to the AP Lite Choose line 2 if you want to adjust Temperature pH ORP or Salinity Temperature only applicable to the AP Lite Finally line 3 will give access to Barometric Pressure Altitude and Depth settings depth not applicable to the AP Lite Selecting the second lin...

Page 20: ...s especially fluorescent tubes can interfere with calibration Avoid strong sunlight when calibrating the Refined Oil Electrode The UV in the sunlight can interfere with calibration Always be sure that the Probe Sleeve and End Cap are fitted during calibration 10 2 Calibration Error Messages If the Aquameter detects a problem with either the AP Lite or the calibration solution during the calibratio...

Page 21: ...en and re select your electrode type This will reset the calibration to default values Once factory calibration defaults have been restored you must carry out a full two point calibration of the Electrode 10 4 Calibration Data Storage The AP Lite contains its own microprocessor and memory All calibration data including the GLP data is stored within the Probe s memory When a Probe is connected to a...

Page 22: ...nt chamber created within the AP Lite must remain physically constant during both calibration and measurement Both the Sleeve and Sleeve End Cap must be fitted during calibration and measurement including when using the AP Lite with the optional Flow Through Cell Flowcell If the optical electrode is calibrated under one set of conditions then used to measure under another set of conditions the rea...

Page 23: ... Aquaprobe If you attempt to calibrate an upper calibration point without first calibrating the ZERO point a calibration error will occur 11 3 2000 TURB Turbidity Electrode Turbidity can be measured by the AP Lite using the optional 2000 TURB optical electrode This electrode employs a Nephelometric technique in accordance with ISO 7027 which uses Formazin as a reference standard The Aquameter disp...

Page 24: ...a Probe is deployed in clean clear water and negative turbidity readings occur the cause is usually an erroneous zero point calibration caused either by contaminated calibration solution aeration or changes in the measurement chamber between zeroing and deployment It follows that if the Probe has been zeroed in a solution that has a turbidity greater than true zero subsequent measurements taken in...

Page 25: ...ill a calibration bottle with clean water bottled still mineral water is recommended wash the Probe in clean water then drop the Probe in all the way The Sleeve End Cap must be fitted Gently agitate the Probe several times in order to remove any air bubbles that may be clinging to the Turbidity electrode 2 Switch the Aquameter on and wait until the temperature and turbidity readings are stable If ...

Page 26: ...out turning the Aquameter off Remove the Probe from the zero calibration bottle rinse thoroughly in fresh water if using RapidCal solution shake off any excess and dry the outer sleeve with a soft cloth Gently invert do not shake a bottle of 20 NTU or 1000 NTU Stabilised Formazin Turbidity Standard solution available from most lab supply companies several times to thoroughly mix Formazin Turbidity...

Page 27: ... the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point after cleaning the sleeve or lenses 11 3 11 Turbidity References The summary on turbidity at the beginning of this section is based on information from the following sources National Field Manual For the Collection of Water Quality Data Turbidity section 6 7 Revised by Chauncey w A...

Page 28: ...A Differences in the fluorescent response caused by temperature Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or de...

Page 29: ...Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 11 4 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 100μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of 200g L stock ...

Page 30: ...ibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be d...

Page 31: ... Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 11 4 9 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth Similarly the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may...

Page 32: ...luorescent response caused by temperature Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentration...

Page 33: ... Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 8μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of 200g L stock solution in a weigh boat and add this to 1L of deionized water in a volumetric flask use some of the water from the 1L flask to r...

Page 34: ...he calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 2500mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage output from the electrode in millivolt...

Page 35: ...l be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 11 5 9 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth Similarly the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of...

Page 36: ...aused by temperature Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measur...

Page 37: ...supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 500μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of 200g L stock solution in a weigh boat and add this to 1L of deionized water in a volumetric flask use some of the water from the 1L flask to rinse the weigh boat so no stock Rhodamine remains on ...

Page 38: ... counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 2500mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV This value is not stored in memory so should be noted down in a calibration record book for the probe 11 6 7 Calibrating Point 2 Remove the Prob...

Page 39: ...1 6 9 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth Similarly the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be...

Page 40: ...ce caused by turbidity The normal affects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Rhodamine is automatically compensated for by the electrode 11 7 3 Calibrating the RHOD Electrode The RHOD electrode has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable results When a RHOD electrode is first installed it MUST be calibrated at both points in ord...

Page 41: ...L with deionized water Put a lid on the 1L flask and invert 10 times This step results in a 1 in 1000 dilution of the solution from step 1 The concentration of this solution is 100μg L This solution can now be used as Pt 2 calibration of the RHOD sensor The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 11 7 6 Zero Point Ca...

Page 42: ...ibration record book for the probe 11 7 7 Calibrating Point 2 Remove the Probe from the calibration bottle shake off any excess water then dry the outer sleeve with a soft cloth Fill a calibration bottle with freshly mixed Rhodamine calibration solution and drop the Probe in all the way Again agitate the Probe several times in order to remove any air bubbles that may be clinging to the electrode F...

Page 43: ... kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point after cleaning the sleeve or lenses 2015 ...

Page 44: ...uorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity The normal affects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Fluorescein is automatically compensated for by the electrode 11 8 3 Calibrating the FSCEIN Electrode The FSCEIN electrode has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable results When a FSCEIN electrode i...

Page 45: ...deionized water Invert to mix This step results in a 1 in 50 dilution and gives you the 100μg L FSCEIN calibration standard required for Pt 2 The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 11 8 6 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point follow these steps 1 Fill a calibration bottle with mineral water wash the...

Page 46: ...bration record book for the probe 11 8 7 Calibrating Point 2 Remove the Probe from the calibration bottle shake off any excess water then dry the outer sleeve with a soft cloth Fill a calibration bottle with freshly mixed Fluorescein calibration solution and drop the Probe in all the way Again agitate the Probe several times in order to remove any air bubbles that may be clinging to the electrode ...

Page 47: ... kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point after cleaning the sleeve or lenses 2015 ...

Page 48: ...sure to UV light when the Electrode is in operational Precautions must be taken to avoid looking directly at the Electrode without the use of UV light protective glasses Do not look directly at the lenses on the front face of the Electrode when it is operational Ensure the warning label supplied with the Electrode is attached to the Aquaprobe 11 9 2 Limitations of Use Determination of refined oil ...

Page 49: ...electrode s relative sensitivity and establish its slope Subsequently zero point calibration should be carried out before each use and full two point calibration should be carried out every few months 11 9 5 Calibration Solution Preparation In order to calibrate the REFOIL electrode a 10ppm calibration solution of 1 5 naphthalenedisulfonic acid disodium salt should be used This solution contains n...

Page 50: ... 10ppm solution of the target oil type and use that to calibrate the electrode in place of the naphthalene solution 11 9 7 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point follow these steps 1 Pour 300mL of de ionised water into a clean calibration cup remove the storage cap from the pH electrode if fitted wash the Probe in mineral water then gently lower the Probe in all the way The Sleeve End ...

Page 51: ...and to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 2500mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV This value is ...

Page 52: ...ge will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 11 9 10 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth Similarly the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the in...

Page 53: ...o avoid looking directly at the Electrode without the use of UV light protective glasses Do not look directly at the lenses on the front face of the Electrode when it is operational Ensure the warning label supplied with the Electrode is attached to the Aquaprobe 11 10 2 Limitations of Use Determination of CDOM in the field using fluorescence measurement techniques will never be as accurate as mea...

Page 54: ...dard fluorescing compound usually quinine In order to calibrate the CDOM electrode a 100ppb solution of Quinine Sulphate in sulphuric acid can be used However since Quinine Sulphate is extremely expensive and sulphuric acid is dangerous to handle Aquaread Ltd has formulated an equivalent non toxic standard for use during CDOM electrode calibration This is available in 600mL bottles Part number CDO...

Page 55: ...ht of each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the ...

Page 56: ...continue CDOM calibration is now complete 11 10 7 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 11 10 8 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth Similarly the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sle...

Page 57: ...de the inside of the Sleeve and the Sleeve End Cap with fresh clean water Dry the Electrode and polish the lenses using a soft cloth Shake the water from inside the Sleeve and Sleeve End Cap then reattach Dry the outside of the Probe using a soft cloth TIP Occasional application of a smear of silicone grease to the connector O rings and thread Sleeve thread the Sleeve End Cap thread will make fitt...

Page 58: ...Aquameter driver and a USB Serial Port driver 13 3 Driver Installation Connect the Aquameter to your PC using the USB cable provided The Found New Hardware wizard on your PC should activate automatically Different versions of Windows react to plugging USB devices in differently Earlier versions will give you the option to locate and install driver software If this happens direct Windows to your te...

Page 59: ...shown above The data for the highlighted label will be displayed in the data boxes labelled Environment Sensors and AUX 1 Electrode Any data that is unavailable or out of range will be displayed as dashes To move up and down the Tag date time column use either your mouse or the cursor up down keys 13 6 Displaying GPS Co ordinates On the right of the screen the position at which the data was logged...

Page 60: ...a file is opened it will appear exactly as uploaded data and the file name will be displayed in the box below the Report Header box 13 10 Exporting Data AquaLink can export data in three different formats Before exporting data the actual data to be exported must be selected First select which data records you want to export by checking the relevant check boxes in the Uploaded Data column You can c...

Page 61: ... logged with a valid GPS position can be exported to Google files Google files are exported in Google s proprietary Keyhole Markup Language with a kml extension and can be directly imported into Google Earth where the data is overlaid on satellite images 13 14 Importing Files into Google Earth To view your files in Google Earth you will need to log on to the Google website and install the Google E...

Page 62: ...gle Earth is a great way to spot potential sources of pollution If one of the readings you have taken shows an abnormality the chances are that you will be able to spot the possible source of the problem a riverside factory for example directly on the satellite photo 2015 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 62 of 72 ...

Page 63: ...nt will be returned free of charge If the repair is not covered by the warranty you will be given an estimate for the costs of repair and return carriage Upon receipt of payment your equipment will be repaired and returned Please note The majority of perceived problems can be rectified by careful study of this instruction manual use of the TROUBLESHOOTING section below or with a little help from o...

Page 64: ...__________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Postal code ___________________________________ Country ______________________________________ Phone ________________________________________ email __________________________________________ Product ______________________________________ Serial No _____________________________________...

Page 65: ...hen it is connected to a PC The batteries in the Aquameter may be dead or incorrectly fitted Check you have fresh batteries fitted and that they are inserted the correct way round The USB cable does not power the Aquameter There may be a problem with the USB socket on the PC try an alternative socket Turbidity readings are negative in clear water Erroneous zero point calibration caused either by c...

Page 66: ...16 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Aquaread Ltd declares that the equipment described herein is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directives 2004 108 EC and 1999 5 EC 2015 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 66 of 72 ...

Page 67: ...thickness acrylic the Flowcell is ruggedly constructed for hard use in the field The base flange includes four holes to allow the unit to be pegged down if necessary 17 2 Adapter Collar Installation Flowcell Adapter Collar 1 Remove the sleeve from the AP Lite 2 Screw the Adaptor Collar onto the AP Lite as shown below 3 Re fit the Sleeve as shown below Be sure to also fit the Sleeve End Cap 4 Carry...

Page 68: ...nters at the bottom and exits at the top Adjust the flow rate so that there is no visible turbulence or cavitation within the Flowcell Connect an Aquameter and monitor the readings If the readings are jumpy or erratic reduce the flow rate The ideal flow rate is around 30 litres hour 8 US gallons hour although the Aquaprobe is capable of operating at flow rates as low as 15 litres hour 4 US gallons...

Page 69: ...ion of sample water Check all joints for air leaks Reduce flow rate to avoid cavitation Sample water is leaking from around the top of the screw collar Screw collar is not tight enough Tighten up Operating pressure is too high Reduce pressure flow rate Probe is forced up out of the Flowcell during use Operating pressure is much too high Reduce pressure flow rate 2015 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com ...

Page 70: ...d responds to fluorescence in the detection range The deep UV excitation of the Refined Oil Electrode operates on a 15 second on 15 second off duty cycle 18 2 How does the Refined Oil sensor work The Refined Oil sensor detects volatile organic compounds VOCs that are found in petroleum derivatives These include benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylenes BTEX The sensor is a fixed frequency in situ f...

Page 71: ...f reading MLD 1 200 cells mL Phycoerythrin BGA PE Marine Blue Green Algae Range 0 200 000 cells mL Resolution 1 cell mL Repeatability 10 of reading MLD 1 400 cells mL Rhodamine WT Dye Range 0 500 µg L ppb Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0 00 99 99 µg L 100 0 500 0 µg L Repeatability 5 of reading MLD 1 0 1 µg L MLR 2 5 µg L Fluorescein Dye Range 0 500 µg L ppb Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0 00 99 ...

Page 72: ...nterference from microbiological species and compounds which fluoresce at similar wavelengths and differences in fluorescence caused by temperature ambient light and turbidity can all cause inaccuracies Fluorescence measurement is ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance in reasonable concentrations and measuring relative fluorescence ch...

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