Albedo HL 2.2 Owner'S Manual Download Page 16

fonoassorbente a sua volta irradiante
nell’ambiente. L’emissione da parte del condotto si
somma, in ampiezza e fase, a quella anteriore in
modo da estendere e regolarizzare la gamma
bassa; allo stesso tempo l’altoparlante lavora nelle
migliori condizioni perché il carico acustico del
condotto pieno è particolarmente favorevole. La
possibilità di scendere in frequenza viene offerta
dal fatto che il condotto pieno di materiale
assorbente ha una lunghezza effettiva maggiore di
quando è pieno di semplice aria. Esso risuona
quindi ad una frequenza sufficientemente bassa
da ottenere una buona estensione della risposta in
frequenza. Inoltre, al di sopra di una data
frequenza di taglio l’assorbente si comporta da
filtro e riduce quindi l’emissione del condotto alla
frequenze in cui si ha interferenza distruttiva
(controfase) con l’emissione principale. Il motivo
fisico per cui questo avviene è stato illustrato da
Bradbury [4]: quello che succede è che il
materiale fibroso che riempie il condotto, a
frequenza sufficientemente bassa, si accoppia con
le onde acustiche in modo tale che il suono si
propaga in un mezzo più denso e meno elastico
dell’aria e viaggia più lentamente. Al di sopra della
frequenza di taglio, che è determinata dalla
densità e dalla struttura del materiale fibroso,
l’accoppiamento finisce e si ha solo un effetto di
filtraggio (ad una pendenza di 6 dB/ott).
Su queste premesse, ci mettemmo a lavorare con
materiali vari e tubi di varie lunghezze.
Realizzammo un programma di simulazione del
sistema, che dava la risposta complessiva, quella
del condotto, l’impedenza, etc. e cominciammo a
fare dei confronti con le misure fatte con il sistema
Clio su un sistema vero [8]. Risultato: fra la teoria
e le misure c’erano delle discrepanze notevoli.
Provammo materiali fibrosi di ogni tipo, dalle lane
naturali o artificiali al cotone in varie
conformazioni, dalle fibre acriliche ai poliuretani;
abbiamo provato addirittura con la lana d’acciaio:
sistematicamente il risultato sperimentale era
inferiore alle attese, sia in termini di estensione

 

The transmission line

Transmission line loudspeaker systems based on
the theory available up to a while ago were quite
simple: the low-end driver (either the woofer or
the mid-woofer) produces a front emission
towards the environment and a rear emission in a
duct (a “line”) uniformly stuffed with a fibrous
material through which it emits into the
environment. This second emission, from the
“port” of the duct, gets combined in amplitude
and phase with the frontal one, in a way that
extends and regularizes the low-frequency range;
at the same time the speaker works under the best
conditions since the acoustic load presented by
the stuffed duct is particularly favourable. The
possibility to extend the range further into the
bass frequencies is provided by the fact that once
the duct is filled with phono-absorbing material it
has an effective length which is greater than a line
simply filled with air. 
So, the line resonance frequency becomes low
enough to offer a substantial extension of the bass
response. Furthermore, above a certain cutoff
frequency, the absorbing material behaves as a
filter and attenuates the emission of the line in the
range in which there is destructive interference
with the front emission. The physical motivation
for this phenomenon has been described by
Bradbury [4]: what should happen is that the
fibrous material in the duct, at sufficiently low
frequencies, becomes mechanically coupled with
the acoustic waves, so that sound propagates in a
medium which is thicker and softer than air, so its
speed is lowered. Above the cutoff frequency,
which depends on the density and composition of
the material, the coupling is ineffective and
remains only the absorbing effect of the filter
(with a slope of 6 dB/oct).
On those premises, we started to make
experiments with several materials and ducts of
various shapes and dimensions. We also made a
simulation program of the system, able to

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Summary of Contents for HL 2.2

Page 1: ...Manuale d istruzioni Owner s manual HL 2 2 ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...nti questo prodotto produce un campo magnetico che potrebbe disturbare il funzionamento di computer o schermi televisivi posti nelle immediate vicinanze Dear Customer We would like to thank you for choosing a pair of Albedo speakers Before connecting them to the amplifier and in order to reach the best result please read this handbook Further information about installation and listening room needs...

Page 4: ...s lo 091224 A va accoppiato con lo 091224 B Contattate immediatamente il vostro rivenditore nel caso i numeri serali risultino discordanti Package Albedo loudspeakers were shipped in hard card board boxes with many internal cardboard pads This provides a safe arrival and a little aid to envi ronment protection We recommend saving these boxes for a possible future shipment Boxes and pads can be dis...

Page 5: ...dini Nel caso di pavimenti in parquet o in altro materiale delicato raccomandiamo l uso delle quattro rondelle in dotazione appositamente sagomate per tale uso Spikes installing The four spikes provide for the best coupling of your loudspeaker to the floor Round ends have the same effect of pins but are safer in loudspeakers handling or moving To install the spikes simply thread them into the four...

Page 6: ...morsetto rosso il negativo a quello bianco Usando terminazioni a forcella o cavo spellato non forzare esageratamente il serraggio del morsetto Wiring The speaker is equipped with high quality pole terminals for connecting the speaker cables They accept 4 mm banana plugs 6 and 8 mm spades and crimped cable ends up to 4 mm2 11 AWG Check to insure the correct polarity positive lead must be connected ...

Page 7: ...o solo dopo un centinaio di ore di ascolto Si consiglia pertanto di non procedere nella messa a punto fine dell impianto prima di questo periodo Break in period Your new Albedo loudspeakers will not perform at best when first installed in your system This is due to some electric and mechanical reasons as properties of filter components and drivers suspensions Only after this break in period the fu...

Page 8: ...ttare l intera stanza ma basta individuare tali zone Speaker placement In setting up the speakers in the room special attention should be given to their positioning This choice will have an important influence on the acoustic balance of the whole system Rooms with not similar dimensions of walls and ceiling must be preferred because these differences can limit the formation of low frequency standi...

Page 9: ...tion is necessary to achieve the best angle for your listening room 9 e renderle acusticamente non riflettenti Immaginiamo dunque che il suono si comporti come la luce e la parete come uno specchio Muovendo uno specchio sulla parete laterale la zona da trattare acusticamente sarà individuata dalla posizione in cui l ascoltatore vedrà gli altoparlanti riflessi nello specchio stesso Per quanto rigua...

Page 10: ...e degli altoparlanti Queste semplici precauzioni contribuiranno a mantenere in perfette condizioni i vostri diffusori per molti anni Maintenance The speakers do not require any particular maintenance apart from occasional general cleaning Clean the wooden part of the cabinet with a soft cloth Do not use cleaners that contain ammonia strong solvents or abrasive materials Avoid placing the speakers ...

Page 11: ...ears The Italian warranty is valid from the purchase date shown on the receipt and only in Italy Unauthorized dismantling of the product will render this warranty void Albedo reserves the right to make changes in design and improvements upon its products without necessarily assuming an obligation to retrofit such changes upon previously manufactured models Albedo shall in no event be obligated for...

Page 12: ...e come un minidiffusore che ingombrasse come un minidiffusore sul suo stand e che avesse una gamma bassa da grande sistema senza TECHNICAL NOTES Philosophy of design As we present here the original motivation the development and the actual realization of a loudspeaker system we also take the occasion to reflect on many aspects of the recent history of design and listening enjoyment of High Fidelit...

Page 13: ...nza La scelta del caricamento del woofer in linea di trasmissione è stata dettata dal convincimento its stand but with a good low frequencies response and that would not cost a fortune It is clear that a final answer to this question is elusive since every project even the ones with unlimited budget and therefore free of any cost limitations is anyway still the result of a compromise dictated by o...

Page 14: ...a di massima attenzione psicoacustica nel crossover sono usate solo bobine in aria e condensatori al response Our choice of loading the woofer through the transmission line is driven by our firm belief that this guarantees the best quantitative increment in the bass response without compromising quality in tonal balance and response to transients On the other hand in order to reach this desired pe...

Page 15: ... tubo uniformemente riempito di un materiale fibroso In the crossover network we used only air core coils and poly capacitors mounted on a double layer high thickness copper board The phase response There are several articles for an interested reader about the problems related to the measurement and interpretation of phase response They are also the subject of expressely written notes 1 2 availabl...

Page 16: ...riliche ai poliuretani abbiamo provato addirittura con la lana d acciaio sistematicamente il risultato sperimentale era inferiore alle attese sia in termini di estensione The transmission line Transmission line loudspeaker systems based on the theory available up to a while ago were quite simple the low end driver either the woofer or the mid woofer produces a front emission towards the environmen...

Page 17: ... calcoli relativi alla determinazione delle frequenze di interesse nel progetto E d altra parte possibile descrivere in maniera corretta il compute the total response that of the port the electric impedance etc We then started to compare the theoretical predictions with the laboratory measurements made with Clio on the physical system 7 8 The result was that between theory and measurements there w...

Page 18: ...i risuonatori paralleli è che oltre a rimuovere sensibilmente le non linearità ha un benefico effetto regolarizzante del carico On the other side what is the reason that makes it not recommendable to use empty lines Essentially two practical problems 5 6 in order to extend the response to low frequencies the line must be very long furthermore secondary emissions from the port determine strong fluc...

Page 19: ...e aumentando ulteriormente rumore e distorsione very well as a damper especially if its lay out is optimized following a suitable filtering model and comparing with laboratory measurements However this is still not enough because the troughs in the response curve due to the main counter phase and its higher order harmonics are still unacceptably deep The solution to this problem is one of the most...

Page 20: ... che erano alla base della filosofia progettuale Questi elementi hanno poi determinato anche la forma e l aspetto del Ultra stiff mechanical coupling The drivers of a loudspeaker systems should work in such a way to convert into sound energy all the electrical energy supplied by the amplifier In fact it must be strictly forbidden that other parts of the system catch and store part of this energy g...

Page 21: ... offer easiness at home with nice looking and handy practical usage Conclusions Under many aspects Albedo is a pretty new speaker concept In the paragraphs above we have just seen its technical innovative elements which allowed an optimal answer to the basic requirements of the design philosophy These elements eventually also lead to the shape and the external look of the speaker In fact its unusu...

Page 22: ...ppolito Misurare gli altoparlanti Audiomatica 2007 9 J Merhaut Theory of Electroacoustics McGraw Hill 1981 References 1 M Costa G Pucacco La Fase Acustica come misurarla e come interpretarla Fedeltà del Suono 39 75 82 1995 2 M Costa G Pucacco Interpretation and measurement of acoustic phase response Technical Notes www albedoaudio com 2008 3 H Møller Loudspeaker phase measurements transient respon...

Page 23: ...grafica www gramme it ...

Page 24: ...www albedoaudio com ...

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