Air Live N.TOP User Manual Download

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1. Introduction

AirLive N.TOP User’s Manual

Introduction

1.1 Overview

The N.TOP is a ceiling mount wireless multi-function AP based on 300Mbps 2T2R Wireless

b/g/n MIMO standard radio technologies. The Wireless Access Point is equipped with one

10/100 Mbps Auto-sensing Ethernet ports for connecting to LAN and also for cascading to

next Wireless Access Point. It has built-in 802.3af PoE port for installation up to 100 meter

away from the power source.

1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support

If you encounter a technical issue that can not be resolved by information on this guide, we
recommend that you visit our comprehensive website support at

www.airlive.com

. The

tech support FAQ are frequently updated with latest information.

Summary of Contents for N.TOP

Page 1: ...N TOP 802 11n Ceiling Mount Long Range PoE AP User s Manual ...

Page 2: ...l photocopying or recording without the written consent of OvisLink Corp OvisLink Corp has made the best effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this user s guide However we are not liable for the inaccuracies or errors in this guide Please use with caution All information is subject to change without notice All Trademarks are properties of their respective holders ...

Page 3: ...he separation between the equipment and receiver z Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected z Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help FCC Caution Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate this equipment This device co...

Page 4: ...Package Content 7 2 2 Knowing your N TOP 7 2 3 Hardware Installation 8 2 4 LED Indicators 10 2 5 Button and Connector Definition 11 3 Configuring the N TOP 13 3 1 Important Information 13 3 2 Prepare your PC 14 3 3 Introduction to IP Finder 15 3 4 Introduction to Web Management 17 3 4 1 Getting into Web Management 17 3 4 2 Main Menu 17 3 5 Configuring with Setup Wizard 19 3 6 Initial Configuration...

Page 5: ...Client Limit 29 4 2 10 Security 29 4 2 11 WMM 32 4 2 12 Data Rate 32 4 2 13 N Data Rate 32 4 3 Advance Settings 33 4 4 Access Control 35 4 5 Site Survey 36 4 6 WPS 38 4 7 Wireless Scheduling 39 5 System Configurations 40 5 1 Menu Structure 40 5 2 LAN Interface Setup 41 5 2 1 DHCP Settings 41 5 2 2 Set Static DHCP 42 5 2 3 Domain Name 42 5 2 4 802 11d Spanning Tree 42 5 2 5 Clone MAC Address 42 5 2...

Page 6: ...res 55 8 1 1 General Hardware Feature 55 8 1 2 Antenna 55 8 1 3 Power Supply 55 8 1 4 Dimension and Weight 55 8 1 5 EMI 55 8 2 Radio Specifications 55 8 2 1 Frequency Band 55 8 2 2 Rate and Modulation 56 8 2 3 TX Output Power 56 8 2 4 Supported WLAN Mode 56 8 2 5 Supported WLAN Encryption 56 8 3 Software Feature 56 8 3 1 Operation Mode 57 8 3 2 Management Interface 57 8 3 3 Advance Functions 57 8 ...

Page 7: ...sensing Ethernet ports for connecting to LAN and also for cascading to next Wireless Access Point It has built in 802 3af PoE port for installation up to 100 meter away from the power source 1 2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support If you encounter a technical issue that can not be resolved by information on this guide we recommend that you visit our comprehensive website support at www airlive com T...

Page 8: ...there are new download or tech support FAQ updates for their subscribed airlive models To become an AirLive newsletter member please visit http www airlive com member member_3 jsp AirLive Newsletter Suppport System 1 3 Features 300Mbps 802 11b g n Standard Up to 27dBm output power limited to 20dBm in EU 23dBm in U S Built in MIMO Antennas 4MB Flash and 32MB SDRAM 5 wireless multi function modes AP...

Page 9: ...TOP Wireless Operation Mode Wireless Mode Radio WAN Application Access Point AP None Hotspot Indoor and Outdoor Client Client None WISP Client Bridge Bridge None Building to Building network WDS Repeater AP Client None Extend distance of another WDS AP Router Universal Repeater AP Client None Extend distance of any AP Router 1 4 1 Access Point Mode When operating in the Access Point mode the N TOP...

Page 10: ... port of N TOP to get network access 1 4 3 Bridge Mode This mode is also known as WDS Pure MAC Bridge mode When configured to operate in the Wireless Distribution System WDS Mode the N TOP provides bridging functions with remote LAN networks in the WDS system The system will support up to total of 8 bridges in a WDS network by daisy chain However each bridge can only associate with maximum of 4 ot...

Page 11: ...emote wireless LAN In this mode the remote Access Point must have WDS Wireless Distribution System capability If you require the PC s MAC addresses to be preserved when the data pass through the Repeater it is necessary to use the WDS Repeater mode Because the radio is divided into WDS AP mode the Repeater mode will have less performance and distance ...

Page 12: ...WDS capability However the MAC addresses of any wireless traffic going through Universal Repeater are translated into the Repeater s MAC address As a result any applications that require identification by MAC address such as hotspot or firewall can not use this mode It is also recommended to use DHCP Relay function to get IP address from remote DHCP server Because the radio is divided into Client ...

Page 13: ...llowed by steps of how to power up and connect the N TOP Finally this section explains how to configure a Windows PC to communicate with the N TOP 2 1 Package Content The N TOP package contains the following items One N TOP main unit One 5V DC power adapter One CD of the N TOP Quick Start Guide 2 2 Knowing your N TOP Below are descriptions and diagrams of the product 2 1 1 2 Power Adapter Connecto...

Page 14: ...ardware connection you are advised to find an appropriate location to place the Access Point Usually the best place for the Access Point is at the center of your wireless network with line of straight to all your wireless stations 1 Screw the bottom case into the wall 2 There are two ways to connect N TOP ...

Page 15: ...d with 802 3af compliant PoE port You can select AirLive PoE 48PB for the deployment of the PoE network environment The POE 48PB is an optional accessory that must be purchased separately You must use Cat 5E or better graded Ethernet Cable for PoE Installation 2 Via power adapter ...

Page 16: ...2 Installing the N TOP AirLive N TOP User s Manual 10 3 Put the case screws back 2 4 LED Indicators This section describes the LED behavior of N TOP You can find the LED in front of the N TOP ...

Page 17: ...PWR Off The access point is switched off On Wireless WPS mode is enabled Off Wireless network is switched off 2 WLAN Flashing Wireless LAN activity transferring or receiving data On LAN port is connected Off LAN port is not connected 3 LAN Flashing LAN activity transferring or receiving data 2 5 Button and Connector Definition This section describes the button behavior of N TOP You can find the Bu...

Page 18: ...ttings clear all settings or start WPS function y Reset Press this button and hold for 10 seconds to restore all settings to factory defaults y WPS Press this button for less than 5 seconds to start WPS function Connector Description Power connector connects to A C power adapter Power Local Area Network LAN port Ethernet ...

Page 19: ... is admin The default password is airlive The default SSID is airlive The default wireless mode is AP mode After power on please wait for 1 minutes for N TOP to finish boot up Please remember to click on Apply for new settings to take effect You must reboot the N TOP after you finish all the settings for changes to take effect The default regulatory domain is ETSI for Europe If you are not living ...

Page 20: ...is 192 168 1 254 with a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 This means the IP address of the PC should be in the same subnet of the N TOP To prepare your PC for management with the N TOP please do the following 1 Connect your PC directly to the LAN port of N TOP 2 Set your PC s IP address manually to 192 168 1 100 or other address in the same subnet You are ready now to configure the N TOP using your PC ...

Page 21: ...ddress HTTP Port and Ethernet MAC Address Before start using IP Finder make sure you disable personal firewall installed in you PC Ex Windows XP personal firewall Search By clicking Search IP Finder will try to discover the N TOP on the network View The function is for IP Camera only It does not work for PC LAN You can configure the N TOP LAN IP address here After enter the IP Address press to the...

Page 22: ...3 Configuring the N TOP AirLive N TOP User s Manual 16 Click to the next page Click Submit to save the configuration Before submit please input N TOP password first The default password is airlive ...

Page 23: ... port 80 at virtual server on your firewall router This procedure is not necessary in most cases unless there is a router firewall between your PC and N TOP 3 4 1 Getting into Web Management You can enter the web management by entering IP address into the web browser s address field To get into the Normal Web Management simply type in the N TOP s IP address default IP is 192 168 1 254 into the web...

Page 24: ...ss modes System All non wireless and router mode settings are in this category The system configurations including changing password upload firmware backup configuration settings PING watchdog and setting management Status This section for monitoring the status of N TOP It provides information on device status Ethernet status wireless status wireless client table and system log Reboot Please remem...

Page 25: ...zard Step1 Login the Web UI of N TOP select Wizard for basic settings with simple way Step2 Select wireless mode that you deserved and click Next to continue Step3 Setup your wireless settings such as SSID Wireless Channel and Encryption Key etc and click Finish to apply the setting or click on Previous to the previous settings ...

Page 26: ...lable for your country In most cases the Regulatory Domain is already selected correctly for your country Please note that using the wrong Regulatory Domain is strictly prohibited If you live inside EU you must use the ETSI Regulatory Domain If you live in United States you must use FCC domain The N TOP is available with the following Regulatory Domain Regulatory Domain Available Channels Maximum ...

Page 27: ...2 168 1 254 You should change it to the same subnet as your network Also if you want to manage N TOP remotely you have to set the Gateway and DNS server information To setup the IP settings for N TOP please select System Configuration LAN Interface Setup After entering the IP information click on Apply Changes to finish 1 2 ...

Page 28: ...at the system log will record the correct date and time information Please go to System Configuration Time Settings We recommend you choose Enable NTP so the time will be keep even after reboot If your N TOP is not connected to Internet please enter the time manually Please remember to select your local time zone and click Apply to finish 1 2 5 3 4 6 ...

Page 29: ...3 Configuring the N TOP 23 AirLive N TOP User s Manual 3 6 4 Change Password You should change the password for N TOP at the first login To change password please go to System Password Settings menu ...

Page 30: ...ents In this section we will explain how to change between wireless operation modes For explanation on each different operation mode please read Chapter 1 section 1 4 first Below is the summary table for different wireless modes N TOP Wireless Operation Mode Wireless Mode Radio WAN Application Access Point AP None Hotspot Indoor and Outdoor Client Client None WISP Client Bridge Bridge None Buildin...

Page 31: ...m about the mode change After your confirmation the AP will reboot itself to the new mode 4 2 Basic Wireless Functions This section will explain the general wireless functions Not all functions are available in every wireless mode Please refer to the web interface what is available of each mode When you select Wireless on the top menu the following screen will appear ...

Page 32: ...2 Regulatory Domain Wireless Regulatory Domain The Regulatory Domain decides what channels and Tx output power levels are available for your country In most cases the Regulatory Domain is already selected correctly for your country Please note that using the wrong Regulatory Domain is strictly prohibited If you live inside EU you must use the ETSI Regulatory Domain If you live in United States you...

Page 33: ...recommended to use this mode 4 2 4 Network Name SSID Wireless Network Name SSID The SSID is the network name used to identify a wireless network The SSID must be the same for all devices in the same wireless network The SSID length is up to 32 characters The default SSID is airlive 4 2 5 Broadcast SSID Wireless Settings Broadcast SSID When this function is disabled the wireless network will become...

Page 34: ... 13 If you are living in the United States you can use channel 1 to 11 Each wireless channel takes between 22 to 25MHz of frequency width But the channels are only 5MHz apart Therefore only every 5 channels can be free of interference with each other It is recommended that you can do a site survey to find about what channels are used by surrounding AP and choose a channel that is not used by other...

Page 35: ...ce can associate If you need to serve wireless connection to large number of users in one location You can deploy many APs and limit the number of wireless clients so any additional wireless connection attempt will be rejected therefore redirect to other AP The range of user limitation is from 1 to 31 4 2 10 Security Wireless Security Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your da...

Page 36: ...4 Wireless Settings AirLive N TOP User s Manual 30 WEP WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method However it is also the least secure ...

Page 37: ... for WEP WPA TKIP WPA AES WPA Mixed Wi Fi Protected Access WPA introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP that provides added security WPA2 adds full support for 802 11i standard and the CCMP AES Encryption The WPA Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA PSK and WPA2 PSK Pre Shared Key Format You can select between Passphrase ASCII or HEX format Please select Passphras...

Page 38: ...4GHz G N and 2 4GHz B G N band 4 2 12 Data Rate Wireless Data Rate Data Rate is the physical speed of transmission The default setting is Auto In Auto mode the data rate will adjust according to the connection condition It is advised to put the data rate in Auto 4 2 13 N Data Rate Wireless N Data Rate N Data Rate is the physical speed of transmission for 802 11n The default setting is Auto In Auto...

Page 39: ...gain control of the medium for transmission Any unicast data or control frames larger than specified RTS threshold must be transmitted following the RTS CTS handshake exchange mechanism The RTS threshold should have a value between 256 2347 bytes with a default of 2347 It is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much Beacon Interval The device broadcasts beacon frames r...

Page 40: ... default setting is Disable When enabled the wireless clients will not be able to communicate with each other This feature is useful for public WiFi WISP operators and Hotspot operators RF Output Power You can adjust the transmit output power of the N TOP s radio The higher the output power the more distance N TOP can deliver However it is advised that you use just enough output power so it will n...

Page 41: ...g networks Setting the correct ACK timeout value need to consider 3 factors distance AP response time and interference The N TOP provides ACK adjustment capability in form of either distance or direct input When you enter the distance parameter the N TOP will automatically calculate the correct ACK timeout value it should have a value of 0 255 sec 4 4 Access Control Wireless Access Control The N T...

Page 42: ...twork 4 5 Site Survey Wireless Site Survey You can scan for wireless networks around your location using the Site Survey function From the site survey function you can also perform antenna alignment and establish wireless connection When you click on Site Survey the following screen will appear It might take awhile depending on number of available APs in the area ...

Page 43: ...s SSID MAC This is the remote s AP s MAC address Channel The current scanned channel Type The wireless type of remote AP Encryption The wireless encryption of remote AP Signal This is signal strength number in percentage in 0 to 100 scales The higher the number the better signal ...

Page 44: ...lf PIN Number to client Registrar end and click the PIN button at the client end to make a WPS connection It will connect with the wireless router within two minutes and get IP address Push Button Configuration Click Start PBC button or press the physical WPS button on the Wireless Router once meanwhile the client should also click the PBC button simultaneously within 2 minutes Client PIN Number E...

Page 45: ...TOP User s Manual 4 7 Wireless Scheduling Wireless Wireless Scheduling Check the box to enable the schedule function Set up the time to schedule the wireless access rule Select the day and time you want to enable the wireless function ...

Page 46: ...face Please be sure to read through Chapter 3 s Introduction to Web Management and Initial Configurations first 5 1 Menu Structure When you click on the System menu on the top menu bar the following screen will appear The system configuration includes all non wireless settings We will explain their functions here 5 5 System Configurations ...

Page 47: ...vice You can enable or disable DHCP server here z Disable default Disable DHCP server z Enable The N TOP will act as DHCP server to provide IP addresses to the clients on the LAN Wireless interface By default the DHCP server is on DHCP Client Range You can define the IP pool from which the DHCP clients can get IP address Click on Show Client to see the current DHCP client table DHCP Release Time Y...

Page 48: ...1 Enter the MAC address of the device 2 Enter the IP address of the device 3 Click on the Apply Changes button 5 2 3 Domain Name You can enter the network area name here 5 2 4 802 11d Spanning Tree Select Disabled or Enabled form the pull down list 5 2 5 Clone MAC Address You can change the MAC address of your LAN port to other value here 5 2 6 Enable AirLive IP Finder Management By enabling the f...

Page 49: ...clock here You can use NTP server function so your N TOP will check with NTP to set time automatically upon each startup Thus it prevents the clock losing track of time during reboot or power outage Below is the procedure to set your NTP server 1 Check the Enable NTP Client Update 2 Select your time Zone 3 Select your NTP server 4 Click on Apply Change ...

Page 50: ...User s Manual 44 5 4 Password Settings System Password Settings The N TOP s password protection is turned off by default To enable password protection or change password just enter your username and password and click on Apply Change button ...

Page 51: ... active if not it will reboot To prevent the AP from power recycling the PING watchdog will start 10 minutes after power up to prevent power recycle problem Watch Interval means How often the N TOP will PING For example it will PING once every 1 minute Watch Host This is the IP address for which the Watchdog will ping Watch Actions Reboo the N TOP will do a power recycle ...

Page 52: ...ade Firmware To update the N TOP firmware first download the firmware from AirLive web site to your local disk Then from the above screen enter the path and filename of the firmware file or click Browse to locate the firmware file Next Click the Upgrade button to start Please make sure to check the Keep Settings box if you want the settings to be kept after firmware upgrade The new firmware will b...

Page 53: ...tion Save and Restore The N TOP can save and restore the settings to a file In addition it has the unique capability to restore only the network or wireless settings This makes changes of wireless settings across the entire network of AP much easier You can save system configuration settings to a file and later download it back to the N TOP by following the steps Step 1 Select Configuration Save a...

Page 54: ...le name in the Load Settings from File field Or click on Browse button to location the location of the file Step2 Click on Upload button to restore settings 5 8 Factory Default System Configuration Factory Default You can reset the configuration of your N TOP to the factory default settings ...

Page 55: ...atus menu in the web management interface Before you read this chapter please make sure to read through chapter 3 on Introduction to Web Management Interface 6 1 Menu Structure When you click on the Status on the top menu bar the sub menu for device status will appear 6 6 Status Menu ...

Page 56: ...tem last boot up This is a good indication for how long the system has been alive Hardware Version It displays the hardware version Runtime Code Version This place will display the current firmware version Wireless This page displays the current settings and status of the radio It includes the BSSID and connection status The BSSID is also the wireless MAC address that is needed for the WDS entry L...

Page 57: ...6 Status Menu 51 AirLive N TOP User s Manual 6 3 Statistic This page shows the sent and received packet information for Radio1 Radio2 LAN and WAN interface ...

Page 58: ...iagnostic purpose Enable Log Check this box to enable log function System All Activates all logging functions Wireless Only logs related to the wireless LAN will be recorded Enable Remote Log Only logs related to the Remote control will be recorded Log Server IP Address Only logs related to the server will be recorded ...

Page 59: ...r A a Please check the connection of power cord and network cable of this access point All cords and cables should be correctly and firmly inserted to N TOP b If all LEDs on this access point are out please check the status of A C power adapter and make sure it s correctly powered c You must use the same IP address section which N TOP uses d Are you using MAC or IP address filter Try to connect th...

Page 60: ...to input ESSID on your wireless client manually if ESSID broadcast is disabled Q File download is very slow or breaks frequently A a Try to reset the N TOP and see if it s better after that b Try to know what computers do on your local network If someone s transferring big files other people will think Internet is really slow c Change channel number and see if this works Q I can t log onto web man...

Page 61: ...tors Reversed SMA Female Antenna Port LAN WLAN PWR Reset WPS LED Indicators 300N 2T2R 11b g n Radio Up to 27dBm Output Power 20dBm in EU 23dBm in the U S 2MB Flash 16MB SDRAM Reset WPS Button 8 1 2 Antenna PiFa Antenna x 2 2T2R MIMO Technology 8 1 3 Power Supply 5VDC 2A Switching Power Adapter 8 1 4 Dimension and Weight Product Weight 143 g Product Size L x W x H 105 x 105 x 46 mm 8 1 5 EMI FCC CE...

Page 62: ... 16 QAM 64 QAM 802 11n OFDM BPSK QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM Receiver Sensitivity 802 11b 11Mbps 88dBm 1 802 11g 54Mbps 75dBm 1 802 11n HT20 MCS7 72dBm 1 802 11n HT40 MCS7 68dBm 1 8 2 3 TX Output Power ETSI Europe About 20dBm max FCC The United States About 23dBm max South America About 27dBm max 8 2 4 Supported WLAN Mode 2 4 GHz B G N 2 4 GHz B 2 4 GHz B G 2 4 GHz G 8 2 5 Supported WLAN Encryption 64 128 ...

Page 63: ...P Watchdog Hidden SSID ACK Timeout Adjustment WMM MAC Access Control Wireless Client Isolation Channel RTS Threshold Green AP Energy Saving Feature TX Output Power Adjustment Wireless Mode AP Client WDS Bridge WDS Repeater and Universal Repeater Wireless Security WEP 64 128bit WPA WPA2 and IEEE 802 1x Restore to Factory Default Configuration Backup and Restore 8 4 Environmental 8 4 6 Environmental...

Page 64: ... 2 4 GHz frequency band 2 4 GHz to 2 4835 GHz and provides a throughput up to 11 Mbps 802 1d STP Spanning Tree Protocol It is an algorithm to prevent network from forming The STP protocol allows net work to provide a redundant link in the event of a link failure It is advice to turn on this option for multi link bridge network 802 11d Also known as Global Roaming 802 11d is a standard for use in c...

Page 65: ... for sharing Multi function Access Point can also function as an Ethernet client wireless bridge or repeat signals from other AP Access Points typically have more wireless functions comparing to wireless routers ACK Timeout Acknowledgement Timeout Windows When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other it will waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station The station ...

Page 66: ...works with AP mode to form a star topology Cable and Connector Loss During wireless design and deployment it is important to factor in the cable and connector loss Cable and connector loss will reduce the output power and receiver sensitivity of the radio at connector end The longer the cable length is the more the cable loss Cable loss should be subtracted from the total output power during dista...

Page 67: ...her be a designated PC on the network or another network device such as a router DMZ Demilitarized Zone When a router opens a DMZ port to an internal network device it opens all the TCP UDP service ports to this particular device The feature is used commonly for setting up H 323 VoIP or Multi Media servers DNS A program that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a c...

Page 68: ...l for sending files between computers over a TCP IP network and the Internet Fragment Threshold Frame Size larger than this will be divided into smaller fragment If there are interferences in your area lower this value can improve the performance If there are not keep this parameter at higher value The default size is 2346 You can try 1500 1000 or 500 when there are interference around your networ...

Page 69: ...net and an identifier of the particular device which can be a server or a workstation within that network The new IPv6 specification supports 128 bit IP address format IPsec IP Security A set of protocols developed by the IETF to support secure exchange of packets at the IP layer IPsec has been deployed widely to implement Virtual Private Networks VPNs IPsec supports two encryption modes Transport...

Page 70: ...everal PCs to share single IP address provided by the ISP The IP that a router gets from the ISP side is called Real IP the IP assigned to PC under the NAT environment is called Private IP Node A network connection end point typically a computer Packet A unit of data sent over a network Passphrase Used much like a password a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption process by automatically generat...

Page 71: ...for user authentication particularly when pairing with legacy Alcatel Thomson ADSL modem Preamble Type Preamble are sent with each wireless packet transmit for transmission status Use the long preamble type for better compatibility Use the short preamble type for better performance Rate Control Ethernet switches function to control the upstream and downstream speed of an individual port Rate Contr...

Page 72: ... with stronger signal will display higher SIGNAL STRENGTH values For SIGNAL STRENGTH value the smaller the absolute value is the stronger the signal For example 50db has stronger signal than 80dB For outdoor connection signal stronger than 60dB is considered as a good connection RTS Request To Send A packet sent when a computer has data to transmit The computer will wait for a CTS Clear To Send me...

Page 73: ...rmined by performing a BIT wise AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask By changing the subnet mask you can change the scope and size of a network Subnetwork or Subnet Found in larger networks these smaller networks are used to simplify addressing between numerous computers Subnets connect to the central network through a router hub or gateway Each individual wireless LAN will pro...

Page 74: ...d to the Internet side of the network topology WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy A wireless encryption protocol WEP is available in 40 bit 64 bit 108 bit 128 bit or 152 bit Atheros proprietary encryption modes Wi Fi Wireless Fidelity An interoperability certification for wireless local area network LAN products based on the IEEE 802 11 standards The governing body for Wi Fi is called Wi Fi Alliance als...

Page 75: ...ard to prioritize traffic for multimedia applications The WMM prioritize traffic on Voice over IP VoIP audio video and streaming media as well as traditional IP data over the AP WMS Wireless Management System An utility program to manage multiple wireless AP Bridges WPA Wi Fi Protected Access It is an encryption standard proposed by WiFi for advance protection by utilizing a password key TKIP or c...

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