Table 5: Physical properties of backfill material
Physical property
Requirement
Grain size, diameter
0.06–20 mm (0.002–0.79 in)
Organic content
< 2% by weight
Content of grains sized <0.06 mm (0.002 in)
<15% by weight
Uniformity coefficient, CU = d
60
/d
10
5–10
Water content, w
3–8%
2. Execute filling and compaction layer by layer around the unit, up the unit wall and up the
pit wall.
Minimum thickness of backfill around the unit
0.7 m (2.3 ft)
Layer thickness
0.15 m (6 in)
Table 6: Minimum thickness of backfill around the unit
Top version
Thickness (mm)
50
300
65
400
80
500
100S, 150S
650
150L
700
Equipment
Weight (kg)
Layer thickness (mm)
Number of passes for
each layer
Vibrating rammer
70
300
4
Vibrating plate
compactor
50
200
3
a) Start the compaction on the first layer by driving a light, vibrating machine around the
unit.
Cover the whole surface.
b) When the first pass is completed, then start the second pass.
c) When all the passes for a layer are completed, then fill the next layer.
d) Repeat the compaction procedure until all layers have been compacted.
4.2.11 Installing the access cover in vehicular traffic areas
In vehicular traffic areas, a concrete slab with access cover and frame must be used. The
design of the concrete slab and the purchase of the access cover with frame are the
responsibilities of the local consultant or contractor. The design of the concrete slab depends
on the type of load it will be exposed to.
Examples:
• Pedestrians, cyclists: 5 kN
• Private cars: 15 kN
• Light traffic: 80 kN
• Heavy traffic: 400 kN
4 Installation
Flygt Top Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual
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