US BATTERY US 13-4-1 XC2, Руководство пользователя

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User Manual
discharges. Second, the charging process should return additional capacity (in amp-
hours) to offset the thermodynamic inefficiencies inherent in the charging process. This
additional capacity can be measured as a charge factor calculated by: charge Ah in /
discharge Ah out. The charge factor varies with temperature, condition and age of the
battery but is usually in the range of 105 - 150%. Third, the charging process should
charge the battery at a voltage and/or charge rate at the end of charge that will result
in controlled gassing of the electrolyte. This gassing is required to mix the electro-
lyte to prevent stratification. Without proper mixing of the electrolyte, the heavier acid
generated during charging can sink to the bottom of the cell and will adversely affect
performance and life of the battery. Finally, the charging process should result in a
fully charged battery with electrolyte specific gravity that is constant over several end-
of-charge readings, consistent between and among the cells of the battery pack, and
within the proper range for the battery type per U.S. Battery’s specifications.
U.S. Battery is active in the development of new charging methods and regularly tests
and evaluates new charger technologies. As part of U.S. Battery’s charging recom-
mendations, charging methods are categorized into three basic methodologies based
on the number of charge stages used in the charging process. It should be noted that
the basic charge stages should result in a fully charged battery at the end of the final
charge stage. Using this criterion; float charging, maintenance charging, and equal
-
ization charging are not considered to be one of the basic charge stages. These basic
charge stage methodologies can be defined as follows:
1. Three-Stage Charging – Charging using bulk charge, absorption charge, and
finish charge (usually constant current - constant voltage – constant current).
“Diagram 5”
2. Two-Stage Charging – Charging using bulk charge and absorption charge only
(Usually constant current - constant voltage). “Diagram 6”
U.S. Battery’s charging recommendations for deep cycle flooded lead-acid (FLA) and
sealed absorptive glass mat (AGM) batteries are found below. Note that the charging
parameters recommended for each of these depend on both the battery type and char-
ger type. These charging parameters are often controlled by specific charge algorithms
that can be selected or programmed by the user. Users should consult the charger
manufacturer and/or U.S. Battery for proper selection or programming of algorithm
controlled chargers. U.S. Battery prefers the use of Three-Stage Charging with dV/dt
charge termination to minimize the charge time required for full charge and to reduce
the risk of abusive undercharging or overcharging of batteries and battery packs.
• FLOODED LEAD ACID CHARGING RECOMMENDATIONS
Three-Stage Charger (Constant Current-Constant Voltage-Constant Current)*
Following is the charging recommendation and charging profile using 3 stage chargers
for US Battery deep cycle products.
*Equalization and float charge modes are not considered to be one of the stages in a
charging profile.
1. Bulk Charge Constant current @~10% of C/20 Ah in amps to 2.40+/-0.05
volts per cell (e.g. 7.20 volts +/-0.15 volts per 6 volt battery)
2.
Absorption Charge Constant voltage (2.40+/-0.05 vpc) to 3% of C/20 Ah in amps then
hold for 2-3 hours and terminate charge. Charge termination can
be by maximum time (2-4hr) or dV/dt (4 mv/cell per hour)
3. Finish Charge Constant current at 3% of C/20 Ah to 2.55+/-0.05 volts per cell
(e.g. 7.65 volts +/-0.15 volts per 6 volt battery).
Charge termination can be by maximum time (2-4 hr) or dV/dt (4
mv/cell per hour.
•
(Optional Float Charge) Constant voltage 2.17 vpc (6.51 volts per 6 volt battery) for
unlimited time
• Equalization Charge
Constant voltage (2.55+/-0.05 vpc) extended for 1-3 hours
after normal charge cycle (repeat every 30 days)
Notes: Charge time from full discharge is 9-12 hours.
Absorption charge time is determined by the battery but will usually
be ~3 hours at 2.40 volts per cell. Float time is unlimited at 2.17
volts per cell. Specific gravity at full charge is 1.270 minimum
Two-Stage Charger (Constant Current-Constant Voltage)*
Following is the charging recommendation and charging profile using 2 stage chargers
for US Battery deep cycle products.
*Equalization and float charge modes are not considered to be one of the stages in a
charging profile.
1. Bulk Charge Constant current @~10% of C/20 Ah in amps to 2.45+/-0.05
volts per cell (e.g. 7.35 volts +/-0.15 volts per 6 volt battery)
2.
Absorption Charge Constant voltage (2.45+/-0.05 vpc) to 3% of C/20 Ah in amps then
hold for 2-3 hours and terminate charge. Charge termination can
be by maximum time (2-4hr) or dV/dt (4 mv/cell per hour)
•
(Optional Float Charge) Constant voltage 2.17 vpc (6.51 volts per 6 volt battery) for
unlimited time
• Equalization Charge
Constant voltage (2.55+/-0.05 vpc) extended for 1-3 hours
after normal charge cycle (repeat every 30 days)
Notes: Charge time from full discharge is 9-12 hours.
Absorption charge time is determined by the battery but will usually
be ~3 hours at 2.45 volts per cell. Float time is unlimited at 2.17
volts per cell. Specific gravity at full charge is 1.270 minimum
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CHARGING AND
EQUALIZING