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SAM-M10Q - Integration manual

The vertical discontinuous lines in the chart area represent the oﬀset to the center frequency in
MHz. This helps to estimate the frequency of any spurious emission seen.

In addition, u-center includes three functions commonly found in any spectrum analyzer. These
features support the RF front-end design and help to spot out any jammer presence during the
application operation.

• View / hold: if selected, the current spectrum shape freezes in a colored line. This allows for a

comparison between the time the spectrum was frozen and the real-time spectrum. This is
particularly helpful in assessing the impact of running other onboard components.

• Average: if selected, a colored line shows the averaged spectrum for each frequency. This

supports the analysis over time and obtaining a less noisy shape.

• Max hold: if selected, a colored line shows the maximum amplitude measured at each

frequency. This option helps to spot out any jammer over a period of time.

shows the spectrum view in u-center with the view/hold option selected. The redish line

represents the frozen spectrum before modifying the external gain, while the black line represents
the current measurement.

Figure 19: Spectrum analyzer view in u-center with the option view/hold selected

By changing the number of constellations enabled, the span widens or narrows. This has
a direct impact on the spectrum resolution, as the number of frequencies measured is
ﬁxed and equals to 256. For further details about this message and how to calculate each
frequency, see the interface description [

A big spur may be visible in the center frequency. The signal comes internally from the
receiver and it does not cause any degradation in the performance.

3.3 RF design

3.3.1 Integrated antenna

SAM-M10Q antenna module is designed with an integrated multi-GNSS ceramic patch antenna.
The antenna is right-hand circular polarized (RHCP) and has a peak gain of 3 dBic.

3.3.1.1 Antenna radiation pattern

SAM-M10Q antenna radiation pattern in free space is shown in

. The antenna is measured

on a solid 50 x 50 mm

2

ground plane. The antenna RHCP gain pattern is shown in terms of

UBX-22020019 - R01

3 Hardware integration

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Содержание SAM-M10Q

Страница 1: ...ional grade Integration manual Abstract This document describes the features and application of the u blox SAM M10Q GNSS antenna module an ultra low power standard precision GNSS receiver with an inte...

Страница 2: ...and designs included in this document Copying reproduction or modi cation of this document or any part thereof is only permitted with the express written permission of u blox Disclosure to third parti...

Страница 3: ...uration locking 25 2 6 Power management 25 2 6 1 Continuous mode 25 2 6 2 Power save mode 25 2 6 3 Backup modes 31 2 7 Time 32 2 7 1 Receiver local time 32 2 7 2 GNSS time bases 32 2 7 3 Navigation ep...

Страница 4: ...ference 54 3 2 1 In band interference 54 3 2 2 Out of band interference 54 3 2 3 Spectrum analyzer 54 3 3 RF design 55 3 3 1 Integrated antenna 55 3 3 2 RF front end 57 3 4 Layout 57 3 4 1 Package foo...

Страница 5: ...power autonomy for all battery operated devices such as asset trackers without compromising on GNSS performance A front end SAW lter and an LNA is integrated in the SAM M10Q module This setup ensures...

Страница 6: ...des all the necessary RF and baseband processing to enable multi constellation operation The block diagram below shows the key functionality 1 2 1 Block diagram Figure 1 SAM M10Q block diagram 1 3 Pin...

Страница 7: ...o GND 7 TIMEPULSE 4 O Time pulse signal shared with SAFEBOOT_N pin 1 8 SAFEBOOT_N I Safeboot mode leave open 1 9 SDA 2 I O I2C data 10 GND Connect to GND 11 GND Connect to GND 12 SCL 3 I I2C clock 13...

Страница 8: ...t to GND 16 GND Connect to GND 17 VCC I Main voltage supply 18 RESET_N I System reset active low Has to be low for at least 1 ms to trigger a reset 19 EXTINT 5 I External interrupt 20 GND Connect to G...

Страница 9: ...arlier u blox positioning receivers Users must adopt the con guration interface described in this document The con guration interface settings are stored in a database consisting of separate con gurat...

Страница 10: ...event For example the output message UBX NAV PVT position velocity and time solution is related to the navigation event which generates a navigation epoch In this case the rate for each navigation epo...

Страница 11: ...d Automotive Used for applications with equivalent dynamics to those of a passenger car Low vertical acceleration assumed At sea Recommended for applications at sea with zero vertical velocity Zero ve...

Страница 12: ...s for calculating a position the navigation algorithm uses a constant altitude to compensate for the missing fourth satellite When a satellite is lost after a successful 3D x min four satellites avail...

Страница 13: ...vailable in the UBX NAV PVT message headMot eld UBX NAV VELNED message heading eld NMEA RMC message cog eld and NMEA VTG message cogt eld If the low speed course over ground lter is not con gured then...

Страница 14: ...SAM M10Q Integration manual Figure 3 Position output in static hold mode Figure 4 Flowchart of static hold mode UBX 22020019 R01 2 Receiver functionality Page 14 of 72 C1 Public...

Страница 15: ...erating conditions low signal strength that is signal attenuation indicates possible degradation due to multi path The receiver trusts such signals less in order to preserve the quality of the positio...

Страница 16: ...iption 3 for a detailed description of the messages The most important SBAS feature for accuracy improvement is ionosphere correction The measured data from regional Ranging and Integrity Monitoring S...

Страница 17: ...ution using correction data to a standard position solution the reference frame of the output position will switch from that of the correction data to that of the standard position solution For an SBA...

Страница 18: ...ication over UART and I2C interfaces for communication with a host CPU Each protocol can be enabled on several interfaces at the same time with individual settings for for example baud rate message ra...

Страница 19: ...f the host and the capacitive load on the I2C lines additional external pull up resistors may be necessary The higher the speed and the capacitance load the lower the pull up resistor needs to be Most...

Страница 20: ...c low for write access are clocked onto the bus by the master transmitter The receiver answers with an acknowledge logic low to indicate that it recognizes the address Next the 8 bit address of the re...

Страница 21: ...If the master does not read data from the receiver for a certain timeout the receiver assumes that the communication is broken and stops the data stream preventing an over ow of the output bu er This...

Страница 22: ...2C interface with the CFG I2C ENABLED con guration key if I2C pins are used for antenna supervisor functions 2 3 3 1 RESET_N SAM M10Q provides a RESET_N pin to reset the receiver The RESET_N pin is an...

Страница 23: ...u er reaches the threshold the TX ready signal becomes active The signal stays active until all of the bytes in the bu er have been transferred The receiver has additional small transmit bu er for eac...

Страница 24: ...force the receiver to reset and clear data in order to see the e ects of maintaining losing such data between restarts For this purpose use the navBbrMask eld in the UBX CFG RST message to initiate h...

Страница 25: ...acking The acquisition engine actively searches for and acquires signals during cold starts or when insu cient signals are available during navigation The tracking engine continuously tracks and downl...

Страница 26: ...ion Tracking state The receiver continuously tracks and downloads data Less power consumption than in the Acquisition state POT state The receiver repeatedly loops through a sequence of tracking Track...

Страница 27: ...tes 2 6 2 3 Cyclic tracking Power save mode cyclic tracking PSMCT operation is described in Figure 11 PSMCT supports 1 Hz and 2 Hz navigation update rates In addition longer update periods from 2 s to...

Страница 28: ...tate Otherwise the receiver will re enter the Tracking state and stay there until the newly started ONTIME is over Entering the o state of the PSMOO operation clears the RAM memory including the recei...

Страница 29: ...mode on o PSMOO operation set the OPERATEMODE as the last PSM con guration key to prevent the receiver entering the o state before all intended PSM con guration keys are set Con g key Description OPER...

Страница 30: ...state if either a x is achieved or if the receiver estimates that any signals received are insu cient too weak or too few for a x to be possible MAXACQTIME This de nes the maximum time that the recei...

Страница 31: ...uate number of ephemerides are downloaded from tracked satellites 2 6 3 Backup modes A backup mode is an inactive state where the power consumption is reduced to a fraction of that in operating modes...

Страница 32: ...r local time is a mapping of the local 1 kHz reference onto a GNSS time base it may experience occasional discontinuities especially when the receiver rst starts up and the information it has about th...

Страница 33: ...GLONASS time UBX NAV TIMEGLO Galileo time UBX NAV TIMEGAL QZSS time UBX NAV TIMEQZSS UTC time UBX NAV TIMEUTC Table 13 GNSS time messages 2 7 3 Navigation epochs Each navigation solution is triggered...

Страница 34: ...d to use the iTOW eld for any other purpose The original designers of GPS chose to express time date as an integer week number starting with the rst full week in January 1980 and a time of week often...

Страница 35: ...s facilitates simple synchronization between associated UBX and NMEA messages The seventh eld is called nano and it contains the number of nanoseconds by which the rest of the time and date elds need...

Страница 36: ...additional methods to calculate the full week number Although BeiDou and Galileo have similar representations of time they still transmit su cient bits for the week number to be unambiguous for the f...

Страница 37: ...on group The UTC standard can be set in the CFG NAVSPG con guration group The delay gures de ned with CFG TP are also applied to the results output in the UBX TIM TM2 message A UBX TIM TM2 message is...

Страница 38: ...ature providing clock pulses with con gurable duration and frequency The time pulse function can be con gured using the CFG TP con guration group The UBX TIM TP message provides time information for t...

Страница 39: ...pplications it is recommended to calibrate the antenna cable delay against a reference timing source To get the best timing accuracy with the antenna a xed and accurate position is needed If relative...

Страница 40: ...s set to use another setting in locked mode pulse length ratio Length or duty cycle of the generated pulse speci es either time or ratio for the pulse to be on o pulse length ratio lock Length or duty...

Страница 41: ...rmance of the receiver restart Estimate of GNSS time can be maintained by a real time clock or it can be provided to the receiver by the host Estimate of the clock drift of the receiver local oscillat...

Страница 42: ...e accurate frequency from satellite transmissions A stable external reference frequency can be used to speed up receiver testing in production test setup The host system may also be able to provide th...

Страница 43: ...in one dimension for PL It is not speci ed as a horizontal 2D or 3D value The protection level values UBX NAV PL plPos1 2 3 are con dence intervals around the reported position for example UBX NAV PV...

Страница 44: ...ese cases must be checked Only if the PL is set to valid UBX NAV PL plPosValid the PL values UBX NAV PL plPos1 2 3 can be used and are reliable with respect to the target misleading information risk 2...

Страница 45: ...k to the receiver when it has been restarted See the description of the UBX MGA DBD messages in the SAM M10Q interface description 3 for more information 2 12 3 AssistNow o ine AssistNow O ine is a fe...

Страница 46: ...form key value key value key value The following rules apply The order of keys is not important Keys and values are case sensitive Keys and values must be separated by an equals character Key value pa...

Страница 47: ...r than none at all as this helps to lower the TTFF 2 12 3 3 Host based AssistNow O ine Host based AssistNow O ine involves AssistNow O ine data being stored until it is needed by the host system in wh...

Страница 48: ...the receiver The AssistNow Autonomous feature is disabled by default It can be enabled using the CFG ANA USE_ANA con guration item 2 12 4 1 Concept The gure below illustrates the AssistNow Autonomous...

Страница 49: ...tonomous feature The CFG ANA USE_ANA item is used to enable or disable the AssistNow Autonomous feature When enabled the receiver will automatically produce AssistNow Autonomous data for newly receive...

Страница 50: ...ding the ephemeris It is a statistical value that represents a certain expected upper limit based on a number of parameters A rough approximation that relates the maximum extension time to this settin...

Страница 51: ...te service uses these measurements and current assistance data to calculate the receiver position This data is then provided to the customer enterprise cloud for further use Power saving up to 90 is p...

Страница 52: ...uation the payload of a compact raw measurement message is empty The host application can wait until the payload contains data and only then switch o the receiver In the case of using UBX RXM MEASX th...

Страница 53: ...he current drawn at V_IO depends on the activity and loading of the PIOs and the main oscillator A power interruption at V_IO will erase the battery backed RAM BBR unless there is an external supply c...

Страница 54: ...l frequencies that are di erent from the GNSS carrier frequency The main sources are wireless communication systems such as LTE GSM CDMA WCDMA Wi Fi BT etc Typically these systems may emit their speci...

Страница 55: ...in u center with the view hold option selected The redish line represents the frozen spectrum before modifying the external gain while the black line represents the current measurement Figure 19 Spec...

Страница 56: ...t the radiation pattern The optimal radiation pattern is achieved with a 50 x 50 mm 2 ground plane A larger ground plane can be used but on a small ground plane the antenna gain and radiation e ciency...

Страница 57: ...violation may reduce receiver sensitivity or cause a complete loss of signal reception The severity of the interference depends on the repetition rate frequency signal level modulation and bandwidth o...

Страница 58: ...o tie separate ground plane areas together Figure 21 Example of recommended PCB layout top layer Note that all the GND pads can be connected to the GND plane with airgaps working as thermal reliefs du...

Страница 59: ...ermal conduction via the PCB The GND planes can conduct heat to other elements but they can act as heat dissipators as well Increasing the number of GND vias helps to decrease sudden temperature chang...

Страница 60: ...n manual Figure 23 SAM M10Q footprint and solder mask opening Figure 24 shows the paste mask dimensions for each pad Recommended stencil thickness is 120 m UBX 22020019 R01 3 Hardware integration Page...

Страница 61: ...se are only recommendations and not speci cations The exact geometry distances stencil thicknesses and solder paste volumes must be adapted to the customer s speci c production processes for example s...

Страница 62: ...r example patch antenna 10 pF coax cable 50 80 pF m or soldering iron To prevent electrostatic discharge through the RF input do not touch any exposed antenna area If there is any risk that such expos...

Страница 63: ...A as speci ed in the u blox Packaging information reference 4 4 2 2 Tapes Figure 25 shows the feed direction and illustrates the orientation of the components on the tape Figure 25 Orientation of the...

Страница 64: ...er Melting temperature 217 C Stencil The exact geometry distances stencil thicknesses and solder paste volumes must be adapted to the customer s speci c production processes Re ow soldering A convecti...

Страница 65: ...board etc Exceeding the maximum soldering temperature in the recommended soldering pro le may permanently damage the module Figure 27 Soldering pro le Modules must not be soldered with a damp heat pr...

Страница 66: ...lead to overheating and severely damage the module Always avoid overheating the module After the module is removed clean the pads before reapplying solder paste placing and re ow soldering a new modul...

Страница 67: ...mponent changes Improved out of band immunity SAFEBOOT_N TIMEPULSE The SAFEBOOT_N pin is internally connected to TIMEPULSE pin through a 1 k series resistor Do not drive the TIMEPULSE pin low at start...

Страница 68: ...con guration messages Altitude limit The maximum altitude limit increased to 80 000 m Features AssistNow Simultaneous operation of AssistNow Online O ine and Autonomous New AssistNow O ine data downlo...

Страница 69: ...or a SAM M10Q typical design VCC and V_IO are connected together to a single supply as shown in Figure 28 V_BCKP supply is optional If present the hardware backup mode is supported This mode maintains...

Страница 70: ...22001426 3 u blox M10 SPG 5 10 Interface description UBX 21035062 4 u blox Packaging information reference UBX 14001652 For regular updates to u blox documentation and to receive product change noti...

Страница 71: ...n manual Revision history Revision Date Name Status comments R01 29 Aug 2022 jesk rmak imar msul Initial release Product status is available in the data sheet 1 UBX 22020019 R01 Revision history Page...

Страница 72: ...SAM M10Q Integration manual Contact For further support and contact information visit us at www u blox com support UBX 22020019 R01 Page 72 of 72 C1 Public...

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