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NEO-D9C - Integration manual

Appendix

A Stacked patch antenna

A typical low cost L1 + L2 + L6 antenna is based on a stacked patch antenna design. This consists
of two discrete ceramic patch elements with an L1 patch above an L2/L6 patch.

Figure 40: Stacked patch antenna

The absolute antenna position for a survey-grade antenna is normally given as the antenna
reference point (ARP), usually speciﬁed at a mechanical mounting point. The antenna nominal phase
center is given by a phase center combination of the L1 and L2/L6 patches. Survey-grade antenna
makers provide oﬀset data for phase variation with respect to the ARP.

Figure 41: Ceramic stack

When used in an automotive application, the antenna placement can aﬀect the phase center
variation owing to the size and shape of the ground plane coupled with the eﬀects of the adjacent
structures. A phase center variation calibration is required to check the actual antenna position. A

UBX-21031631 - R02

Appendix

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Содержание NEO-D9C

Страница 1: ...blox D9 QZSS correction service receiver Integration manual Abstract This document describes the features and speciﬁcations of the NEO D9C QZSS correction service receiver www u blox com UBX 21031631 R02 C1 Public ...

Страница 2: ...e products names logos and designs included in this document Copying reproduction modiﬁcation or disclosure to third parties of this document or any part thereof is only permitted with the express written permission of u blox The information contained herein is provided as is and u blox assumes no liability for its use No warranty either express or implied is given including but not limited to wit...

Страница 3: ...erface 19 3 2 4 USB interface 20 3 3 Predeﬁned PIOs 21 3 3 1 D_SEL 21 3 3 2 RESET_N 21 3 3 3 SAFEBOOT_N 21 3 3 4 Extended TX timeout 22 3 4 Security 22 3 4 1 Receiver status monitoring 22 3 5 Forcing a receiver reset 22 3 6 Firmware upload 22 4 Design 24 4 1 Pin assignment 24 4 2 Antenna 25 4 2 1 Antenna bias 27 4 3 Power supply 30 4 3 1 VCC Main supply voltage 30 4 3 2 NEO D9C power supply 30 4 4...

Страница 4: ...ations 39 4 8 2 RF front end circuit options 39 4 8 3 Antenna RF input 40 4 8 4 Ground pads 41 4 8 5 Schematic design 41 4 8 6 Layout design in guideline 41 5 Product handling 42 5 1 ESD handling precautions 42 5 2 Soldering 42 5 3 Tapes 45 5 4 Reels 46 5 5 Moisture sensitivity levels 46 Appendix 48 A Stacked patch antenna 48 B Glossary 49 Related documents 51 Revision history 52 ...

Страница 5: ...ant source of information on all aspects of NEO D9C QZSS correction service receiver The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for a successful integration of the receiver with the customer s end product UBX 21031631 R02 1 Integration manual overview Page 5 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 6: ... available on satellites in a Quasi Zenith Orbit over the Asia Paciﬁc region and in geosynchronous orbit above Indonesia The QZSS L6 is a signal for augmentation corrections It is transmitted at a frequency of 1278 75 MHz in the L6 E6 band This signal provides two systems for corrections CLAS Centimetre Level Augmentation Service MADOCA Multi GNSS Advanced Demonstration Tool for Orbit and Clock An...

Страница 7: ...verage of the L2C band and the L6 band Any RF circuitry on the PCB must be designed to consider this Figure 3 QZSS satellite image QZSS Japan The QZSS performance standard speciﬁcation PS QZSS 001 and interface speciﬁcation for QZSS L6 IS QZSS L6 001 is available from the QZSS http qzss go jp en technical ps is qzss ps is qzss html The MADOCA L6E message speciﬁcation can be found on the GPAS http ...

Страница 8: ...cessary RF and baseband processing to enable multi constellation operation The block diagram below shows the key functionality 2 2 1 Block diagram Figure 4 NEO D9C block diagram An active antenna is mandatory with the NEO D9C UBX 21031631 R02 2 System description Page 8 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 9: ...the Generation 9 Conﬁguration View Advanced Conﬁguration view The UBX messages available to change or poll the conﬁgurations are the UBX CFG VALSET UBX CFG VALGET and UBX CFG VALDEL messages For more information about these messages and the conﬁguration keys see the conﬁguration interface section in the applicable interface description 2 3 1 1 Changing the receiver conﬁguration The conﬁguration me...

Страница 10: ...value is zero then the corresponding message will not be output Values greater than zero indicate how often the message is output For periodic output messages the rate relates to the event the message is related to If the rate of this message is set to one 1 it will be output for every epoch If the rate is set to two 2 it will be output every other epoch The rates of the output messages are indivi...

Страница 11: ...age streams can be provided If using two QZSS satellites to provide the L6 message data only one message stream from each can be the output in the RXM QZSSL6 message Figure 5 Maximum number of QZSS sats that can be tracked As shown below a single QZSS satellite will provide both the L6D and L6E messages Satellite QZSS 1 Block 1 only transmits the L6D message If manually selected or automatically s...

Страница 12: ...D or L6E message Only a maximum of two satellites can be used to provide the L6 messages Figure 7 QZSS L6 double satellite messages The required QZSS L6 satellite ID and message can be selected using the following conﬁguration keys CFG QZSS L6_SVIDA CFG QZSS L6_SVIDB UBX 21031631 R02 3 Receiver functionality Page 12 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 13: ...D F9x and sent into the NEO D9C are UBX NAV PVT UBX NAV TIMEGPS UBX RXM SFRBX No other UBX NMEA messages should be sent into the NEO D9C If the ZED F9x and the NEO D9C are directly connected by UART only the three indicated messages should be enabled on the ZED F9x output interface No NMEA messages should be enabled The USB interfaces of the ZED F9x and NEO D9C can be used as host interface If the...

Страница 14: ...UBX RXM QZSSL6 message This message can contain both the L6D and L6E service data if required 3 2 Communication interfaces u blox receivers are equipped with a communication interface which is multi protocol capable The interface ports can be used to transmit GNSS measurements monitor status information and conﬁgure the receiver A protocol e g UBX NMEA can be assigned to several ports simultaneous...

Страница 15: ...ration monitoring and control UART2 may be used to provide correction data directly to a high precision GNSS receiver from the u blox F9 platform To check whether a speciﬁc u blox F9 product supports correction data output by the NEO D9C refer to its Integration manual The UART RX interface will be disabled when more than 100 frame errors are detected during a one second period This can happen if ...

Страница 16: ...0 kb s The SCL and SDA pins have internal pull up resistors which should be suﬃcient for most applications However depending on the speed of the host and the load on the I2C lines additional external pull up resistors may be necessary To use the I2C interface D_SEL pin must be left open In designs where the host uses the same I2C bus to communicate with more than one u blox receiver the I2C slave ...

Страница 17: ...rom the master the 7 bit device address and the RW bit which is a logic low for write access are clocked onto the bus by the master transmitter The receiver answers with an acknowledge logic low to indicate that it recognizes the address Next the 8 bit address of the register to be read must be written to the bus Following the receiver s acknowledgment the master again triggers a start condition a...

Страница 18: ...ess The receiver does not provide any write access except for writing UBX and NMEA messages to the receiver such as conﬁguration or aiding data Therefore the register set mentioned in the section Read access is not writeable Following the start condition from the master the 7 bit device address and the RW bit which is a logic low for write access are clocked onto the bus by the master transmitter ...

Страница 19: ... To prevent the receiver from being busy parsing incoming data the parsing process is stopped after 50 subsequent bytes containing 0xFF The parsing process is re enabled with the ﬁrst byte not equal to 0xFF If the receiver has no more data to send it sets MISO to logic high i e all bytes transmitted decode to 0xFF An eﬃcient parser in the host will ignore all 0xFF bytes which are not part of a mes...

Страница 20: ...ted to a USB host USB suspend mode is not supported USB bus powered mode is not supported It is important to connect V_USB to ground and leave data lines open when the USB interface is not used in an application The voltage range for V_USB is speciﬁed from 3 0 V to 3 6 V which diﬀers slightly from the speciﬁcation for VCC The boot screen is retransmitted on the USB port after enumeration However m...

Страница 21: ...DA 19 SPI_CLK I2C SCL Table 4 D_SEL conﬁguration 3 3 2 RESET_N The NEO D9C provides the ability to reset the receiver The RESET_N pin is an input only pin with an internal pull up resistor Driving RESET_N low for at least 100 ms will trigger a cold start The RESET_N pin will delete all information and trigger a cold start It should only be used as a recovery option 3 3 3 SAFEBOOT_N The NEO D9C pro...

Страница 22: ...satellite system speciﬁc info The main purposes are Hardware and software versions using UBX MON VER 3 5 Forcing a receiver reset The NEO D9C is not a GNSS receiver and does not operate to the same principles as a standard GNSS However it does support the standard UBX CFG RST command Data stored in ﬂash memory is not cleared by any of the options provided by UBX CFG RST The resetMode must be speci...

Страница 23: ...NEO D9C Integration manual Contact u blox for more information on ﬁrmware update UBX 21031631 R02 3 Receiver functionality Page 23 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 24: ...ved ANT_OFF ANT_DETECT ANT_SHORT_N are not available Figure 17 NEO D9C pin assignment Pin no Name I O Description 1 SAFEBOOT_N I SAFEBOOT_N used for FW updates and reconﬁguration leave open 2 D_SEL I UART 1 SPI select open or high UART 1 3 TXD2 O UART 2 TXD 4 RXD2 I UART 2 RXD 5 USB_DM I O USB data DM 6 USB_DP I O USB data DP 7 V_USB I USB supply 8 RESET_N I RESET active low 9 VCC_RF O External LN...

Страница 25: ...ion The NEO D9C needs to receive L2 and L6 signals in order to operate A combined L1 L2 L6 active antenna is recommended if used with a ZED F9x If a combined L1 L2 L6 active antenna needs to be implemented in an application case it is recommended that an OEM active antenna module is used that meets our speciﬁcation It is not a simple task to implement the required RF circuitry Sourcing the require...

Страница 26: ...the NEO D9C refer to its Integration manual An active antenna is required to provide suﬃcient low noise gain and ensure any cable loss does not inpact the antenna noise ﬁgure The complexity and type of RF components of this front end will be dependent on the end requirements such as Automotive for example A relatively high LNA gain provided from the active antenna will make the RF front end design...

Страница 27: ... budget If the supply voltage of the NEO D9C module matches the supply voltage of the antenna e g 3 0 V you can use the ﬁltered supply voltage VCC_RF output to supply the antenna However a current limiting resistor is required to prevent against short circuits destroying the bias t inductor The bias t inductor must be chosen for multi band operation a value of 47 nH 5 is recommended for the recomm...

Страница 28: ...V with current limiting as described above An ESD protection diode should also be connected to the input as shown Figure 22 NEO D9C reference design for antenna bias L1 Murata LQG15HS47NJ02 0402 47 N 5 0 30 A 55 125 C D1 TYCO 0 25PF PESD0402 140 55 125C C3 Murata GRM155R61A104KA01 CER X5R 0402 100N 10 10V R2 RES THICK FILM CHIP 1206 10R 5 0 25W UBX 21031631 R02 4 Design Page 28 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 29: ...igher value resistor will be needed to ensure the module supply inductor is protected The current should be limited to below 150 mA at the module supply voltage under short circuit conditions In this case a value of 17 Ω or more is required at a module supply of 3 V to limit short circuit current to 150 mA The DC resistance of the bias t inductor is assumed to be 1 2 Ω and the module internal feed...

Страница 30: ... voltage noise due to dynamic current conditions For the NEO D9C module the equipment must be supplied by an external limited power source in compliance with the clause 2 5 of the standard IEC 60950 1 4 3 2 NEO D9C power supply The NEO D9C requires a low noise low dropout voltage and a very low source impedance power supply of 3 3 V typically No inductors or ferrite beads should be used from LDO t...

Страница 31: ... electromagnetic and voltage susceptibility issues Wireless systems include components which can produce Electrostatic Discharge ESD Electrical Overstress EOS and Electro Magnetic Interference EMI CMOS devices are more sensitive to such inﬂuences because their failure mechanism is deﬁned by the applied voltage whereas bipolar semiconductors are more susceptible to thermal overstress The following ...

Страница 32: ...rd IEC 60950 1 In addition to external limited power source only Separated or Safety Extra Low Voltage SELV circuits are to be connected to the module including interfaces and antennas For more information about SELV circuits see section 2 2 in Safety standard IEC 60950 1 4 6 Electromagnetic interference on I O lines Any I O signal line with a length greater than approximately 3 mm can act as an a...

Страница 33: ...e frequency band above 1 GHz is not well regulated with regards to EMI and even if permitted signal levels are much higher than signal power Notably all types of digital equipment such as PCs digital cameras LCD screens etc tend to emit a broad frequency spectrum up to several GHz of frequency Also wireless transmitters may generate spurious emissions that fall into band As an example GSM uses pow...

Страница 34: ...luding the antenna itself When deﬁning a GNSS receiver layout the placement of the antenna with respect to the receiver as well as grounding shielding and interference from other digital devices are crucial issues and need to be considered very carefully Signal loss on the RF connection from antenna to receiver input must be minimized as much as possible Hence the connection to the antenna must be...

Страница 35: ...e on your PCB as a copper pad size of 0 8 mm x 1 8 mm Solder mask for the same pad is 0 9 mm x 1 9 mm Paste mask for the same pad is 0 8 mm x 2 1 mm These are recommendations only and not speciﬁcations Consider the paste mask outline when deﬁning the minimal distance to the next component The exact copper solder and paste mask geometries distances stencil thickness and solder paste volumes must be...

Страница 36: ...er paste under the module and increase the volume outside of the module by deﬁning the dimensions of the paste mask to form a T shape or equivalent extending beyond the copper mask 4 7 4 Layout guidance The presented layout guidance reduces the risk of performance issues at design level 4 7 4 1 RF In trace The RF In trace has to work in the combined QZSS L2 L6 signal band UBX 21031631 R02 4 Design...

Страница 37: ...dth A grounded co planar RF trace is recommended as it provides the maximum shielding from noise with adequate vias to the ground layer Figure 33 Grounded co planar RF trace The RF trace must be shielded by vias to ground along the entire length of the trace and the NEO D9C RF_IN pad should be surrounded by vias as shown in the ﬁgure below UBX 21031631 R02 4 Design Page 37 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 38: ...e VCC pad for the NEO D9C QZSS correction service receiver needs to have as low an impedance as possible with large vias to the lower power layer of the PCB The VCC pad needs a large pad and the decoupling capacitor must be placed as close as possible This is shown in the ﬁgure below Figure 35 VCC pad UBX 21031631 R02 4 Design Page 38 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 39: ...ssing chain are crucial to the overall receiver performance When an RF input connector is employed this can provide a conduction path for harmful or destructive electrical signals If this is a likely factor the RF input should be protected accordingly Additional points on the RF input What is the expected quality of the signal source antenna What is the external active antenna signal power What is...

Страница 40: ...hat meets our requirements should be used if there is a need to integrate the antenna The noise ﬁgure should be around 2 dB for the antenna assembly itself Ensure active antenna gain is ideally between 30 40 dB gain and that an LNA gain of 20 dB reaches the module RF_IN pin Make sure the antenna is not placed close to noisy parts of the circuitry and does not face any other noisy elements for exam...

Страница 41: ...application Antenna bias is required see NEO D9C antenna bias section 4 8 6 Layout design in guideline Is the receiver placed away from heat sources Is the receiver placed away from air cooling sources Is the receiver shielded by a cover case to prevent the eﬀects of air currents and rapid environmental temperature changes Is the receiver placed as recommended in the Layout and Layout guidance Ass...

Страница 42: ... antenna area is touched in non ESD protected work area implement proper ESD protection measures in the design When soldering RF connectors and patch antennas to the receiver s RF pin make sure to use an ESD safe soldering iron tip 5 2 Soldering Soldering paste Use of no clean soldering paste is highly recommended as it does not require cleaning after the soldering process The paste in the example...

Страница 43: ...ove the liquidus temperature of 217 C Avoid a sudden rise in temperature as the slump of the paste could become worse Limit time above 217 C liquidus temperature 40 60 s Peak reﬂow temperature 245 C Cooling phase A controlled cooling prevents negative metallurgical eﬀects of the solder solder becomes more brittle and possible mechanical tensions in the products Controlled cooling helps to achieve ...

Страница 44: ...nently damage the module in particular the quartz oscillators The best approach is to use a no clean soldering paste and eliminate the cleaning step after the soldering Repeated reﬂow soldering Repeated reﬂow soldering processes or soldering the module upside down are not recommended A board that is populated with components on both sides may require more than one reﬂow soldering cycle In such a c...

Страница 45: ...oid the warranty Casting If casting is required use viscose or another type of silicon pottant The OEM is strongly advised to qualify such processes in combination with the module before implementing this in the production Casting will void the warranty Grounding metal covers Attempts to improve grounding by soldering ground cables wick or other forms of metal strips directly onto the EMI covers i...

Страница 46: ...D9C tape dimensions mm 5 4 Reels The NEO D9C receivers are deliverable in quantities of 250 pieces on a reel The receivers are shipped on reel type B as speciﬁed in the u blox Package Information Guide 3 5 5 Moisture sensitivity levels The moisture sensitivity level MSL for NEO D9C is speciﬁed in the table below UBX 21031631 R02 5 Product handling Page 46 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 47: ...MSL level For MSL standard see IPC JEDEC J STD 020 which can be downloaded from www jedec org For more information regarding moisture sensitivity levels labeling storage and drying see the u blox Package Information Guide 3 UBX 21031631 R02 5 Product handling Page 47 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 48: ...iﬁed at a mechanical mounting point The antenna nominal phase center is given by a phase center combination of the L1 and L2 L6 patches Survey grade antenna makers provide oﬀset data for phase variation with respect to the ARP Figure 41 Ceramic stack When used in an automotive application the antenna placement can aﬀect the phase center variation owing to the size and shape of the ground plane cou...

Страница 49: ...iew mirror or on the rear parcel shelf An L1 L2 L6 stacked patch antenna must have a good band pass performance from the patch elements with low attenuation from SAW band pass ﬁltering An example of the measured frequency characteristics of a low cost L1 L2 L6 antenna is shown below Figure 42 Low cost L1 L2 L6 antenna Band characteristics B Glossary Abbreviation Deﬁnition ANSI American National St...

Страница 50: ...vigation satellite system GND Ground GNSS Global navigation satellite system GPS Global Positioning System GSM Global System for Mobile Communications I2C Inter integrated circuit bus IEC International Electrotechnical Commission PCB Printed circuit board PMP Point to multipoint transmission QZSS Quasi Zenith Satellite System RF Radio frequency SV Space vehicle a satellite UBX u blox UBX 21031631 ...

Страница 51: ...0057098 2 QZS 1 01 Interface description UBX 21031777 3 Packaging information for u blox chips modules and antennas UBX 14001652 For regular updates to u blox documentation and to receive product change notiﬁcations please register on our homepage https www u blox com UBX 21031631 R02 Related documents Page 51 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 52: ...n manual Revision history Revision Date Name Status comments R01 27 Aug 2021 dbhu First issue of the document R02 16 Dec 2021 dama UART2 interface general update UBX 21031631 R02 Revision history Page 52 of 53 C1 Public ...

Страница 53: ...s u blox com E mail info_cn u blox com Support support_cn u blox com Regional Oﬃce China Chongqing Phone 86 23 6815 1588 E mail info_cn u blox com Support support_cn u blox com Regional Oﬃce China Shanghai Phone 86 21 6090 4832 E mail info_cn u blox com Support support_cn u blox com Regional Oﬃce China Shenzhen Phone 86 755 8627 1083 E mail info_cn u blox com Support support_cn u blox com Regional...

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