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NVIDIA Corporation

HAPTER

About NVIDIA RAID

RAID Arrays

This section describes the following types of RAID arrays that NVIDIA RAID supports:

•

RAID 0

RAID 0 defines a disk striping scheme that improves the disk read and write times for
many applications.

•

RAID 1

RAID 1 defines techniques for mirroring data.

•

RAID 0+1

RAID 0+1 combines the techniques used in RAID 0 and RAID 1 arrays.

•

Spanning (JBOD)

JBOD provides a method for combining drives of different sizes into one large disk.

Содержание NVRAID

Страница 1: ...ForceWare Software NVIDIA RAID User s Guide Version 2 0 A NVIDIA Corporation September 3 2004...

Страница 2: ...x Logo STB STB Systems and Design the STB Logo the StarBox Logo NVIDIA nForce GeForce NVIDIA Quadro NVDVD NVIDIA Personal Cinema NVIDIA Soundstorm Vanta TNT2 TNT RIVA RIVA TNT VOODOO VOODOO GRAPHICS W...

Страница 3: ...Up a Bootable NVIDIA RAID Array 22 Setup Used in This Section 22 Setting Up the BIOS 23 Configuring the NVIDIA RAID BIOS 25 Installing the RAID Drivers 31 Initializing and Using the Disk Array 33 3 Us...

Страница 4: ...Windows RAID Application 110 5 NVIDIA RAID Application Notes 111 Installing NVIDIA RAID on a New Windows XP Operating System 112 Problem 112 Solution 112 Windows 2000 Limitation with Bootable RAID 11...

Страница 5: ...s were divided into different categories or levels Originally RAID levels focused on improving resiliency or data availability As additional RAID levels were defined one was introduced for improving p...

Страница 6: ...following NVIDIA nForce versions nForce 4 nForce4 Ultra nForce4 SLI nForce3 Pro250 nForce3 250Gb nForce3 Ultra nForce3 250 nForce3 150 nForce2 MCP2S Operating System Support NVIDIA RAID supports the...

Страница 7: ...orts RAID 0 RAID 0 defines a disk striping scheme that improves the disk read and write times for many applications RAID 1 RAID 1 defines techniques for mirroring data RAID 0 1 RAID 0 1 combines the t...

Страница 8: ...ons to complicate the write operation This makes RAID 0 ideal for applications that require high bandwidth but do not require fault tolerance RAID 0 has the best performance and capacity of any RAID l...

Страница 9: ...to more expensive and less reliable media Figure 1 2 RAID 1 Array Diagram RAID 1 provides complete data redundancy but at the cost of doubling the required data storage capacity resulting in 50 capac...

Страница 10: ...0 and the fault tolerance of disk mirroring RAID 1 Data is striped across multiple drives and duplicated on another set of drives Summary of Features and Benefits Benefits Optimizes for both fault to...

Страница 11: ...is needed but it offers no speed improvement or fault tolerance Figure 1 4 JBOD Array Diagram Summary of Features and Benefits Benefits JBOD provides the ability to combine odd size drives using all...

Страница 12: ...ironment requiring fault tolerance 100 data redundancy Requires two drives for the storage space of one drive 2 Yes RAID 0 1 Critical data requiring high performance Optimized for both 100 data redund...

Страница 13: ...ootable mirrored RAID array RAID on Multiple Disk Controllers Unlike other RAID solutions that limits the user to a dedicated RAID controller NVIDIA RAID software can use a drive on one RAID controlle...

Страница 14: ...the event of a array failure Offers additional protection in case of a failure in a mirrored array Bootable RAID Supports the use of a RAID drive for loading the operating system at power up for optim...

Страница 15: ...eate the desired RAID array 3 Run the Windows nForce Setup application and install the RAID software 4 Initialize the NVRAID Array Disks See Initializing and Using the Disk Array on page 33 Bootable R...

Страница 16: ...s set to Master and the other set to Slave This example shows how to enable RAID 0 on the two hard disks RAID1 Two hard disks connected to the secondary IDE channel where one is set to Master and the...

Страница 17: ...word Save Exit Setup Exit Without Saving Esc Quit F10 Save Exit Setup Select Item Onboard IO IRQ DMA Assigment Phoenix Award BIOS CMOS Setup Utility Phoenix Award BIOS CMOS Setup Utility Move Enter Se...

Страница 18: ...0 1 array 5 Press F10 to save the configuration and exit The PC reboots 6 Enter the RAID BIOS Setup by pressing F10 when prompted and proceed to set up the NVIDIA RAID BIOS as described in the next se...

Страница 19: ...ears as part of the system POST and boot process prior to loading the OS You have a few seconds to press F10 before the window disappears 2 Press F10 The NVIDIA RAID Utility Define a New Array window...

Страница 20: ...ray Disks lists Figure 2 5 Loc Column Information In Figure 2 5 1 0 M means the hard drive is attached to Adapter 1 Channel 0 and the drive is set to Master The following is a list of all possible com...

Страница 21: ...mended to leave this value at the default Optimal which is 64KB but the values can be between 4 KB and 128 KB 4 8 16 32 64 and 128 KB Assigning the Disks The disks that you enabled from the RAID Confi...

Страница 22: ...er two disks have been assigned as RAID 1 array disks Figure 2 6 NVIDIA RAID Utility Array Disks Assigned NVIDIA RAID Utility Define a New Array Free Disks Loc Disk Model Name Array Disks Loc Disk Mod...

Страница 23: ...eview the RAID arrays that you have set up Figure 2 8 Array List Window NVIDIA RAID Utility Define a New Array RAID Mode Striping Block Free Disks Loc Disk Model Name Array Disks Loc Disk Model Name A...

Страница 24: ...s contents then press C 5 At the prompt press Y to wipe out all the data otherwise press N 6 Press Enter again to go back to the previous window and then press F10 to exit the RAID setup Now that the...

Страница 25: ...gram to open the NVIDIA Windows nForce Drivers page Figure 2 10 nForce Driver Installation Window 2 Select the modules that you want to install Make sure that the NVIDIA IDE Driver is selected You mus...

Страница 26: ...connected to the secondary IDE channel where one is set to Master and the other set to Slave A fresh copy of Windows XP will be installed on the 2 striped hard disks RAID 1 Two hard disks connected t...

Страница 27: ...timized Defaults Set Supervisor Password Set User Pasword Save Exit Setup Exit Without Saving Esc Quit F10 Save Exit Setup Select Item Onboard IO IRQ DMA Assigment Phoenix Award BIOS CMOS Setup Utilit...

Страница 28: ...ID0 1 array 6 Press F10 to save the configuration and exit The PC reboots 7 Enter the RAID BIOS Setup by pressing F10 when prompted and proceed to set up the NVIDIA RAID BIOS as described in the next...

Страница 29: ...system POST and boot process prior to loading of the OS You have a few seconds to press F10 before the screen disappears 2 Press F10 The NVIDIA RAID Utility Define a New Array screen appears Figure 2...

Страница 30: ...ay Disks lists Figure 2 15 Loc Column Information In Figure 2 15 1 0 M means the hard drive is attached to Adapter 1 Channel 0 and the drive is set to Master The following is a list of all possible co...

Страница 31: ...mended to leave this value at the default Optimal which is 64KB but the values can be between 4 KB and 128 KB 4 8 16 32 64 and 128 KB Assigning the Disks The disks that you enabled from the RAID Confi...

Страница 32: ...ter two disks have been assigned as RAID1 array disks Figure 2 16 NVIDIA RAID Utility Array Disks Assigned NVIDIA RAID Utility Define a New Array Free Disks Loc Disk Model Name Array Disks Loc Disk Mo...

Страница 33: ...eview the RAID arrays that you have set up Figure 2 18 Array List Window NVIDIA RAID Utility Define a New Array RAID Mode Striping Block Free Disks Loc Disk Model Name Array Disks Loc Disk Model Name...

Страница 34: ...such as Striping Block used RAID Mode Striping Width Disk Model Name and disk capacity 5 If you want to mark this disk as empty and wipe out all its contents press C 6 At the prompt press Y to wipe o...

Страница 35: ...r Currently Setup will load support for the following mass storage device s none To specify additional SCSI adapters CD ROM drives or special disk controllers for use with Windows including those for...

Страница 36: ...completely installed it is recommended that you install the ForceWare software in order to access NVRAIDMAN the RAID management tool Note Each time you add a new hard drive to a RAID array the RAID dr...

Страница 37: ...eady to be initialized under Windows 1 Launch Computer Management by clicking Start Settings Control Panel then open the Administrative Tools folder and double click on Computer Management 2 Click Dis...

Страница 38: ...nfiguration 3 Click Next The Select Disks to Initialize window appears Figure 2 24 Select Disks to Initialize Page The disks listed depend on how many arrays you have configured 4 Click Next The Selec...

Страница 39: ...r RAID Configuration 5 Check the disk in the list if you want to make the array a dynamic disk then click Next The Completing the Initialize and Convert Disk Wizard window appears Figure 2 26 Completi...

Страница 40: ...l disks listed will depend on your system In Figure 2 27 there is a 111 GB unallocated partition which is the total combined storage of two 60 GB HD You must format the unallocated disk space in order...

Страница 41: ...onfigurations View an array configuration mirrored striped mirrored striped JBOD or any supported combination Setting Up a Spare RAID Disk View free and or dedicated free disks Designate a free disk t...

Страница 42: ...g are examples of the information displayed for the various RAID levels While the details of your own configuration will likely vary from what is shown the examples serve to illustrate the basic diffe...

Страница 43: ...nformation NVIDIA RAID Mirrored Stripe Array Figure 3 4 shows an example of a four hard drive mirrored stripe array The total disk space used is 68 95 GB The total storage space is 68 95 GB because th...

Страница 44: ...R 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility NVIDIA RAID Mirrored Array and Striped Array Figure 3 6 shows an example of a two hard drive mirrored array as well as a two hard drive striped array Figure 3 6 NVRAIDM...

Страница 45: ...where one disk is used to boot the OS two hard drives are set up in a mirrored array and a fourth hard disk is set up as a free disk then if one of the mirrored array drives fails the free disk will...

Страница 46: ...ure that the drive that you want to mark as free is RAID enabled 2 Enter the RAID BIOS and make sure that the drive is not part of any array if one exists 3 Boot into Windows and run the NVRAIDMAN pro...

Страница 47: ...irrored arrays while two PATA drives are used as free disks Step 1 Mark the Disk as a Free Disk 1 Enter the system BIOS setup and make sure that the drive that you want to mark as free is RAID enabled...

Страница 48: ...PTER 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility 2 Select Designate Spare from the menu to launch the Spare Disk Allocation Wizard Figure 3 9 Spare Disk Allocation Wizard 3 Click Next The RAID Array Selection page...

Страница 49: ...e select one of the arrays from the list This is the array to which you want to allocate the dedicated free disk Note In Figure 3 10 there are two arrays available 5 Click Next The Completing the NVID...

Страница 50: ...ny of the two WD360GD drives to fail the ST380011A hard drive will take over and be used in the newly formed mirrored array Removing a Dedicated Disk Once a dedicated disk has been assigned to a parti...

Страница 51: ...nother and then the data is synchronized between the two hard drives This applies only to RAID 1 as well as a RAID 0 1 arrays Rebuilding Instructions After creating a mirrored array you can rebuild th...

Страница 52: ...CHAPTER 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility 2 Right click on Mirroring The popup menu appears Figure 3 15 Array Pop up Menu 3 From the popup menu click Rebuild Array The NVIDIA Rebuild Array Wizard appears...

Страница 53: ...ext The Disk Selection page appears Figure 3 17 Disk Selection Page 5 Select the drive that you want to rebuild by clicking it from the list then click Next The Completing the NVIDIA Rebuild Array pag...

Страница 54: ...m right corner of the screen as shown in Figure 3 19 Figure 3 19 Rebuild Bubble Message When the rebuilding process is finished you will see the pop up box shown inFigure 3 20 Figure 3 20 Rebuild Fini...

Страница 55: ...ilding does not apply to RAID 0 and JBOD arrays Rebuilding applies to a degraded fault tolerant array You can rebuild a degraded mirrored array using any available Free Disk or Dedicated Disk For exam...

Страница 56: ...Creating a Spanning Array In these examples the system is configured with four SATA hard disks Creating a Striped Array NVRAIDMAN can be used to create a striped array from one disk up to the maximum...

Страница 57: ...TER 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility 3 Create Array and the following screen will appear Figure 3 23 Create Array Wizard Welcome Screen 4 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 24...

Страница 58: ...ty 5 Click the RAID Mode list arrow and select Striping and leave the Stripe Size with its default value as shown in the following screen shot Figure 3 25 RAID Array Selection Striping 6 Click Next an...

Страница 59: ...set In this example the upper two disks were selected as shown in Figure 3 27 Figure 3 27 Free Disk Selection Page Selecting Disks To create a striped array with more disks select additional disks fr...

Страница 60: ...A disks has been created while the other two disks are allocated as Free Disks Similarly to create an array with three or more disks simply make sure to add the number of disks that you want to use in...

Страница 61: ...Data is written to both drives and if one drive fails then data can be recovered from the other drive To create a Mirrored Array do the following 1 Go to the system BIOS and make sure that the drives...

Страница 62: ...Version 2 0 A CHAPTER 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility 3 Click Next and the following screen will appear Figure 3 31 RAID Array Selection Page 4 Click Next and the following screen will appear Figure 3...

Страница 63: ...two drives that you want to use in the Mirrored array In this example the upper two disks were selected as shown in Figure 3 33 Figure 3 33 Free Disk Selection Page Selecting Disks 6 Click Next and th...

Страница 64: ...preserve Do not select a disk if you do not want to rebuild the array at this time 8 Click Next and the following screen shot appears Figure 3 35 Completing the NVIDIA Create Array Wizard Page 9 Click...

Страница 65: ...h requires at least four disks to start such an array To create a Stripe Mirror Array do the following 1 Go to the system BIOS and make sure that the drives that you want to use are RAID enabled 2 Boo...

Страница 66: ...3 Click on Next and the following screen will appear Figure 3 38 RAID Array Selection 4 Click on RAID Mode and select Stripe Mirroring while leaving the Stripe Size set to its default value as shown...

Страница 67: ...following screen will appear Figure 3 40 Free Disk Selection Page 6 Select the four drives that you want to use in the Stripe Mirroring array In this example all of the drives are selected as shown i...

Страница 68: ...Utility 7 Click Next and the following screen shot will eventually appear Figure 3 42 Completing the NVIDIA Create Array Wizard Page 8 Click Finish and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3...

Страница 69: ...ires at least one disk to start such an array To create a Spanning Array do the following 1 Go to the system BIOS and make sure that the drives that you want to use are RAID enabled 2 Boot to Windows...

Страница 70: ...3 Click Next and the following screen will appear Figure 3 45 RAID Array Selection Page 4 Click the RAID Mode list arrow and select Spanning while leaving the Stripe Size set to its default value as s...

Страница 71: ...e following screen shot will appear Figure 3 47 Free Disk Selection Page 6 Select the two drives that you want to use in the Spanned array In this example the upper two disks were selected as shown in...

Страница 72: ...NVRAIDMAN Utility 7 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 49 Completing the NVIDIA Create Array Wizard Page 8 Click Finish and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 5...

Страница 73: ...ay do the following 1 Launch the NVRAIDMAN application and right click on the RAID array that you want to delete assuming that you have a RAID array already created as shown in the following screen sh...

Страница 74: ...g the NVRAIDMAN Utility After the Delete Array has been selected the following screen shot appear Figure 3 52 Delete Array Wizard Welcome Page 2 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Fi...

Страница 75: ...e NVRAIDMAN Utility 3 Click Finish and the array will be deleted and the following screen shot will appear showing all the free disks Figure 3 54 RAID Array Deleted A similar process can be applied to...

Страница 76: ...r array to another with a one step process called Morphing This section describes the NVIDIA Morphing process and explains how to use Morphing to convert from one RAID array type to another General Mo...

Страница 77: ...ginal array RAID 1 m 2 n 1 RAID 1 array must include two disks converted from a one disk RAID 0 array RAID 0 1 m 2 x n Number of RAID 0 1 disks must be equal to or greater than twice the number of RAI...

Страница 78: ...AID 1 to RAID 0 1 on page 92 Morphing from RAID 0 1 to RAID 0 on page 97 Morphing from RAID 0 1 to RAID 0 1 on page 101 Morphing from RAID 0 to RAID 0 Adding a Disk to a Stripe Set The following examp...

Страница 79: ...from a two disk RAID 0 into a three disk RAID 0 array 3 Right click on the newly created striped array or existing striped array and a select Convert Array as shown from the following screen shot Figu...

Страница 80: ...ion 2 0 A CHAPTER 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility 5 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 58 RAID Mode Selection Page 6 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figur...

Страница 81: ...g one disk which is the upper disk to the existing two disk striped array So select the first disk and click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 60 Completing the NVIDIA Convert Ar...

Страница 82: ...Example In the example above we started with an identical two disk each disk had a size of 34 48 GB striped array that had a total disk space of 68 95 GB We then added a 69 25 GB disk to this array a...

Страница 83: ...that you want to use are RAID enabled 2 Boot to Windows launch the NVRAIDMAN application then follow the steps outlined in Creating a Striped Array on page 52 with the exception that you need to sele...

Страница 84: ...APTER 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility After selecting Convert Array the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 64 Convert Array Wizard Welcome Screen 4 Click Next and the following screen shot will...

Страница 85: ...AIDMAN Utility 5 For the New RAID Mode entry select Mirror as shown in the following screen shot Figure 3 66 RAID Mode Selection Page Selecting Mirroring 6 Click Next and the following screen shot wil...

Страница 86: ...ed RAID Array The Morphing Process As soon as the new three disk striped array has been created a pop up window similar to the following will appear followed by the following pop up window It will tak...

Страница 87: ...at you want to use are RAID enabled 2 Boot to Windows launch the NVRAIDMAN application then follow the steps outlined in Creating a Striped Array on page 52 to create a two disk striped array When tha...

Страница 88: ...the newly created striped array or existing striped array and a select Convert Array as shown from the following screen shot Figure 3 70 Selecting Convert Array from the Pop Up Menu After selecting Co...

Страница 89: ...N Utility 4 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 72 RAID Mode Selection Page 5 Change the New RAID Mode to Stripe Mirroring as shown in the following screen shot Figure 3 73 R...

Страница 90: ...74 Free Disk Selection Page 7 Select the two disks that you want to add to the new stripe mirror array In this example we are adding two disks which are both of the upper disks to the existing two di...

Страница 91: ...The Morphing Process As soon as the new four disk mirrored stripe array has been created a pop up window similar to the following will appear followed by the following pop up window It will take some...

Страница 92: ...drives that you want to use are RAID enabled 2 Boot to Windows and launch the NVRAIDMAN application then follow the steps outlined in Creating a Mirrored Array on page 57 to create a two disk mirror a...

Страница 93: ...Right click on Mirroring and select Convert Array as shown in the following screen shot Figure 3 78 Selecting Convert Array from the Pop Up Menu 4 After selecting Convert Array the following screen sh...

Страница 94: ...ion 2 0 A CHAPTER 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility 5 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 80 RAID Mode Selection Page 6 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figur...

Страница 95: ...select any additional disks since we are simply convert the existing two disk mirrored array into a two disk striped array 8 Click on Striping and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 82 Ne...

Страница 96: ...e drives that you want to use are RAID enabled 2 Boot to Windows launch the NVRAIDMAN application then follow the steps outlined in Creating a Mirrored Array on page 57 to create a two disk mirrored a...

Страница 97: ...Right click on Mirroring and select Convert Array as shown in the following screen shot Figure 3 84 Selecting Convert Array from the Pop Up Menu 4 After selecting Convert Array the following screen sh...

Страница 98: ...RAIDMAN Utility 5 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 86 RAID Mode Selection Page 6 From the New RAID Mode entry select Stripe Mirroring as shown in the following screen shot...

Страница 99: ...y 7 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 88 Free Disk Selection Page 8 Select both of the disks and click Next then click Finish 9 Click on Stripe Mirroring and the following...

Страница 100: ...array has been created a pop up window similar to the following will appear followed by the following pop up window It will take some time before the entire process is completed The time it takes to...

Страница 101: ...to use are RAID enabled 2 Boot to Windows launch the NVRAIDMAN application then follow the steps outlined in Creating a Stripe Mirroring Array on page 61 to create a four disk mirrored stripe array W...

Страница 102: ...ity 3 Right click on Stripe Mirroring and select Convert Array as shown in the following screen shot Figure 3 91 Selecting Convert Array from the Pop Up Menu 4 After selecting Convert Array the follow...

Страница 103: ...DMAN Utility 5 Click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 93 RAID Mode Selection Page 6 From the New RAID Mode entry select Striping as shown in the following screen shot Figure 3 9...

Страница 104: ...New Morphed RAID Array The Morphing Process As soon as the new four disk striped array has been created a pop up window similar to the following will appear It will take some time before the entire pr...

Страница 105: ...tem has six free RAID enabled disks 1 Goto the system BIOS and make sure that the drives that you want to use are RAID enabled 2 Boot to Windows launch the NVRAIDMAN application then follow the steps...

Страница 106: ...lity 3 Right click on Stripe Mirroring and select Convert Array as shown in the following screen shot Figure 3 97 Selecting Convert Array from the Pop Up Menu 4 After selecting Convert Array the follo...

Страница 107: ...een shot will appear Figure 3 99 RAID Mode Selection Page 6 From the New RAID Mode entry select Stripe Mirror then click Next and the following screen shot will appear Figure 3 100 Free Disk Selection...

Страница 108: ...structs the user as to when a drive can be safely added to the system As soon as the drive is added the user can then finish running the RAID wizard and the drive becomes usable by the system Hot Plug...

Страница 109: ...he following screen shot will appear Figure 3 102 Hard Disk Insertion Screen 3 Connect the RAID disk that you want to use with any given RAID array 4 Click Next and the following screen shot will appe...

Страница 110: ...106 NVIDIA RAID User s Guide Version 2 0 A CHAPTER 3 Using the NVRAIDMAN Utility...

Страница 111: ...ndent Disks and refers to the grouping of 2 or more disk drives that the system views as a single drive Different groupings have difference advantages that include better performance and data fault to...

Страница 112: ...drives Ideal configuration is achieved using drives of identical size How do I configure a multiple array system Two different arrays can be configured and active at the same time For example a mirror...

Страница 113: ...es BBS stand for in the RAID ROM F10 setup BBS stands for BIOS Boot Specification This indicates that the boot device is defined in the BIOS What does Clear Disk mean in the RAID ROM Setup Clear Disk...

Страница 114: ...Yes a dedicated disk can be removed from a RAID 1 or a RAID 0 1 array Windows RAID Application What functions can be performed using the NVRAIDMAN application The following tasks can be performed View...

Страница 115: ...on page 112 describes how to create a floppy disk to install NVIDIA RAID on a fresh Windows operating system Windows 2000 Limitation with Bootable RAID on page 113 describes how to create a bootable...

Страница 116: ...ce driver directory IDE WinXP or Win2K onto a formatted floppy disk Disk1 Txtsetup oem Nvraid sys NvAtaBus sys 2 Go into the BIOS setup menu and enable RAID a In the BIOS menu specify which disks shou...

Страница 117: ...2000 on a selected hard drive 2 Download and install Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 from Microsoft s website 3 Reboot the system 4 Press the DEL key as the system is rebooting to enter into the system B...

Страница 118: ...2 Select the desired type of RAID array you want to convert 23 Select Next You are prompted to select the desired Free Disk s to add to the bootable RAID array 24 Click Finish At this point NVRAID sta...

Страница 119: ...upgrading Windows 2000 with Service Pack 4 Solution In order to upgrade Windows 2000 with Service Pack 4 1 Install Windows 2000 on a selected hard drive 2 Download and install Windows 2000 Service Pa...

Страница 120: ...to rely on Extended INT13 to access the disk To set GHOST to use Extended Interrupt 13h INT13 access a Start GHOST from the DOS prompt Not the Windows Command Prompt session b Select the Options ALT...

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