TRENDnet PoE Web Smart Switch Series Скачать руководство пользователя страница 119 | Manualshive

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TRENDnet PoE Web Smart Switch Series Скачать руководство пользователя страница 119

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101

TRENDnet User’s Guide

PoE Web Smart Switch Series

3. Next to Select File, depending on your web browser, click on Browse or Choose File.

4. A separate file navigation window should open.

5. Select the switch configuration file to restore and click Restore. (Default Filename:

config.bin). If prompted, click Yes or OK.

6. Wait for the switch to restore settings.

Backup/Restore via TFTP Settings

Note: Before using this method, you will require a TFTP server. There are third party
TFTP server applications available for this function. If you are not familiar with the TFTP
protocol, it is recommended to use the HTTP method.

To backup your switch configuration:

1. Log into your switch management page (see “

Access your switch management page

on page 5).

2. Click on Tools, click on Configuration and click on Backup/Restore, under via TFTP.

3. Make sure your TFTP server is running and note the IP address of your server and
firmware file name. The TFTP server should be in the same IP subnet as the switch.

4. Review the settings. Click Backup to save the configuration file (config.bin) to your
local hard drive on your TFTP server root directory.



TFTP Server IP: Enter the IP address of your TFTP server.



Config File – Select the configuration. Startup-config refers to the configuration
that was used to startup this switch.



Config File Name: Enter the configuration file name for the backup. (Default:
config.bin)

To restore your switch configuration:

1. Log into your switch management page (see “

Access your switch management page

on page 5).

2. Click on Tools, click on Configuration and click on Backup/Restore, under via TFTP.

3. Make sure your TFTP server is running and note the IP address of your server and
configuration file name. The TFTP server should be in the same IP subnet as the switch.

Note: It is recommended to put the configuration file (config.bin) is placed in your TFTP
server root directory.

4. Review the settings. Click Restore to restore the switch configuration file (config.bin)
from your local hard drive from your TFTP server root directory.



TFTP Server IP: Enter the IP address of your TFTP server.



Config File – Select the configuration. Startup-config refers to the configuration
that was used to startup this switch.



Config File Name: Enter the configuration file name to restore. (Default:
config.bin)

5. Wait for the switch to restore settings.

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Содержание PoE Web Smart Switch Series

Страница 1: ...TRENDnet User s Guide Cover Page ...

Страница 2: ...ng the firmware upgrade procedure Contents PoE Web Smart Switch Series Product Overview i TPE 082WS Overview i Package Contents i TPE 082WS Hardware Features i TPE 1620WS v2 TPE 1620WSF Overview iii Package Contents iii TPE 1620WS TPE 1620WSF Hardware Features iii TPE 2840WS v2 Overview v Package Contents v TPE 2840WS Hardware Features v TPE 5028WS Overview vii Package Contents vii TPE 5028WS Hard...

Страница 3: ...imeout settings 17 System Time 17 Set the switch date and time 17 SSL 19 Enable HTTPS SSL Secure Socket Layer management access 19 SSH 20 Enable SSH Secure Shell management access 20 Telnet 21 Enable Telnet management access 21 DHCP Auto Configuration 22 Enable DHCP Auto Configuration 22 System Log 23 View and setup your switch logging 23 SNMP 24 Settings 24 View 25 Group 26 User 27 Community 28 T...

Страница 4: ...ess Settings 57 Multicast Filtering 58 Multicast Filtering 58 Bandwidth Control 58 Storm Control 58 Ingress Rate Limiting 59 Egress Rate Limiting 59 VLAN 60 Tagged 60 Port 61 Forwarding 62 Dynamic 62 Private 63 Current 64 GVRP 64 GVRP Global Settings 64 Port Settings 65 Time Settings 66 Voice VLAN 67 Settings 68 OUI 69 LLDP 70 Enable and configure LLDP 70 Settings 70 Basic TLVs Settings 72 Dot1 TL...

Страница 5: ...tion MAC Filter 87 Denial of Service 88 Denial of Service DoS 88 DHCP Snooping 89 Settings 89 VLAN 90 Interfaces 91 Binding 92 Dynamic ARP Inspection 93 Settings 93 ARP Inspection Validation 93 ARP Inspection Port Settings 94 ARP Inspection VLAN 94 ARP Inspection Statistics 95 ARP Inspection VLAN 95 ACL 96 ACL Configuration Wizard 96 Access Profile List 97 ACL Finder 98 Tools 99 Firmware Upgrade 9...

Страница 6: ...ble of Contents e Launching the Utility 106 Discovery List 107 Monitor List 107 Device Setting 108 Main Menu Options 109 Hardware Features and Specifications 110 Web Smart Switch Series Software Specifications 112 Quick Installation GuideTroubleshooting 114 Appendix 115 ...

Страница 7: ...r or reseller distributor from which the product was purchased TPE 082WS Hardware Features Front View Rear View Reset Button Press and hold the button 1 5 seconds and release to reboot the device Pressing the button more than 6 seconds will reset the switch to factory defaults The ports LEDs will turn off to indicate that the reset was initiated Mode Button Press the mode button to change LED indi...

Страница 8: ... at 1Gbps speed Amber Blinking When the LED is blinking amber the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 10 100Mbps speed Off When the LED is off the respective port is disconnected Gigabit Ethernet Port PoE LEDs 1 8 PoE LED button Mode Green on When the Green LED is on the connected device is receiving power Amber on When the Amber LED lights on the connected PoE device is not r...

Страница 9: ...atures Front View Rear View Reset Button Press and hold the button 1 5 seconds and release to reboot the device Pressing the button more than 6 seconds will reset the switch to factory defaults The ports LEDs will turn off to indicate that the reset was initiated Mode Button Press the mode button to change LED indicators to display Link Activity Mode or PoE Mode PoE Gigabit Ports 1 16 Connect netw...

Страница 10: ...he LED is blinking green the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 1Gbps speed Amber Blinking When the LED is blinking amber the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 10 100Mbps speed Off When the LED is off the respective port is disconnected Gigabit Ethernet PoE Port LEDs 1 16 PoE LED button Mode Green on When the Green LED is on the connected device is rece...

Страница 11: ...View Rear View Reset Button Press and hold the button 1 5 seconds and release to reboot the device Pressing the button more than 6 seconds will reset the switch to factory defaults The ports LEDs will turn off to indicate that the reset was initiated Mode Button Press the mode button to change LED indicators to display Link Activity Mode or PoE Mode PoE Gigabit Ports 1 24 Connect network PoE or no...

Страница 12: ... the LED is blinking green the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 1Gbps speed Amber Blinking When the LED is blinking amber the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 10 100Mbps speed Off When the LED is off the respective port is disconnected Gigabit Ethernet PoE Port LEDs 1 24 PoE LED button Mode Green on When the Green LED is on the connected device is re...

Страница 13: ...View Rear View Reset Button Press and hold the button 1 5 seconds and release to reboot the device Pressing the button more than 6 seconds will reset the switch to factory defaults The ports LEDs will turn off to indicate that the reset was initiated Mode Button Press the mode button to change LED indicators to display Link Activity Mode or PoE Mode PoE Gigabit Ports 1 24 Connect network PoE or no...

Страница 14: ...n the LED is blinking green the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 1Gbps speed Amber Blinking When the LED is blinking amber the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 10 100Mbps speed Off When the LED is off the respective port is disconnected Gigabit Ethernet PoE Port LEDs 1 24 PoE LED button Mode Green on When the Green LED is on the connected device is r...

Страница 15: ...iew Rear View Reset Button Press and hold the button 1 5 seconds and release to reboot the device Pressing the button more than 6 seconds will reset the switch to factory defaults The ports LEDs will turn off to indicate that the reset was initiated Mode Button Press the mode button to change LED indicators to display Link Activity Mode or PoE Mode PoE Gigabit Ports 1 48 Connect network PoE or non...

Страница 16: ... the LED is blinking green the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 1Gbps speed Amber Blinking When the LED is blinking amber the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 10 100Mbps speed Off When the LED is off the respective port is disconnected Gigabit Ethernet PoE Port LEDs 1 48 PoE LED button Mode Green on When the Green LED is on the connected device is re...

Страница 17: ...iew Rear View Reset Button Press and hold the button 1 5 seconds and release to reboot the device Pressing the button more than 6 seconds will reset the switch to factory defaults The ports LEDs will turn off to indicate that the reset was initiated Mode Button Press the mode button to change LED indicators to display Link Activity Mode or PoE Mode PoE Gigabit Ports 1 48 Connect network PoE or non...

Страница 18: ...n the LED is blinking green the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 1Gbps speed Amber Blinking When the LED is blinking amber the port is transmitting or receiving data on the network at 10 100Mbps speed Off When the LED is off the respective port is disconnected Gigabit Ethernet PoE Port LEDs 1 48 PoE LED button Mode Green on When the Green LED is on the connected device is r...

Страница 19: ...for ventilation Install the Switch on a sturdy level surface that can support its weight or in an EIA standard size equipment rack For information on rack installation see the next section Rack Mounting When installing the Switch on a level surface attach the rubber feet to the bottom of each device The rubber feet cushion the hub and protect the hub case from scratching Rack Mount Hardware Instal...

Страница 20: ... 168 10 x e g 192 168 10 25 and a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 4 Open your web browser and type the IP address of the switch in the address bar and then press Enter The default IP address is 192 168 10 200 5 Enter the User Name and Password and then click Login By default User Name admin Password admin Note User name and password are case sensitive 6 Click System L3 Feature and then click IPv4 Int...

Страница 21: ...IP address and save the configuration to your flash NOTE The configured settings are only applied to the switch s temporary memory and will be lost upon the next power cycle Please follow these next steps to save the configurations to the switch s NV RAM to ensure the settings will remain throughout power cycles and reboots 1 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 2 Select the Config you ...

Страница 22: ...he LED indicators on the front panel of your switch to ensure the physical cable connection from your computer or device You can use either the Gigabit Ethernet ports or SFP connections as network uplinks SFP modules sold separately Note If you encounter issues connecting to your network there may be a problem with your computer or device network settings Please ensure that your computer or device...

Страница 23: ...er Name admin Password admin Note User Name and Password are case sensitive System Info View your switch status information Switch Info You may want to check the general system information of your switch such as firmware version boot loader information and system uptime Other information includes H W version RAM Flash size administration information IPv4 and IPv6 information 1 Log into your switch...

Страница 24: ... the switch system MAC address IP Address Displays the current IPv4 address assigned to your switch Subnet Mask Displays the current IPv4 subnet mask assigned to your switch Default Gateway Displays the current gateway address assigned to your switch IPv6 Information IPv6 Unicast Address Prefix Length Displays the current IPv6 address and prefix assigned to your switch IPv6 Default Gateway Display...

Страница 25: ...ch model You cannot change this parameter System Object ID Indicates the unique SNMP MIB object identifier that identifies the switch model You cannot change this parameter System Name Specifies a name for the switch the name is optional and may contain up to 15 characters System Location Specifies the location of the switch The location is optional and may contain up to 30 characters System Conta...

Страница 26: ... VLAN ID into the Interface VLAN field and then click Find 4 To change the IPv4 IP address associated with a specific VLAN click on Edit within the lower table 5 Review the settings When you have completed making changes click Apply to save the settings Interface Displays the VLAN that is currently being configured State Select Enabled to enable this VLAN and Disabled to disable this VLAN Get IP F...

Страница 27: ...uration changes will still be applied IPv4 Static ARP System L3 Feature IPv4 Static ARP This section allows you to statically set ARP entries per each configured VLAN 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System L3 Feature and then IPv4 Static ARP 3 To add a static ARP entry fill out the following fields and then press Apply To delete an...

Страница 28: ...gateway and enter the default gateway IP address in the Next Hop IP Address field To specify a static route uncheck the box to specify the following o IP Address Enter the IP address for this routing entry e g 192 168 200 200 o Mask Enter the subnet mask for this routing entry e g 255 255 255 0 Next Hop IP Address Enter the next hop for the routing entry e g 192 168 20 200 Backup Status Specify if...

Страница 29: ...ement page on page 5 2 Click on System L3 Feature and then IPv6 Interface 3 To create a new entry per VLAN type the VLAN number you would like to create then click Add To view a specific VLAN ID s configuration enter the VLAN ID into the Interface VLAN field and then click Find 4 To change the IPv6 IP address associated with a specific VLAN click on Detail within the lower table 5 Review the setti...

Страница 30: ...pplied Add IPv6 neighbors System L3 Feature IPv6 Neighbor This settings allows you to manually define IPv6 supported neighboring devices on your network 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System L3 Feature and then IPv6 Neighbor 3 Review the settings When you have completed making changes click Apply to save the settings Neighbor IPv6...

Страница 31: ...ch s IPv6 routing table default or specify a static route 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System L3 Feature and then IPv6 Static Default Route 3 Review the settings When you have completed making changes click Apply to save the settings click Delete to delete the routing table entry Default Route Check this box to apply this route ...

Страница 32: ...ving hostnames For example when specifying your SNTP server time settings via domain name the switch will not be able to resolve the SNTP domain name specified until you configure the switch DNS server setting 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System and click on DNS 3 Enter your DNS IPv4 Server address and or DNS IPv6 Server address...

Страница 33: ...ddress to allow access and click Add for each entry For each entry the access list will populate You can click Delete next to the entry to delete the entry or Delete All to delete all entries in the table When you have completed entering the IPv4 and IPv6 address entries click the IP Restriction Status drop down list at the top and select Enabled then click Apply 4 At the bottom of the left hand p...

Страница 34: ...nd enter the new password again the Confirm Password field to verify Then click Apply Note The password consists of up to 20 alphanumeric characters To create additional administrative user accounts User Name Enter the user name of the new account Password Enter the password for the new acocunt and enter the password again the Confirm Password field to verify Then click Add to add to the table For...

Страница 35: ...he switch is rebooted or power cycled the configuration changes will still be applied System Time Set the switch date and time System System Time 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System and click on System Time 3 Review the settings Click Apply to save changes Clock Mode Displays if system time and date is set manually Local Time or...

Страница 36: ...condary network time server IPv4 address IPv6 address or Domain Name SNTP Poll Interval Enter the interval time when your switch will update the time and date settings with the time server Time Zone Click the drop down list to select your time zone Additionally you can set your Daylight Savings Time Additional Time Parameters Allows you to configure additional Daylight Saving Time parameters Dayli...

Страница 37: ...t access will be disabled forcing all access to the switch management page using secure encryption communication only 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System and click on SSL 3 Review the settings Click Apply to save changes SSL Status o Enabled Enables HTTPS SSL management access and disables HTTP unsecured mode o Disabled Disabled...

Страница 38: ...gs Click Apply to save changes SSH Status o Enabled Enables SSH management access o Disabled Disabled SSH management access Port Set the port number to use for SSH management access 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Note This step saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM to en...

Страница 39: ...k Apply to save changes Telnet Status o Enabled Enables Telnet management access o Disabled Disabled Telnet management access Port Set the port number to use for Telnet management access 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Note This step saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM ...

Страница 40: ...o that this feature can operate with your DHCP server 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System and click on DHCP Auto Configuration 3 Click the Auto Configuration State drop down list and select Enabled Click Apply to save changes 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the setting...

Страница 41: ...ternal log Syslog server for troubleshooting or monitoring o Enable Enable syslog and in the Syslog Server IP section enter the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the external syslog server to send logging o Disable Disable syslog functionality Facility Click the drop down list and which facility to store the logging Options local0 local7 Note You can define the facility to store logging on your external sys...

Страница 42: ...ttings 3 Review the settings Click Apply to save changes SNMP Agent Status Click the drop down list to one of the following options o Enabled When you enable this parameter the SNMP agent is active You can manage the switch with SNMP network management software and the switch s private MIB o Disabled When you enable this parameter the SNMP agent is inactive Engine ID 10 64 Hex Characters Enter the...

Страница 43: ...ame This entry must be pre defined on the SNMP User Group page Enter the Subtree OID Enter 1 for the OID Mask Enter the View Type Choose from the following options and then click Add o Included This selection allows the specified MIB object to be included in the view o Excluded This selection blocks the view of the specified MIB object Modifying SNMP View Table Entries If you need to modify an ent...

Страница 44: ... Security Model pull down menu select v3 Enter the Security Level from the pull down menu The selection options are o NoAuthNoPriv This selection is the appropriate selection when no Auth Protocol or Priv Protocol no encryption are selected on the SNMP User Group page o AuthNoPriv Choose this selection when encryption has been enabled but only the Auth Protocol has a password assigned and the Priv...

Страница 45: ...llowing choices for the Auth Protocol field o MD5 The MD5 authentication protocol SNMP Users are authenticated with the MD5 authentication protocol after a message is received o SHA The SHA authentication protocol Users are authenticated with the SHA authentication protocol after a message is received Enter the password for the Auth Protocol Select one of the following choices for the Priv Protoco...

Страница 46: ...d on the Note SNMP User Group page If you enter a user name that has not been pre defined on the SNMP User Group page the Community entry is displayed but the agent manager communication fails Click Add The values of the new Community Name and User Name are displayed Modify SNMP Community Settings If you need to modify a Community Table entry you must first delete the entry by using the procedure ...

Страница 47: ...r a Community Name that you have defined previously in the SNMP Community table The Community Name must correlate with one of the communities displayed on the SNMP Community Table page If you enter a Community Name that has not been pre defined the Trap Host entry is displayed but agent manager communication fails Click Add The new host is added to the table Modify a Trap Host Table Entry If you n...

Страница 48: ...k Management System NMS software and the RMON section of the MIB tree to view the RMON statistics history and alarms associated with specific ports Since RMON uses the SNMP agent for communicating with your NMS software the SNMP Agent must be enabled and the SNMP feature must be configured on your switch Since RMON works in conjunction with the SNMP agent the SNMP agent must be enabled for the RMO...

Страница 49: ...he Ethernet traffic Owner This parameter is used to identify the person who created an entry It is primarily intended for switches that are managed by more than one person and is an optional field Click Add to add the entry to the table In the list you can click Modify to modify an entry or click Delete or delete the entry If the entries span multiple pages you can navigate page number in the Page...

Страница 50: ... the statistics for the port Each bucket can store one snapshot of RMON statistics Different ports can have different numbers of buckets The range is 1 to 50 buckets Interval This parameter specifies how frequently the switch takes snapshots of the port s statistics The range is 1 to 3600 seconds 1 hour For example if you want the switch to take one snapshot every minute on a port you specify an i...

Страница 51: ...itch to perform an event The thresholds of an alarm can have the same event or different events The switch supports up to eight alarms 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System click on RMON and click on Alarm 3 Review the settings Index This parameter specifies the ID number of the new group The range is 1 to 65535 Interval This para...

Страница 52: ...of the switch send an SNMP trap to an SNMP workstation or both Since there are only three possible actions and since events can be used with more than one alarm you probably will not create more than three events one for each of the three actions 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System click on RMON and click on Event 3 Review the s...

Страница 53: ... table If the entries span multiple pages you can navigate page number in the Page field and click Go or you can click First Previous Next and Last Page to navigate the pages 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Note This step saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM to ensure th...

Страница 54: ...uch as broadcast and multicast packets in packets per second InDiscards Inbound Discards Pkts number of inbound discarded packets in packets per second OutOctets Outbound Octets Bytes s rate of outbound octet bits in bytes per second OutUcastPkts Outbound Unicast Packets Pkts number of outbound unicast packets in packets per second OutNUcastPkts Outbound Non unicast Packets Pkts number of outbound...

Страница 55: ...less than 64 octets received OversizePkts Oversize Packets Pkts number of oversized packets over 2000 octets received Fragments Number of fragments packets with less than 64 octets excluding framing bits but including FCS octets received Collisions Number of collisions received If Jumbo Frames are enabled the threshold of Jabber Frames is raised to the maximum size of Jumbo Frames Apply Click the ...

Страница 56: ...the switch disabled the IEEE 802 3az EEE function Users can enable this feature via the IEEE802 3az EEE setting page 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Tools and click on IEEE 802 3az EEE 3 Click the IEEE 802 3az EEE Status drop down list and select Enabled to enable the power saving feature and click Apply to save the settings 4 At t...

Страница 57: ...t and the end node have not established a valid link Admin Status This parameter indicates the operating status of the port You can use this parameter to enable or disable a port You may want to disable a port and prevent packets from being forwarded if a problem occurs with the node or cable connected to the port You can enable the port to resume normal operation after the problem has been fixed ...

Страница 58: ...low control setting on the port The switch uses a special pause packet to notify the end node to stop transmitting for a specified period of time The possible values are o Ignore This parameter indicates that the All setting does not apply to the Flow Control field In other words each port is set individually o Enabled This parameter indicates that the port is permitted to use flow control o Disab...

Страница 59: ...vice o RSTP Enables Rapid STP 802 1w on the device This is the default value o MSTP Enables Multiple STP 802 1s on the device Bridge Priority The Bridge Priority has a range 0 to 61440 in increments of 4096 To make this easier for you the Web Management Utility divides the range into increments You specify the increment that represents the desired bridge priority value Maximum Age The Maximum Age ...

Страница 60: ...ne the external cost The lower the number the greater the probability the port will be chosen to forward packets The default port cost 100Mbps port 200000 Gigabit port 20000 Status Displays the current port spanning tree status o Blocking A blocking state does not allow network traffic to be sent or received on a the port except for BPDU data A port with a higher path cost to the root bridge than ...

Страница 61: ...eived TCN and to other ports The default value is False Migrate Indicates if the port is configured to accept RSTP and STP BPDUs 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Note This step saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM to ensure that if the switch is rebooted or power cycled t...

Страница 62: ...ree Instance 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on System click on Spanning Tree and click on Instance 3 View your MSTP instance information MSTI ID Specifies the instance to which the VLAN is assigned Internal Root Cost Indicates cost of forwarding packets to specified ports when an interface is selected within a STP instance Root Port ...

Страница 63: ...nfo The MST Port Information page provides user to configure the MSTP Interface settings o Admin Path Cost 0 Auto This is the port cost used by MSTP when calculating path cost to the root bridge o Priority This is the port priority used by MSTP in calculating path costs when two ports on the switch have the same port cost 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you wo...

Страница 64: ... page 5 2 Click on Network click on Trunk and click on Settings 3 Review the settings For each trunk group click Apply to save changes For each Trunk ID Group check the port numbers to add for each trunk group Click the drop down list and select one of the following options Active The specific aggregator will broadcast and respond to LACPDU LACP Data Unit packets This setting enables the dynamic L...

Страница 65: ...regation group Port Priority Network Trunk Port Priority 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Network click on Trunk and click on Port Priority 3 Review the settings Click Apply to save changes To assign a port higher priority within a trunk group find the port number and in the priority column enter a priority value 0 65535 65535 being...

Страница 66: ...parameter de activates the Port Mirroring feature and the rest of the configuration parameters become inactive on the page Mirror Target Port Click the drop down and list and select the port to send the copied ingress egress packets data e g Computer or device with packet capture or data analysis program Check the port to monitor or copy inormation from Source To copy data received on a specific p...

Страница 67: ...pback Detection table select one of the Loopback Detection Status choices from the pull down menu Ignore This parameter indicates that the setting in the All row do not apply to the Loopback Detection Status field In other words each port is set individually Enabled This selection enables the Loopback Detection feature for each port This state must be enabled along with the Status field at the top...

Страница 68: ...s of the device to add Port Member Select the port where the MAC address will reside Click Apply to add the Static Unicast entry to the list In the list you can click Modify to modify an entry or click Delete or delete the entry You can also click Delete All to delete all the entries in the list If the entries span multiple pages you can navigate page number in the Page field and click Go or you c...

Страница 69: ...ss Enter the multicast group MAC address Group Member Check the port s where the MAC address will reside Note You can click All to select all ports Click Apply to add the Static Multicast Group entry to the list In the list you can click Modify to modify an entry or click Delete or delete the entry If the entries span multiple pages you can navigate page number in the Page field and click Go or yo...

Страница 70: ...h to send IGMP queries Max Response Time Specifies the maximum time before sending a response report Robustness Variable Enter a variable for the expected packet loss on a subnet The robustness variable should be set to a larger value if higher packet loss is expected Last Member Query Interval Set the response time for group queries sent in response to leave messages Router Timeout Enter the maxi...

Страница 71: ...tic Router Port and a Dynamic Router Port is dynamically configured by the Switch when a query control message is received To modify an entry click Modify to add statically add router ports Check the static router ports to add and click Apply to save the settings Note You can click on All to add all ports Clicking Restore will restore the static router port settings to default 4 At the bottom of t...

Страница 72: ... drop down list and select Enabled to enable fast leave or Disabled to disable this feature Query Interval Enter the amount of time you want your switch to send queries Max Response Time Enter the maximum response time in seconds that client can wait before responding to a query Robustness Variable Enter the robustness value used to determine the number of times to send a message Last Member Query...

Страница 73: ... VLAN ID Shows the VLAN ID Static Router Port Shows if what the static router ports are Dynamic Router Port Shows if what the dynamic router ports are 802 1Q VLAN ID Shows the VLAN ID Static Router Port Check the box below the port number to set the statically set ports 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings ...

Страница 74: ...ve 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Note This step saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM to ensure that if the switch is rebooted or power cycled the configuration changes will still be applied Multicast VLAN Table Network Multicast VLAN Multicast VLAN Table 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch ma...

Страница 75: ...Multicast VLAN Access Settings 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Network click on Multicast VLAN and click on Multicast VLAN Access Settings 3 Review the settings Click Add to save the settings VLAN ID Enter the VLAN ID you would like to assign Profile Name Enter the name for this profile 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click ...

Страница 76: ...tion allows you to configure the DLF Destination Lookup Failure broadcast and multicast storm settings for each switch port 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Network click on Bandwidth Control and click on Storm Control 3 Review the settings for each port Click Apply to save the settings DLF Destination Lookup Failure Click the drop ...

Страница 77: ...p saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM to ensure that if the switch is rebooted or power cycled the configuration changes will still be applied Egress Rate Limiting Network Bandwidth Control Egress Rate Limiting This section allows you to set the egress transmit rate for each switch port 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Net...

Страница 78: ...dd to the new VLAN Tagged or Untagged and assign ports that are not members Forbidden of the new VLAN Tagged Untagged Not Member VLAN Ports On a port the tag information within a frame is examined when it is received to determine if the frame is qualified as a member of a specific tagged VLAN If it is it is eligible to be switched to other member ports of the same VLAN If it is determined that the...

Страница 79: ... can modify the port VID settings acceptable frame types and ingress filtering 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Bridge click on VLAN and click on Port Settings 3 Review the settings for each port Click Apply to save settings PVID Enter the port VLAN ID Note Required for untagged VLAN ports Acceptable Frame Type Click the drop down l...

Страница 80: ... management page on page 5 2 Click on Network click on VLAN and click on Forwarding 3 Click the learning mode drop down list to select the forwarding table mode and click Apply to save settings Note The default mode is IVL 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Dynamic Network VLAN Dyna...

Страница 81: ...rivate VLAN The management port cannot be a member of a private VLAN IGMP Snooping must be disabled on isolated VLANs Each secondary port s isolated port and community ports PVID must match its corresponding secondary VLAN ID Ports within a secondary VLAN cannot be members of other VLANs All VLANs that make up the private VLAN must belong to the same Spanning Tree Group 1 Log into your switch mana...

Страница 82: ... allows network devices to share VLAN information and to use the information to modify existing VLANs or create new VLANs automatically This makes it easier to manage VLANs that span more than one switch Without GVRP you have to manually configure your switches to ensure that the various parts of the VLANs can communicate with each other across the different switches With GVRP which is an applicat...

Страница 83: ...y to the Dynamic Vlan Status field In other words each port is set individually o Enable The Dynamic Vlan is activated for the port row selected o Disable The Dynamic Vlan is de active for the port row selected Restricted VLAN Registration This parameter controls if the VLAN registration on the port is restricted or not o Ignore This parameter indicates that the setting in the All row does not app...

Страница 84: ...s range is 10 1073741810 milli seconds LeaveTime This parameter is the GARP Leave Timer Its range is 30 2147483630 milli seconds This timer must be set in relation to the GVRP Join Timer according to the following equation GARPLeaveTimer GARPJoinTimer X 2 10 LeaveAllTime This parameter is the GARP Leave All Timer Its range is 40 2147483630 milli seconds This timer must be set in relation to the GV...

Страница 85: ...o the configuration However it is possible that you can find more than one OUI from the same manufacturer among the IP phones you are installing It is also possible that your IP phones are from two or more different manufacturers in which case you will find different OUIs for each manufacturer If you identify more than one OUI among the IP phones being installed then one MAC address representing e...

Страница 86: ...ntered In the Voice VLAN Global Settings section enter the configuration information for the following parameters o VLAN ID This parameter is the tagged VLAN ID that has been configured in Tagged VLAN Configuration It is a pull down menu showing the tagged VLAN IDs that have been defined o Aging Time This parameter indicates the amount of time in hours after the last IP phone s OUI was received on...

Страница 87: ...ce VLAN OUIs Enter a text description that helps you identify the manufacturer s OUI in the User Defined OUI Description field This parameter can be up to 20 characters in length Enter the MAC address in the User Defined OUI Telephony OUI field of one of the IP phones with the manufacturer s OUI Click Add The new OUI entry is displayed in the table at the bottom of the page Note If you find more t...

Страница 88: ...ces such as switches and routers to receive and transmit device related information to directly connected devices on the network and to store data that is learned about other devices Settings Network LLDP Settings 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Network click on LLDP and click on Settings 3 Review the settings Enabling or Disabling...

Страница 89: ... from 1 to 8192 seconds Click Apply to save the settings View LLDP System Information Chassis ID Subtype This parameter describes the Chassis ID subtype which is macAddress You cannot change this parameter Chassis ID This parameter lists the MAC Address of the switch You cannot change this parameter System Name This parameter lists the System Name of the switch You can assign the system name Syste...

Страница 90: ...ave 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Dot1 TLVs Settings Network LLDP Dot1 TLVs Settings 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Network click on LLDP and click on Dot1 TLVs Settings 3 Configure the Dot1 TLVs settings Click Apply to save 4 At the bottom of the left hand pa...

Страница 91: ...s to for additional info Neighbor Network LLDP Neighbor 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Network click on LLDP and click on Neighbor 3 View the LLDP neighbor information Entity This parameter is a number assigned to the reporting neighbors in the order that the LLDP information is received from them Port This parameter specifies the...

Страница 92: ...to ensure that if the switch is rebooted or power cycled the configuration changes will still be applied Protocol VLAN Protocol VLAN Profile Network Protocol VLAN Protocol VLAN Profile 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Network click on Protocol VLAN and click on Protocol VLAN Profile 3 Configure the Protocol VLAN Click Apply to save ...

Страница 93: ...erface 3 Configure the new Protocol Interface Click Apply to save Port Select the port number from the dropdown Profile ID Select the profile ID from the drop down VID Assign a VID Priority Select a priority level from the dropdown menu 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Note This s...

Страница 94: ...video quality may suffer This is where Cost of Service CoS is of value It allows you to manage the flow of traffic through a switch by having the switch ports give higher priority to some packets such as delay sensitive traffic over other packets This is referred to as prioritizing traffic CoS Set CoS priority settings QoS CoS Note Before mapping the CoS priorities and the egress queues you must d...

Страница 95: ...ould like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Note This step saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM to ensure that if the switch is rebooted or power cycled the configuration changes will still be applied DSCP Set DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point Class Mapping settings QoS DSCP If you choose to use the DSCP tags in your Access Control policy configurati...

Страница 96: ...e on page 5 2 Click on QoS and click on Scheduling Algorithm 3 Review the settings Click Apply to save the settings Strict Priority The port transmits all packets out of higher priority queues before transmitting any from the lower priority queues WRR Weighted RoundRobin The port transmits a set number of packets from each queue in a round robin fashion so that each has a chance to transmit traffi...

Страница 97: ...iority assigned to the port Click Add to add the traffic class setting entry to the table In the list you can click Modify to modify an entry or click Delete or delete the entry You can also click Delete All to delete all of the entries in the table If the entries span multiple pages you can navigate page number in the Page field and click Go or you can click First Previous Next and Last Page to n...

Страница 98: ...W 3 84W to 6 49W 3 15 4W 6 49W to 12 95W 4 34 2W 12 85W to 25 5W Power Budget Power budget is the maximum amount of power that the PoE switch can provide at one time to the connected PDs Port Prioritization As long as the total power requirements of the PDs is less than the total available power of the switch it can supply power to all of the PDs However when the PD power requirements exceed the t...

Страница 99: ...er ON The port is supplying PoE power o Power OFF The port is not supplying PoE power Class The PoE class is indicated the class of the PD N A is displayed when the port is not supplying power Priority Indicates the port priority Low High or Critical PowerLimit Indicates the power limit by class or power limit defined by the user UserDef After UserDef is selected in the PowerLimit cell users can d...

Страница 100: ...s making the time range set to a daily schedule From Week Set the start day of the PoE time range From Time HH MM Set the start time of the PoE time range To Week Set the end day of the PoE time range To Time HH MM Set the end time of the PoE time range End Weekday Check this box to set the time range to stop at the end of the defined From Weekday 4 At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save ...

Страница 101: ...hese entries the authentication process is done locally by the Web Management Utility using a standard EAPOL transaction Note RADIUS with Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP extensions is the only supported authentication server for this feature 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Security and click on Port Access Control 3 Review t...

Страница 102: ...l In User 3 Review the settings To create a dial in user for local authentication use the following procedure In the User Name field type a name for the user In the Password field type a password for the user In the Dynamic VLAN field enter the VID of the VLAN which you will allow the user to access If you enter 0 this field will be ignored Click Add to add the entry to the table In the list you c...

Страница 103: ...1 65535 Set the RADIUS authentic server s UDP port The default port is 1812 Accounting Port 1 65535 Set the RADIUS account server s UDP port The default port is 1813 Shared Secret Enter the default authentication and encryption key for RADIUS communication between the device and the RADIUS server Click Add to add the entry to the table In the list you can click Modify to modify an entry or click D...

Страница 104: ...and click on TACACS 3 Review the settings Server Priority Enter the TACACS Server priority Highest 1 Lowest 5 Server IP Address Enter the TACACS Server IP address Server Port Enter the port number via which the TACACS session occurs The default port is port 49 Timeout Enter the amount of time in seconds the device waits for an answer from the TACACS server before retrying the query or switching to...

Страница 105: ...an enter the MAC address of the Accounting server as a destination MAC address filter on the Sales group switch When a packet destined for the Accounting server is received by the Sales group switch the switch drops the packet The Destination MAC Filter is a subset of the static MAC address 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Security ...

Страница 106: ...l IP addresses Ex If ARP MAC SA Mismatch is set to Deny it may cause devices in load balance configuration using shared virtual IP addresses communication issues essential for network server load balancing For additional security you can set these rules to Deny as necessary 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Security and click on Deni...

Страница 107: ... of the following choices from the pull down menu o Enable Allows an Option 82 packet to be passed through the switch without being altered o Disable Blocks an Option 82 packet from passing through the switch Verify MAC Address Select one of the following choices from the pull down menu o Enable The MAC address of each ingress ARP packet is validated when compared against the Binding Table entries...

Страница 108: ...s section you can define an existing VLAN to apply DHCP snooping 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Security click on DHCP Snooping and click on VLAN 3 In the field enter the existing VLAN ID to apply DHCP Snooping Then click Add to add the VLAN entry to the table In the list you can click Modify to modify an entry or click Delete or ...

Страница 109: ...n those ports 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Security click on DHCP Snooping and click on Interfaces 3 Next to each port click the Trust drop down list and select one of the following options Disable This parameter defines the port as untrusted for the DHCP Snooping feature Enable This parameter defines the port as trusted for the...

Страница 110: ...id The range is 10 to 4294967295 seconds In the list you can click Modify to modify an entry or click Delete or delete the entry You can also click Delete All to delete all of the entries in the table If the entries span multiple pages you can navigate page number in the Page field and click Go or you can click First Previous Next and Last Page to navigate the pages MAC Address This parameter show...

Страница 111: ...anges will still be applied ARP Inspection Validation Security Dynamic ARP Inspection ARP Inspection Validation 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Security click on Dynamic ARP Inspection and click on ARP Inspection Validation 3 Review the settings Click Apply Add to save the settings Src MAC Select Enable from the drop down to enable...

Страница 112: ...ote This step saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM to ensure that if the switch is rebooted or power cycled the configuration changes will still be applied ARP Inspection VLAN Security Dynamic ARP Inspection ARP Inspection VLAN 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Security click on Dynamic ARP Inspection and click on ARP Inspec...

Страница 113: ...At the bottom of the left hand panel click Save 5 Select the Config you would like to save the settings to click Save Settings to Flash then click OK Note This step saves all configuration changes to the NV RAM to ensure that if the switch is rebooted or power cycled the configuration changes will still be applied ARP Inspection VLAN Security Dynamic ARP Inspection ARP Inspection VLAN 1 Log into y...

Страница 114: ... IPv6 address Destination Defines the access packet destination o Any Indicates ACL action will be taken on packets to any destination o MAC Address Indicates ACL action will be taken on packets to the specified MAC address o IPv4 Address Indicates ACL action will be taken on packets to the specified IPv4 source address o IPv6 Address Indicates ACL action will be taken on packets to the specified ...

Страница 115: ...iew the active ACL profiles 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Security click ACL and click on Access Profile List In the list you can click Show Details to view the ACL Profile details click Edit New Rules to edit or create rule details or delete the entry You can also click Delete All to delete all of the entries in the table 4 At t...

Страница 116: ...bar Ports Defines the port number search bar Profile ID Indicates the Profile ID Access ID Indicates the Access ID Profile Type Indicates the profile type Summary Displays the ACL rule summary Status Displays the ACL rule status Action Includes the Delete button for removing ACL rules 4 View the active poicies by clicking on the Access ID number 5 Modify existing ACL rules by editting established ...

Страница 117: ...ed that you may have been experiencing 1 If a firmware upgrade is available download the firmware to your computer 2 Unzip the file to a folder on your computer Please note the following Do not interrupt the firmware upgrade process Do not turn off the device or press the Reset button during the upgrade If you are upgrade the firmware using a laptop computer ensure that the laptop is connected to ...

Страница 118: ...start the firmware upgrade Config Backup Restore Config Backup Restore Tools Configuration Backup Restore You may have added many customized settings to your switch and in the case that you need to reset your switch to default all your customized settings would be lost and would require you to manually reconfigure all of your switch settings instead of simply restoring from a backed up switch conf...

Страница 119: ...iguration file config bin to your local hard drive on your TFTP server root directory TFTP Server IP Enter the IP address of your TFTP server Config File Select the configuration Startup config refers to the configuration that was used to startup this switch Config File Name Enter the configuration file name for the backup Default config bin To restore your switch configuration 1 Log into your swi...

Страница 120: ...ngth 3 The test also measures the cable fault and identifies the fault in length according to the distance from the switch 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Tools and click on Cable Diagnostic 3 Click on the Port drop down list to select which port to run the cable diagnostic and click Test Now to run the test The results will be dis...

Страница 121: ...ss To reset your switch to factory defaults You may want to reset your switch to factory defaults if you are encountering difficulties with your switch and have attempted all other troubleshooting Before you reset your switch to defaults if possible you should backup your switch configuration first see Backup Restore on page 88 There are two methods that can be used to reset your switch to factory...

Страница 122: ...h which the node is communicating with the switch must be an untagged or tagged member of the Default VLAN 1 Log into your switch management page see Access your switch management page on page 5 2 Click on Tools and click on Ping 3 Review the settings Click Start to start the network connectivity ping test After the ping test is activate you can click Show Ping Results to check the ping test resul...

Страница 123: ...admin password and upgrade firmware for multiple switches System Requirements Operating System Windows 10 32 64 bit 8 32 64 bit Windows 7 32 64 bit Vista 32 64 bit or XP 32 64 bit Installation 1 Download the latest version of the utility by navigating to http www trendnet com support and selecting the switch s model number within the Product Download drop down list 2 Extract the contents of the zi...

Страница 124: ...tware installation a desktop shortcut is automatically created Double click the icon to start the utility or open the utility if it is already running Closing the utility will exit the application You can also click Exit at the bottom of the utility user interface to exit the application You can also launch the utility from the Start Menu programs Start Programs or All Programs TRENDnet Management...

Страница 125: ...ed Subnet Mask Shows the Subnet Mask set of the device Gateway Shows the Gateway set of the device Group Interval Monitor List All the Web Smart switches in the Monitor List can be monitored you can also receive the trap and show the status of the device System word definitions in the Monitor List S Shows the system symbol of the Web Smart device represent for device system is not alive IP Address...

Страница 126: ...Set to process the data change immediately The default password of TRENDnet Web Smart Switches is admin Password Change You can use this Password Change when you need to change the password fill in the password needed in the dialog box and press Set button to proceed the password change immediately Firmware Upgrade When the device has a new function there will be a new firmware to update the devic...

Страница 127: ... Monitor Load To manually load the setting file of the Monitor List Exit To exit the Web Management Utility In the View TAB there are view log and clear log function this function will help you to show trap setting View Log To show the event of the Web Management Utility and the device Clear Log to clear the log In the Option TAB there are Refresh Time and Group Interval Refresh Time This function...

Страница 128: ...l duplex Switch fabric 20 Gbps 40 Gbps 56 Gbps 104 Gbps RAM buffer 4 1 Mbits 12 Mbits MAC Address Table 8K entries 16K entries Jumbo Frames 10 Kbytes Forwarding 14 9 Mpps 64 byte packet size 29 8Mpps 64 byte packet size 41 7Mpps 64 byte packet size 77 4Mpps 64 byte packet size HOL Blocking Prevention HOL Blocking Prevention supported on all models Power Input External power supply 54V DC 1 67A 100...

Страница 129: ... non condensing Dimensions 280 x 125 8 x 44 mm 11 x 5 x 1 74 in 440 x 250 x 44mm 17 3 x 9 8 x 1 74 in 440 x 430 x 44mm 17 3 x 17 x 1 74 in Rack mountable 1U height Weight 0 92 kg 2 lbs 3 66kg 8 lbs 3 89kg 8 5 lbs 3 75kg 8 26 lbs 3 92kg 8 64 lbs 6 12kg 13 5 lbs 6 58kg 14 5 lbs Certifications CE FCC External Power Adapter UL UL Warranty Lifetime Package Contents In addition to the switch the package...

Страница 130: ...AN LA MIB IEEE 802 3ad LLDP MIB IEEE 802 1ab IGMP Snooping MIB RFC 2933 MLD Snooping MIB RFC 3019 Private VLAN MIB IEEE 802 1Q DHCP Snooping MIB RFC 2026 QoS MIB RFC 4323 SNMP MIB RFC 3415 STP MIB RFC 4318 PNAC MIB IEEE 802 1x VLAN MIB IEEE 802 1q DNS MIB RFC 1611 ACL MIB Bandwidth CTRL MIB LBD MIB Mirror MIB IPv6 Neighbor MIB SNTP MIB Storm CTRL MIB Statistics MIB Tool MIB Voice VLAN MIB DoS MIB ...

Страница 131: ...r Authentication DHCP Snooping per VLAN Loopback Detection Duplicated Address Detection Trusted Host Denial of Service DoS IP MAC port binding Dynamic ARP inspection Block unknown multicast ACL IPv4 L2 L4 IPv6 MAC Address VLAN ID Ether Type IPv4 only IP Protocol 0 255 TCP UDP Port 1 65535 802 1p DSCP IPv4 only IPv6 Address IPv6 only Layer 3 Features IPv4 IPv6 static routing IP interfaces Up to 6 R...

Страница 132: ...e Local Area Connection icon and click Properties c Click Internet Protocol Version TCP IPv4 and then click Properties d Then click Use the following IP address and make sure to assign your network adapter an IP address in the subnet of 192 168 10 x Click OK Windows XP 2000 a Go into the Control Panel double click the Network Connections icon b Right click the Local Area Connection icon and the cl...

Страница 133: ...k status and your IP address settings displayed Note If you are experiencing difficulties please contact your computer or operating system manufacturer for assistance How to configure your network settings to use a static IP address Note Please note that although the following procedures provided to follow for your operating system on configuring your network settings can be used as general guidel...

Страница 134: ...elect Ethernet from the list on the left 3 Click the Advanced button 3 On the Ethernet tab the Ethernet ID is your MAC Address How do I use the ping tool to check for network device connectivity Windows 2000 XP Vista 7 8 1 10 1 On your keyboard press Windows Logo R keys simultaneously to bring up the Run dialog box 2 In the dialog box type cmd to bring up the command prompt 3 In the command prompt...

Страница 135: ...WARNING Any changes or modifications to this product not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment IMPORTANT NOTE Radiation Exposure Statement This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between...

Страница 136: ...lace the defective product or there is no comparable model available we will refund the depreciated value of the product If a product does not operate as warranted during the applicable warranty period TRENDnet shall reserve the right at its expense to repair or replace the defective product or part and deliver an equivalent product or part to the customer The repair replacement unit s warranty co...

Страница 137: ...SE NEGLECT IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR TESTING UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR OR MODIFY OR ANY OTHER CAUSE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE OR BY ACCIDENT FIRE LIGHTNING OR OTHER HAZARD LIMITATION OF LIABILITY TO THE FULL EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW TRENDNET ALSO EXCLUDES FOR ITSELF AND ITS SUPPLIERS ANY LIABILITY WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE FOR INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL INDI...

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