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A SELECTION OF  

ROBOCUP LEAGUES

›››   

 Humanoid: 

In the Humanoid League — as the name implies — 

robots with human-like bodies compete against each other. The 
robots have to be fully autonomous, and are equipped with 

sensors accordingly. There are three size classes with competitions 
in skills such as penalty kicks and playing. 

››› 

 Standard Platform League: This league originally used Aibos, 
robotic dogs made by Sony. Now the games are played with Naos 

by Aldebaran Robotics. These robots are 57.3 centimeters tall and 
weigh 5.2 kilograms.

›››   

 Middle  Size: 

The robots in this league are autonomous, 

featuring cameras and other sensors.

›››  

Small Size: Two teams compete against each other with teams of five 
robots each. The robots are controlled remotely by a computer.

SOMETHING FOR 

EVERYONE:

Off to the World Cup for robots!

Even if shooting at a goal just looks like fun and games, robot soccer involves 

artificial intelligence

, or 

AI

, 

which means the creation of human-like intelligence. A computer has to accomplish tasks and solve problems 
all by itself. As a standard problem for artificial intelligence, soccer is actually quite challenging. In addition 
to intelligent programming to handle the planning and learning of moves, the robots also have to be able to 
handle:

›››

  the recognition of teammates, opponents, and objects such as the ball, the corner flag, etc.

›››

   motor functions such as locomotion and shooting

›››

  quick responses to changes in playing conditions

›››

  cooperation with teammates

›››

  determination of the robot’s own position and the positions of the other players 

›››

  knowledge of the paths of the ball and the players.

The researchers and developers are very ambitious: By 2050, they want their robots to win the actual soccer 
World Cup! That is what inspired the creation of the RoboCup world championships, which are played in 
different locations every year and in various different leagues.

CHECK IT OUT

107

Goooooal!

Содержание DLX

Страница 1: ...7 70184 Stuttgart Germany 49 0 711 2191 0 www kosmos de Thames Kosmos 301 Friendship St Providence RI 02903 USA 1 800 587 2872 www thamesandkosmos com Thames Kosmos UK Ltd Goudhurst Kent TN17 2QZ United Kingdom 01580 212000 www thamesandkosmos co uk 620370 03 050614 ...

Страница 2: ...publisher has made every effort to locate the holders of image rights for all of the photos used If in any individual cases any holders of image rights have not been acknowledged they are asked to provide evidence to the publisher of their image rights so that they may be paid an image fee in line with the industry standard 1st English Edition 2014 Thames Kosmos LLC Providence RI USA Thames Kosmos...

Страница 3: ...h pad to make the motors turn to the left or right WANT TO LEARN MORE Then come on into the exciting world of robots 1 WHAT S HAPPENING As soon as a link is established between the IR remote and the receiver the little red LED on the remote will light up and you will hear a sound Which pair of touch pad buttons is responsible for which motor is determined by the jack into which you inserted the wi...

Страница 4: ...int pin 10 702 524 34 Large body plate 1 714 013 35 Small body plate 2 715 280 36 Body plate 3 1 714 276 37 Body plate 4 1 714 277 38 Eye 2 715 053 39 Horn 2 715 054 40 Short anchor pin blue 8 714 129 41 String 1 715 055 42 Small pulley 1 707 011 43 Small rubber o ring 1 703 205 1 2 3 7 8 5 4 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 18 15 16 19 21 20 22 23 24 25 26 29 30 27 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 39 40 37 38 41 43 42 ...

Страница 5: ...Robots 77 In this chapter you will be able to push your robot s pedal to the metal or guide it skillfully through a slalom course The models Car 78 Robot 81 Dump truck 87 Sports car 93 Goooooal 98 A soccer match between robots Is that possible Sure Competitions like that already exist Here s your chance to stage one yourself The models Soccer game 99 A Look into the Future 108 Packages delivered b...

Страница 6: ...en have several gear wheels installed in a row In order for the models to work well these gears will have to mesh well Otherwise the force from one gear wheel won t be properly transferred to the next You have probably also discovered the worm screw by now It looks a little like the thread of a screw It will also have to mesh tightly into the installed gear wheels See page 20 to learn more Battery...

Страница 7: ...are a lot of things that they can do One of their most important tasks is to support us in our work In fact the name robot comes from the Czech word robota which can be translated as work The 20 models in this kit will give you a fascinating look into the world of robots Let s start with a classic the robotic arm 3 5 ...

Страница 8: ...1 1x 2 4 5 6 7 1x 3x 2x 5x 2x 2x 9 6x 8 3x 11 3x 12 3x 13 14 15 17 18 2x 2x 1x 3x 2x 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 31 10 4x 4x 2x 2x 2x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 1x 8x 24x 34 35 36 37 40 1 2 3 6 ROBOTIC ARM ...

Страница 9: ...4 5 6 7 8 7 The Robotic Arm ...

Страница 10: ...9 10 11 12 13 14 8 ROBOTIC ARM ...

Страница 11: ...15 16 17 18 9 The Robotic Arm ...

Страница 12: ...19 20 Done 10 ROBOTIC ARM ...

Страница 13: ...ught the entire stack to the new location 6 Or you can try transporting all of the boxes at once Or try using a support platform for your cargo such as the experiment kit box 7 And now for the ultimate challenge Set a coin on its edge grab it with the robotic arm and set it back down on its edge again WHAT S HAPPENING The touch pad works more or less the same as the touch pad of a tablet computer ...

Страница 14: ...uators or movable components such as motors that change the shape position and orientation of the robot the robot s controls the mechanical framework the robot s drive mechanism The science that deals with robots is known as robotics Robotics experts distinguish autonomous robots from robots that are controlled remotely like the ones in this kit Likewise robots can work either in one fixed place o...

Страница 15: ...ch things as welding LEGGED ROBOTS Legged robots are able to move with the help of legs Usually they have four or six legs so they don t tip over so easily ROBOTIC TRANSPORTERS These workhorses are already being used for many tasks For example they can pick up boxes all by themselves transport them and put them down again see the Check it out section starting on page 75 HUMANOID ROBOTS Humanoid is...

Страница 16: ... serious accidents fires or earthquakes In these applications robots have to be able to do tricky things like crawl across difficult terrain or push aside rubble to name just two Robots still have a hard time with demanding tasks like these But who knows They may soon be performing even more rescue operations and taking more injured victims out of harm s way 14 ...

Страница 17: ...x 2x 9 4x 8 2x 11 3x 12 3x 14 15 17 18 1x 1x 2x 1x 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 31 2x 2x 2x 2x 3x 1x 20x 34 35 36 37 40 1x 2x 1x 1x 2x 16 1x 33 1x 32 2x 29 1x 23 4x 10 4x 19 4x B B A A 1 3 4 2 5 BULLDOZER 15 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 18: ...6 7 8 9 16 BULLDOZER ...

Страница 19: ...10 11 17 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 20: ...12 13 18 BULLDOZER ...

Страница 21: ...14 Done 15 19 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 22: ...king tape to mark each spot and write a note on each piece of tape indicating which object should be placed there 6 As soon as you have arranged all the bits of masking tape place the bulldozer on its marked starting position 7 On your marks get set go Use the stop watch to measure the amount of time each contestant takes to finish WHAT S HAPPENING You have probably noticed how the transmission fo...

Страница 23: ... 4 6 7 1x 3x 6x 8x 2x 9 2x 8 4x 11 2x 12 1x 14 15 1x 4x 20 21 22 24 25 27 31 2x 2x 2x 2x 1x 12x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 2x 16 2x 33 10x 28 2x 10 2x 30 2x 39 2x 38 2x 1 2 21 Can Robots Push and Crawl ROBO BEETLE ...

Страница 24: ...3 4 5 6 22 ROBO BEETLE ...

Страница 25: ...8 7 10 9 2x 23 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 26: ...11 12 13 24 ROBO BEETLE ...

Страница 27: ...14 15 16 Done 25 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 28: ...he floor Then set the box on top of the frames 7 Fill the screw on cap almost to the brim with water and set it on the box Now have the beetle move toward the screw on cap and grab it 8 Turn the beetle a little and carry the screw on cap to another location in the room that you have selected as your goal If you manage to get there without spilling any water you are the champion WHAT S HAPPENING If...

Страница 29: ...1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 2x 6x 9 4x 8 4x 11 1x 13 2x 15 2x 21 22 24 26 32 4x 1x 3x 2x 2x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 2x 16 2x 29 2x 10 2x 31 5x 17 1x 19 2x 23 2x 1 2 27 Can Robots Push and Crawl BALL MACHINE ...

Страница 30: ...3 4 5 28 BALL MACHINE ...

Страница 31: ...7 10 11 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 7 6 9 8 29 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 32: ...7 8 9 10 11 10 11 10 11 30 BALL MACHINE ...

Страница 33: ...12 OK 12 OK 12 Done 31 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 34: ... S HAPPENING Your ball machine is equipped with a pushing element You can move it back and forth although for this you also need a rotating motor with the element mounted off center This kind of mechanism sometimes known as an eccentric consists of a drive pulley the yellow gear wheel whose center the red anchor pin lies outside the shaft axis An eccentric can be used to convert rotational into le...

Страница 35: ...1 2 2 5 2 3 4 M2 1 2 2 5 7 2 3 4 M2 1 2 5 4 2 2 2 3 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 1x 2x 4x 9 5x 8 3x 22 25 32 2x 2x 2x 35 40 2x 6x 10 4x 31 6x 5 3x 20 2x 34 39 2x 38 2x 1x 1 2 3 4 2x 2x 33 Can Robots Push and Crawl BAT ...

Страница 36: ... 2 6 5 2 7 2 3 5 7 2 3 10 8 5 7 8 6 2x 34 BAT ...

Страница 37: ...9 11 OK 10 9 11 9 10 11 8 OK 9 11 10 Done 35 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 38: ...3 Warm up by familiarizing yourself with the controls and movements of your bat 4 Now get your bat into the race Set it on the starting line facing the finish line 5 Ideally have a teammate give the starting instructions for example On your marks get set go and measure the time with the stop watch 6 Write down the time and let the next player take a turn Who will win the race KEYWORD BIONICS In ro...

Страница 39: ...M5 2 3 6 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 1x 3x 9 4x 8 2x 11 2x 12 3x 14 15 17 2x 1x 1x 21 24 25 26 31 2x 2x 2x 2x 15x 35 36 37 39 2x 1x 1x 2x 16 2x 33 5x 32 2x 29 1x 10 4x 19 2x 5 1x 28 1x 30 2x 1 3 2 37 Can Robots Push and Crawl STAG BEETLE ...

Страница 40: ...3 4 5 6 7 8 M5 2 3 5 6 7 8 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 5 6 7 8 5 7 4 6 8 38 STAG BEETLE ...

Страница 41: ...10 11 13 12 9 10 12 9 11 10 9 11 39 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 42: ...11 13 13 12 12 13 40 STAG BEETLE ...

Страница 43: ...14 OK 15 14 OK 15 14 OK 15 Done 14 15 41 Can Robots Push and Crawl ...

Страница 44: ...grip not a smooth one Try experimenting with a variety of floor surfaces 3 The goal is to pop a wheelie That means you ll have to accelerate both rear wheels as much as possible in the shortest time This will make the front of the stag beetle lift up as it rides on its back wheels You can also do it by driving the stag beetle quickly in reverse and then abruptly switching to forward 4 Decide where...

Страница 45: ...accidents and catastrophes they might have to respond to in the future The experts came up with a list of eight tasks that robots will have to be able to handle in order to be fit for emergencies These are the eight challenges of the robot octathlon It may sound easy but robots have to be able to master all of these things in emergency situations It s still a little beyond the abilities of today s...

Страница 46: ...ransmit images of a burning house directly to the fire department That lets the emergency personnel get an overview of the situation without having to send people into harm s way Another contestant did better Schaft a Japanese robot even managed to back down a stairway without a handrail But even he could only do that very slowly And this is how one contestant looks This is Atlas an American robot...

Страница 47: ...ots They are already pretty good at that today What is it that they have to be able to do They have to pick up the cargo precisely deliver it accurately to the specified spot and set it down there carefully It sounds easy But the next experiments will show you that robots don t have an easy task here 45 ...

Страница 48: ...M7 M7 M7 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 3x 6x 9 5x 8 1x 11 2x 14 1x 20 24 26 2x 3x 1x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 4x 16 1x 10 3x 31 12x 17 2x 19 2x 23 2x 5 1x 33 7x 25 2x 1 2 3 46 FORKLIFT ...

Страница 49: ...M7 5 4 6 47 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 50: ...7 8 9 7 8 9 9 OK 7 8 48 FORKLIFT ...

Страница 51: ...10 11 OK 10 11 12 9 9 OK 10 9 11 9 9 OK 49 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 52: ...OK 13 12 OK 10 OK 13 12 12 13 Done 50 FORKLIFT ...

Страница 53: ...t the forklift will tip forward over the front axle The principle behind that is known as leverage This refers to the action of a system consisting of a rigid body fastened to a point of rotation In this case the rigid body is the forklift while the point of rotation is the front axle The physical science description of this kind of system is called the lever principle In simplified form and appli...

Страница 54: ...11 2 1 3 5 4 6 M11 2 1 3 5 4 6 M11 2 1 3 5 4 6 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 4x 5x 9 6x 8 4x 11 3x 12 3x 14 17 2x 1x 21 24 25 26 31 2x 1x 1x 2x 25x 35 36 40 41 2x 1x 8x 1x 18 1x 33 3x 29 2x 10 4x 5 3x 23 2x 34 1x 13 2x 1 2 4 3 5 52 CRANE ...

Страница 55: ...7 3 8 5 4 7 6 9 10 11 9 8 4 6 8 7 9 6 53 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 56: ...13 12 10 12 9 10 11 12 13 beginning of the string 1 1 Tie a knot and wind the string about ten times around the shaft 2 3 end of the string 10 11 12 4 Tie a knot 54 CRANE ...

Страница 57: ...14 1 2 16 15 15 1 2 16 18 17 Step 2 14 17 15 16 Step 1 55 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 58: ...1 19 OK 17 20 18 20 18 20 19 OK 17 20 18 19 A A B B C C Done 20 56 CRANE ...

Страница 59: ...on the driver s cab behind the receiver 8 Hang the cup on the hook Now you can slowly lift the cup and swing it around in a circle As the sand trickles out it will create a circle of sand all around the crane How cleanly can you draw it 9 Don t forget to sweep up the sand afterwards WHAT S HAPPENING Since the motors are mounted on the crane in a way that makes them easy to see let s take this oppo...

Страница 60: ...2 4 3 M14 2 1 2 4 3 M14 2 1 2 4 3 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 2x 2x 8x 9 6x 8 4x 11 3x 12 3x 15 17 2x 2x 21 25 26 27 31 4x 2x 2x 1x 26x 34 35 36 37 40 1x 2x 1x 1x 2x 33 1x 23 2x 10 4x 19 4x 5 2x 2x 1 2 3 58 TRACTOR TRAILER ...

Страница 61: ...4 5 6 7 8 9 6 7 8 4 5 5 4 6 7 59 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 62: ...6 7 10 8 9 10 8 9 10 8 9 8 10 9 60 TRACTOR TRAILER ...

Страница 63: ...12 OK 11 12 OK 11 11 12 Done 12 OK 11 61 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 64: ...ich you can park by driving straight backwards 3 Now position the tractor trailer just in front of the parking space and try backing into the space Try starting from different positions 4 Make another parking space in which you can park parallel to the driving direction 5 Now drive your tractor trailer alongside the parking space and try to reverse into it DID YOU KNOW There are also other kinds o...

Страница 65: ... 1 3 4 5 6 2 M15 3 6 1 4 5 2 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 1x 6x 8x 9 4x 8 1x 11 3x 12 2x 15 2x 22 23 26 27 31 2x 4x 1x 1x 15x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 7x 16 2x 10 4x 39 2x 38 2x 13 2x 17 1x 41 1x 1 2 3 4 63 Robots for Transport ELEVATOR ...

Страница 66: ...5 6 8 7 3 5 6 8 7 3 4 5 6 8 7 M15 1 3 4 5 6 8 7 5 7 6 8 64 ELEVATOR ...

Страница 67: ...9 10 Cotton string head Make a knot 9 11 12 Cotton string Make a kno 9 11 12 9 10 65 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 68: ...11 12 Cotton string he Make a knot 11 13 12 Cotton string head Make a knot 9 10 13 12 Cotton string head Make a knot 11 13 12 beginning of the string Tie a knot 66 ELEVATOR ...

Страница 69: ...14 Cotton string End Make a knot 15 OK 14 Cotton string End Make a knot 15 14 Cotton string End Make a knot 15 OK Done 14 15 end of the string Tie a knot 67 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 70: ... The assembled elevator IR remote control 5 AA batteries or 5 AA rechargeable batteries Masking tape Toy figure HERE S HOW 1 Use three small pieces of masking tape to mark the floor levels of three different stories on one of the four vertical support pieces 2 If you like place a toy figure in the cabin of your elevator 3 Now try operating the elevator between different stories See if you can stop...

Страница 71: ... 4 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 6x 8x 2x 9 6x 8 2x 11 2x 12 3x 14 15 2x 4x 20 21 22 24 25 27 31 4x 2x 4x 2x 1x 18x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 8x 19 4x 33 9x 10 4x 17 2x 34 1x 29 2x 26 2x 23 2x 1 2 69 Robots for Transport SCISSOR LIFT ...

Страница 72: ...3 4 5 M19 1 3 4 5 M19 1 2 3 4 5 M19 1 2 3 4 5 3 5 4 70 SCISSOR LIFT ...

Страница 73: ... 2 3 6 7 9 10 11 12 8 2 3 6 7 9 10 12 2 7 9 10 12 11 8 13 2 3 6 7 9 10 11 12 8 13 2 14 3 6 7 9 10 11 12 8 3x 7 6 10 8 11 9 71 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 74: ...15 16 13 2 14 10 12 13 2 14 11 8 13 2 14 11 12 13 14 15 2x 2x 72 SCISSOR LIFT ...

Страница 75: ...17 15 16 OK 17 15 16 OK 16 17 Done 7 16 OK 73 Robots for Transport ...

Страница 76: ...ut of something like books or blocks One should be about five centimeters lower than the maximum height the other about the minimum height Place the two a little distance apart 4 Now set a box on top of the higher column and drive the lift right up to it so that the front of the lift platform touches the column 5 Raise the lift precisely to the height of the column At this point you might have to ...

Страница 77: ...an then be transported under the guidance of a computer to a different location for packing shipping or storage IN THE WARNING ZONE SLOW DOWN IN THE SAFETY ZONE STOP Similar conditions can be found in hospitals where vast quantities of laundry food and medical equipment must be transported to and fro every day Robots find their way around with the use of hosptial floor plans stored inside them Of ...

Страница 78: ... is the PATSY system PATSY which stands for Person recognizing Autonomous Transport System is used for container transport inside hospitals In the future PATSY will not only recognize obstacles it will even be able to classify them all by itself To do that the robot is equipped with laser scanners and a 3D camera This autonomous technology might also come in handy for other applications For exampl...

Страница 79: ...try professionals answer that question with a resounding yes Auto engineers have even set a firm date for that By the year 2020 completely ordinary cars should be able to drive autonomously The idea is a little spooky isn t it With the models and experiments that follow though you are still in the driver s seat 77 ...

Страница 80: ...7 1 3 5 2 4 M1 6 1 3 5 2 4 M1 1 3 2 4 1 1x 2 4 6 1x 2x 2x 9 2x 26 32 2x 2x 36 42 1x 1x 10 4x 31 4x 25 1x 35 37 1x 2x 11 1x 13 1x 19 2x 33 1x 40 2x 43 1x 1 2 3 78 CAR ...

Страница 81: ...6 7 3 5 OK 4 6 7 3 5 OK 4 6 7 3 5 OK 4 6 7 3 5 OK 4 M1 6 7 1 3 5 OK 2 4 4 6 5 7 Done 79 Driving Robots ...

Страница 82: ...4 meters time needed 20 seconds In meters per second that equals a speed of 2 4 m 20 s 0 12 m s But driving speed is typically calculated in km h or kilometers per hour in the scientific community and in mph miles per hour in the United States To convert m s to km h you will first have to know that a kilometer is 1 000 meters One hour is 3 600 seconds So we can set up this equation One kilometer i...

Страница 83: ...4 2 1 4 5 6 3 2 M4 2 1 4 5 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 6x 4x 9 4x 8 4x 11 2x 12 2x 13 15 17 2x 2x 2x 21 22 24 26 31 4x 2x 4x 2x 22x 34 35 36 37 40 1x 2x 1x 1x 6x 16 2x 33 2x 32 1x 10 4x 19 2x 38 2x 39 1x 2x 1 2 3 4 81 Driving Robots ROBOT ...

Страница 84: ...8 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 2 4 5 6 7 5 7 6 8 1 2 82 ROBOT ...

Страница 85: ...8 9 10 11 12 2 13 8 9 10 11 12 2 13 8 9 10 11 12 9 10 11 1 2 83 Driving Robots ...

Страница 86: ...17 15 14 17 16 15 14 2 13 12 2 13 12 2x 12 14 15 13 84 ROBOT ...

Страница 87: ...17 OK 16 15 14 18 17 OK 16 15 14 18 17 OK 16 18 17 OK 16 18 Done 16 17 18 85 Driving Robots ...

Страница 88: ...loon back up before it hits the ground WHAT S HAPPENING Keeping a ball in the air also known as juggling isn t very easy at first The best technique is to tap the balloon with a brief well aimed movement Try not to hit the balloon too high in the air That way you will have better control DID YOU KNOW Robots are some of the most beloved characters in science fiction films Here are just a few C 3PO ...

Страница 89: ...4 B 1 M9 A 1 A 2 B 3 A B B 4 B 1 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 6x 7x 9 5x 8 3x 11 3x 12 3x 14 15 17 1x 1x 2x 21 22 24 25 26 27 31 4x 2x 2x 2x 3x 1x 18x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 2x 16 2x 33 8x 32 2x 29 2x 23 2x 10 4x 19 4x 30 2x 28 1x 5 3x 1 2 A1 A2 B1 A B 87 Driving Robots DUMP TRUCK ...

Страница 90: ...B 2 B 3 B 4 B 1 C 2 C D C 1 C 3 C 2 C D C 1 C 3 C 2 C D C 1 C 3 C 2 C D C 1 C 3 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 1 C1 3 B2 B3 B4 C2 C3 C 88 DUMP TRUCK ...

Страница 91: ...D C 3 D 1 D 2 D 1 D C 3 D 1 D 2 D 3 A B D 4 A B C D 3 A B D 4 4 D1 D2 D3 D4 D 89 Driving Robots ...

Страница 92: ...A B D 4 ABCD A B C A B ABCD A B C A B ABCD A B C 5 7 6 8 A B A B C D A B C 90 DUMP TRUCK ...

Страница 93: ...OK OK OK Done 9 91 Driving Robots ...

Страница 94: ...anding zone behind the parking space 6 The better you get at unloading the smaller you can make the landing zone WHAT S HAPPENING A dump truck is a special construction truck with an open box bed on it It is ideal for loose pourable material such as soil or sand Since the dumping bed just like an inclined plane can be tilted the material can just slide off the cargo bed all by itself if the bed is...

Страница 95: ...M13 1 2 3 6 4 5 M13 2 4 1 1x 2 4 7 1x 1x 5x 8 3x 26 32 1x 2x 35 40 2x 6x 10 1x 31 4x 5 1x 24 2x 34 37 1x 36 1x 1x 16 2x 19 2x 33 2x 1 2 93 Driving Robots SPORTS CAR ...

Страница 96: ...3 6 OK 5 3 2 6 4 3 OK 5 M13 2 6 4 3 6 OK 5 3 4 6 5 Done 94 SPORTS CAR ...

Страница 97: ... This will help you figure out whether a surface with more grip or traction allows you to make faster times WHAT S HAPPENING In this experiment you repeated the same experiment several times under the same conditions Scientists often perform a series of tests or experiments in exactly this same way This is because in a single experiment it s easy to do something wrong press the stopwatch too soon ...

Страница 98: ...xciting with robots when they are able to move around in their surroundings all by themselves To do that though they have to orient themselves They have to know where they are and what s going on around them where their goal is and where and how to keep moving Below we present a few important kinds of technology for autonomous robots CAMERAS AND LASER SCANNERS By using cameras a robot can create a...

Страница 99: ... robot inside a building that relies completely on GPS would therefore get completely disoriented and lost This is where wireless LAN technology comes in handy the same type of technology you know from your PC laptop or tablet computer or smartphone WLAN can also be used to establish a wireless connection between a robot and a central computer Appearing today in a home near you robotic vacuum clea...

Страница 100: ...ake penalty kicks practice dribbling and even play a match against an opponent Or how about a match against several opponents And how long do you guess it might take before world class soccer players no longer stand a chance against robotic players Roboticists have already set their own goals to ensure that such a day will indeed come 98 ...

Страница 101: ...2 2 3 4 M16 1 2 2 3 4 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 3x 7x 9 6x 8 3x 11 3x 12 2x 14 15 17 2x 3x 4x 20 22 24 25 26 31 1x 4x 3x 1x 2x 11x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 8x 16 2x 33 9x 23 10 2x 19 4x 28 2x 13 1x 2x 1 3 2x 2 99 Goooooal SOCCER GAME ...

Страница 102: ...5 4 M16 1 2 3 5 4 4 5 100 SOCCER GAME ...

Страница 103: ...12 6 8 10 11 7 12 13 6 8 9 10 11 7 6 8 9 11 7 6 7 8 101 Goooooal ...

Страница 104: ...12 13 9 10 11 12 13 9 10 11 13 11 7 2 13 8 10 11 7 12 9 10 9 11 13 12 10 102 SOCCER GAME ...

Страница 105: ...4 OK As the ball shot into the goal 14 OK As the ball shot into the goal 14 OK As the ball shot into the goal 14 Done 103 Goooooal ...

Страница 106: ...ty also known as kinetic momentum or quantity of motion Any moving object can either fully or partly transfer its momentum to another object or have the other object s momentum transferred to itself such as when one of them strikes the other Another example of momentum is the impact of the force of a boxer s fist transferred to a boxing bag DID YOU KNOW Robots are sometimes used to play soccer in ...

Страница 107: ...lly cross the finish line with the ball to the left of the first gate It isn t as easy as you might think But you ll soon get the hang of it with a little practice WHAT S HAPPENING The robot in this experiment as well as Experiments 16 and 18 has special steering controls Unlike the dump truck in Experiment 14 this robot is not controlled by an Ackerman steering mechanism which is common in cars a...

Страница 108: ... Whoever is the first to get three goals is the winner WHAT S HAPPENING This experiment is all about having fun playing So let s cut right to the chase and sum up the most important rules If the ball lands in the goal the shooter gets a point and the other player gets to kick off If the ball doesn t land in the goal after a shot the player whose color has the upper hand gets to continue If one pla...

Страница 109: ...n and games robot soccer involves artificial intelligence or AI which means the creation of human like intelligence A computer has to accomplish tasks and solve problems all by itself As a standard problem for artificial intelligence soccer is actually quite challenging In addition to intelligent programming to handle the planning and learning of moves the robots also have to be able to handle the...

Страница 110: ... something from a science fiction movie a robot with its high precision sensors and controls might be able to drill much more accurately than a human Who knows where robotic technology may take us Even today every large airplane has an autopilot on board Could planes fly entirely without pilots some day Unimaginable Or is it 108 ...

Страница 111: ... M10 1 2 4 3 M10 1 2 4 5 3 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 5x 2x 9 4x 8 2x 11 3x 12 3x 14 17 1x 2x 23 24 25 26 3x 1x 1x 2x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 6x 16 1x 33 1x 31 23x 10 3x 20 2x 5 2x 28 1x 18 1x 34 1x 1 3 2 4 109 A Look into the Future DRILLING ROBOT ...

Страница 112: ...5 6 5 6 7 8 9 10 7 8 9 5 7 6 8 110 DRILLING ROBOT ...

Страница 113: ...9 11 12 10 8 9 11 12 10 7 8 9 11 12 10 9 10 11 111 A Look into the Future ...

Страница 114: ...13 15 14 13 15 14 11 12 12 13 14 112 DRILLING ROBOT ...

Страница 115: ...15 OK 15 OK 15 Done 113 A Look into the Future ...

Страница 116: ...5 M17 2 1 6 A 4 M17 2 3 4 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 1x 4x 9 4x 8 2x 11 2x 13 2x 15 2x 21 22 24 25 32 2x 2x 3x 2x 2x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 2x 16 2x 26 10 2x 31 11x 17 1x 19 2x 14 1x 33 1x 39 2x 38 2x 1x 1 2 3 114 DOMESTIC ROBOT ...

Страница 117: ...6 A 4 6 B 5 6 A 4 6 B 5 6 A 4 6 B 5 A B 7 A 4 6 7 5 B A B 115 A Look into the Future ...

Страница 118: ...A 8 9 A B 7 8 9 8 9 116 DOMESTIC ROBOT ...

Страница 119: ...11 OK 10 11 OK 10 11 OK 10 10 11 Done 117 A Look into the Future ...

Страница 120: ...M8 1 2 3 4 5 M8 1 2 3 4 5 2 4 M8 1 3 5 6 1 1x 2 4 7 1x 2x 3x 8 2x 26 2x 35 40 2x 2x 9 4x 31 15x 6 2x 23 2x 34 37 1x 36 1x 1x 18 1x 19 4x 25 2x 10 4x 11 2x 12 3x 1 2 3 4 118 TUNNEL DRILLING MACHINE ...

Страница 121: ...5 6 7 5 6 7 5 6 7 9 8 5 7 6 8 119 A Look into the Future ...

Страница 122: ...OK 9 10 OK 9 10 8 OK 9 10 8 9 10 Done 120 TUNNEL DRILLING MACHINE ...

Страница 123: ... 1 1x 2 4 6 7 1x 3x 6x 8x 9 6x 8 4x 11 1x 12 3x 14 15 17 2x 2x 4x 21 22 24 25 26 27 31 3x 2x 3x 2x 2x 1x 24x 35 36 37 40 2x 1x 1x 8x 16 2x 33 10x 32 2x 23 3x 10 4x 19 2x 5 3x 13 1x 18 1x 34 1x 20 2x 4x 1 3 2 121 A Look into the Future AIRPLANE ...

Страница 124: ...5 4 6 4 6 6 5 7 8 9 7 8 9 4 6 7 8 5 122 AIRPLANE ...

Страница 125: ...10 9 11 13 10 9 10 11 10 9 123 A Look into the Future ...

Страница 126: ...12 14 17 6 13 15 16 13 15 16 12 14 17 11 12 13 14 15 17 16 11 12 13 14 17 16 12 14 13 16 15 17 124 AIRPLANE ...

Страница 127: ...18 19 OK 18 19 OK 18 19 OK 18 19 Done 125 A Look into the Future ...

Страница 128: ... Right now airplane engineers are designing pilotless flying machines such as drones which are controlled remotely by an expert Fully autonomous airplanes have not left the drawing board But who knows Experts have already planned test flights to monitor borders or search for victims of air or sea crashes The future also holds the promise of flying packages or more precisely delivery drones Amazon ...

Страница 129: ...the paper to the page with a couple strips of masking tape will keep it from slipping Then cut your template out along the cutting lines Next lay the template onto some colored card stock or thick construction paper and trace all around its edge with a pen Also mark the areas where the dashed lines are Cut out the box or pallet and fold it along the dashed lines Then apply glue to the shaded surfa...

Страница 130: ...Pallet Template 128 ...

Страница 131: ...publisher has made every effort to locate the holders of image rights for all of the photos used If in any individual cases any holders of image rights have not been acknowledged they are asked to provide evidence to the publisher of their image rights so that they may be paid an image fee in line with the industry standard 1st English Edition 2014 Thames Kosmos LLC Providence RI USA Thames Kosmos...

Страница 132: ...7 70184 Stuttgart Germany 49 0 711 2191 0 www kosmos de Thames Kosmos 301 Friendship St Providence RI 02903 USA 1 800 587 2872 www thamesandkosmos com Thames Kosmos UK Ltd Goudhurst Kent TN17 2QZ United Kingdom 01580 212000 www thamesandkosmos co uk 620370 03 050614 ...

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