Teledyne Photometrics Everywhereyoulook KINETIX Скачать руководство пользователя страница 23 | Manualshive

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Teledyne Photometrics Everywhereyoulook KINETIX Скачать руководство пользователя страница 23

14

58-723-004 Rev A00

In the CMOS sensor section, it was noted that a drawback to current CMOS sensors is
variability in pixel to pixel response. This variability falls into two categories, static
variation in gain and offset and dynamic fluctuations that require real-time Pixel Noise

Filters, also known as “Despeckling”.

The static variation in gain and offset is measured and a correction factor is determined for
every pixel. This fixed pattern noise is measured during manufacture and the corrections
are stored in the camera. These corrections are then applied in real-time to each image.

The dynamic fluctuations must be detected and corrected in real-time. Kinetix has several
noise filters for this purpose. Defect detection is based on use of a conditional median

filter. The 3x3 neighborhood surrounding a pixel is examined. If the pixel’s value exceeds or

falls below the median by a given amount, its value is replaced by the median.

Four filters are available:

Real-time Filters for Random Telegraph Noise:

1.

Despeckle

Dark Low

2.

Despeckle

Bright Low

Real-time Filters for Bright (Hot) or Dark Pixels:

3.

Despeckle

Dark High

4.

Despeckle

Bright High

“Dark” filters work on the low side of the local median, while “Bright” filters work on the
high side of the local median. The filter is only applied if the pixel’s value exceeds (or is

below) a threshold expressed as a percent of the local median x 100.

For example, a

Despeckle Dark

Low threshold of “97” indicates that a pixel that is 3% below

the local median will be replaced with the local median. A

Despeckle Bright High

threshold

of “300” indicates that a pixel that is 200% brighter than the local me

dian will be replaced.

The intensity range where each filter operates can be set by a value known as “Minimum
ADU AFFECTED”. Take the “Dark” filters for example –

pixel values that fall below the

Minimum ADU Affected will be operated on using

Despeckle Dark Low

, and pixel values

that lie above the

Minimum ADU Affected

will be operated on using

Despeckle Dark High

settings.
Given the new terminology

–

a simplified way to visualize the region in which each filter

operates is shown below:

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Содержание Everywhereyoulook KINETIX

Страница 1: ...i ...

Страница 2: ...ii 58 723 004 Rev A00 ...

Страница 3: ... the use thereof The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Revision of this publication may be issued to incorporate such change LIMITED WARRANTY Teledyne Photometrics Teledyne Photometrics us we our makes the following limited warranties These limited warranties extend to the original purchaser You you only and no other purchaser or transferee We have complete control o...

Страница 4: ...rsion upgrades Version upgrades supplied free of charge will be in the form of a download from the Internet Those customers who do not have access to the Internet may obtain the version upgrades on a USB memory device from our factory for an incidental shipping and handling charge Owner s Manual and Troubleshooting You should read the owner s manual thoroughly before operating this product In the ...

Страница 5: ...ne Photometrics liability exceed the cost of the repair or replacement of the defective product or part This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights that may vary from state to state and from country to country Some states and countries do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts when an action may be brought or the exclusion or limita...

Страница 6: ...vi 58 723 004 Rev A00 ...

Страница 7: ...About This Manual 1 Precautions 1 Environmental Requirements 2 Storage Requirements 2 Microscopes Lenses and Tripods 2 Repairs 2 Cleaning 2 Chapter 2 System Installation 3 Introduction 3 Getting to Know Kinetix 4 Software Compatibility Requirements 4 Host Computer Requirements 5 Software Installation 5 Installing the PCI Express Interface Card 5 Connecting Kinetix to PCI Express Bus 8 Connecting K...

Страница 8: ...20 Timed Mode Internal 20 Trigger First Mode 21 Edge Mode 21 Level Mode 21 Expose Out Modes 22 First Row 22 Any Row 22 Line Output Mode 23 Rolling Shutter Mode 23 Multiple Output Triggers 24 SMART Streaming 24 Fan Speed Control and Liquid Cooling 25 Time Stamps 25 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 27 System Does Not Boot Normally 27 New Hardware Found Dialog Box Does Not Appear 27 Images Not Displayed 28 ...

Страница 9: ...ix 58 723 004 Rev A00 Kinetix Front Side Rear Views 29 Camera Weight 29 Sensor Specifications 29 Power Supply Specifications 30 Appendix Liquid Cooling Setup Instructions 31 ...

Страница 10: ...onents Precautions The CMOS sensor and other system electronics are extremely sensitive to electrostatic discharge ESD To avoid permanently damaging the system please observe the following precautions If using high voltage equipment such as an arc lamp with the camera system turn the camera power on last and when powering down power the camera off first Never connect or disconnect any cable while ...

Страница 11: ...ter or a T mount adapter The camera also allows you to install any lens that is compatible with the standard threaded video mounts as long as its optics do not extend behind the flange of the lens The Kinetix can be mounted to optical tables tripods and copy stands using the eight 20 threaded attachment points located near the camera front on all sides A cross hair indicates the location of the se...

Страница 12: ...ata cable A 12V 10A power supply with international power cord set I O to 8 BNC trigger break out cable part number CBL IO 8 BNC USB memory device containing PVCAM library and drivers Quick Installation Guide PCI Express PCIe interface card PCI Express data cable C mount front plate F mount front plate T mount front plate Kinetix system components are linked by the PCI Express or USB3 data cable a...

Страница 13: ...peed Data Connection PCI E High Speed Connection In Out Liquid Cooling Connections Initializing LED blinking indicates the camera is booting up Power Switch Turns the camera on and off Trigger Hirose HR10A 10R 10S for use with Photometrics trigger to BNC break out cable CBL IO 8 BNC DC IN Connection to external 12V 10A DC power supply Software Compatibility Requirements Unless there is a preferred...

Страница 14: ...erface software for Windows based computers Additional instructions are included for installing a PCI Express interface card in the computer The Photometrics USB memory device contains the following files Manuals Directory contains user manuals in PDF format Customer Case Studies application examples Imaging Software a copy of the Free Open Source Software Application Micromanager Technical Notes ...

Страница 15: ...and performance it is important that the camera is powered on for 30 seconds before starting the PC This will ensure that as the computer goes through the boot process it discovers the camera on the PCIe bus Install the High Speed PCI Express Interface Note The model of PCIe card shipped with the camera may differ from the one shown in the photo Before attempting to operate the camera first instal...

Страница 16: ...t information on the side cover Holding the PCIe card and being careful not to touch the board components or PCIe bridge pins insert it with the proper orientation into the open slot The card should slide into place with minimal resistance and snap when fully inserted The Kinetix camera data cable is a quick insertion quick release cable that works with the interface card and camera Either end of ...

Страница 17: ...ector on the rear of the camera 3 Plug the power cord into the power supply and then into a suitable wall outlet 4 Switch on the camera power switch on the side of camera 5 Wait 30 seconds before powering on the PC Tip The power supply and connector used by the Kinetix camera is a common type However Photometrics carefully selects power supplies for optimum noise performance EMI compliance and sta...

Страница 18: ... hubs Note that the ends of the USB3 2 cables are different between the camera and PC and require a specific orientation The camera has a USB C connector and the computer will typically have either a USB A or USB C connector Do not force insertion when connecting the cable if significant resistance is encountered stop reexamine the connection and if correct retry With the cable connected on both e...

Страница 19: ...itization of pixels results in low frame rates This speed penalty increases with the number of pixels to be digitized CMOS sensors leverage many of the same analog signal concepts used in CCD s but places the output node circuitry inside each pixel This eliminates the charge transfer process To read the signal from a given row the accumulated charge is converted to a voltage inside the pixel then ...

Страница 20: ...able of measuring signals up to the pixel s 20 000 electron full well capacity Combining the two measurements into a single 16 bit value is the function of the digital gain combiner This mathematical operation is performed on the cameras FPGA The result is a single gain of approximately 0 3 e ADU In practice the Kinetix offers both a combined ADC 16 bit output as well as 12 bit and 8 bit single AD...

Страница 21: ...osure Row by Row Exposure Start End Offset The downside of Rolling Shutter readout is that changes in the scene on similar time scales is distorted as each row samples the image at different times This is the well known rubber band effect but can appear in fluorescence microscopy as shaded illumination when rapidly changing wavelengths To maintain the benefit of Rolling Shutter readout and elimina...

Страница 22: ...y discarded Unlike CCDs there is limited benefit to performing multiple pre exposure clearing cycles with CMOS because each pixel is reset as part of the normal readout process and the charge transfer registers that can hold residual signals are not present Bias Offset Scientific cameras produce a fixed artificial signal offset known as bias offset This offset is present even when no light is fall...

Страница 23: ...ble Real time Filters for Random Telegraph Noise 1 Despeckle Dark Low 2 Despeckle Bright Low Real time Filters for Bright Hot or Dark Pixels 3 Despeckle Dark High 4 Despeckle Bright High Dark filters work on the low side of the local median while Bright filters work on the high side of the local median The filter is only applied if the pixel s value exceeds or is below a threshold expressed as a p...

Страница 24: ... the filters can be seen Adjust the filters to trim the non Gaussian tails from the distribution For Dark High and Bright High observe the image with flat even illumination in the expected range to be observed Adjust Bright High to eliminate most of the bright speckles and adjust Dark High to eliminate any dark speckles that might appear Although they can be set independently it is recommended to ...

Страница 25: ...CMS modes trades off dynamic range for lower read noise The Speed 8 bit mode provides the highest frame rates Bias Offset Setting The factory default bias level is approximately 100 ADU in the Dynamic Range and Sensitivity modes The default bias level is approximately 20 ADU in the Speed mode If supported by the software application being used the bias level can be changed It is recommended that t...

Страница 26: ... time Programmable Scan Mode Programmable Scan Mode provides increased control over the rolling shutter exposure and read out functionality of CMOS sensors The rolling shutter read out behavior is a common implementation on CMOS sensors and Programmable Scan Mode provides access to the sensor timing settings to allow optimization around imaging requirements Programmable Scan Mode provides access t...

Страница 27: ...longer than the default line time 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟 10𝜇𝑠 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 10 𝐷𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦 10𝜇𝑠 10 100𝜇𝑠 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 100𝜇𝑠 10𝜇𝑠 110𝜇𝑠 The frame rate when imaging in this mode is determined by the number of rows being imaged and the Effective Line Time 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑁𝑅𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 1 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 The minimum line delay value is 1 This is also the default value when Line De...

Страница 28: ...w Each subsequent frame acquisition restarts at the topmost row Up A scan direction of Up inverts the direction of read out The rolling shutter starts at the bottommost row and propagates upwards towards the topmost row Each subsequent frame acquisition restarts at the bottommost row The image orientation when acquired in this mode will not be inverted and will be consistent with the Down scan dir...

Страница 29: ...ose Out 3 Output for controlling illumination source 3 Expose Out 4 Output for controlling illumination source 4 A special BNC breakout cable is provided to easily access these signals and each break out BNC cable is labeled according to its function Note that one BNC output is a spare for future use Trigger Modes Kinetix supports four trigger modes and expose out behaviors The triggering modes an...

Страница 30: ...ttings expose out behavior and sequence size is set in the software application prior to acquiring the sequence Edge Mode Like Trigger First Mode Edge Mode requires a hardware trigger but this time for every frame The rising edge of the external trigger initiates capture of a single frame Each frame requires an external trigger from the I O connector Camera settings expose out behavior and sequenc...

Страница 31: ...ough First Row behavior provides the maximum camera frame rates it does not avoid the overlap due to rolling shutter This mode is not recommended if trying to alternate between excitation wavelengths Figure 7 Any Row The Expose Out I O signal leaving the camera is high when any row in a single frame is exposing The length of the Expose Out signal is equal to the time between the start of the first...

Страница 32: ...reates a rising edge for each row that the rolling shutter read out mechanism of the sensor advances Rolling Shutter Mode The Rolling Shutter Expose Out Mode is similar to First Row Mode except that the Expose Out signal is high only when all rows are exposing When Exposure time is less than readout time When Exposure time is more than readout time ...

Страница 33: ...tiple Acquisition Real Time Streaming aka SMART Streaming is an exclusive Photometrics camera feature that enables Kinetix to capture a continuous sequence of images while cycling through a maximum of 16 pre programmed exposure time values This avoids the overhead of host communication time resulting in very high frame rate imaging while maintaining the correct exposure level for each fluorophore ...

Страница 34: ...ntly left on with the air and liquid cooling disabled a protection circuit will trip preventing the camera from overheating This circuit disables current to the sensor cooling system until the camera returns In this case the camera is unable to cool the sensor When setting Kinetix on a flat surface be careful to not block the air vents Time Stamps Kinetix is able to output metadata that describes ...

Страница 35: ...will be displayed in the metadata tab with the prefix FMD for Frame metadata Note Kinetix has timestamps for Bof for Begin of Frame and Eof for End of Frame events which differ by approximately 10 ms which was the preset exposure time ...

Страница 36: ... New Hardware Found dialog box does not appear after installing a new interface card 1 Make sure the new interface card is inserted in an expansion slot according to the computer manufacturer s instructions 2 Ensure Kinetix is connected and powered on at least 10 seconds before starting the computer when using the PCIe interface 3 When using the USB3 2 interface wait for the LED on the rear of the...

Страница 37: ... the problem persists contact Photometrics Customer Service Camera Running Too Warm It is normal for the camera to be slightly warm to the touch while in operation However if it is more than slightly warm to the touch and at least one inch of space has been left around the external cooling fins for airflow switch off the camera immediately and contact Photometrics Customer Service PVCAM Error Mess...

Страница 38: ... 3 8lbs 1 7kg Sensor Specifications Window UV grade fused silica Broadband MgF2 anti reflective coating on both surfaces BSI Scientific CMOS Sensor Array Sensor Teledyne Photometrics Kinetix sensor Sensor Process Backside illuminated scientific CMOS Resolution 3200 x 3200 Pixel Size 6 5µm x 6 5µm ...

Страница 39: ...110V nominal Voltage Output 12V 10 A Maximum Power Output 140 W Power Supply Weight 1 80 lb 0 82 kg Supply Cable Length 4 ft 1 22 m Certifications CE UL CUL FCC PSE Efficiency level VI Note CE certification applies to the Kinetix camera only when the camera system operates with a CE approved power supply ...

Страница 40: ...n Camera Out Circulator In Listen for the click 6 Pull each connector to ensure they are locked 7 Inspect the set up to insure the hose connectors are secure at the cooler and camera 8 Set both the pump speed and fan speed to level 10 on the front display on the Circulator 9 Plug in the cooler and turn it on 10 Look through the clear cover on the coolant reservoir to observe the liquid level and c...

Страница 41: ...32 58 723 004 Rev A00 ...

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