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562E

7

The Controls in Detail

Threshold

The T

HRESHOLD

 control of the 562E sets the audio

signal level at which the expander/gate begins
working.  The expander/gate begins working once
the signal has fallen below the threshold level.

The T

HRESHOLD

 control setting also determines

the degree or amount of gain reduction (in
conjunction with the G

ATE

 R

ANGE

/E

XPANDER

 R

ATIO

control).  An expander/gate with a high threshold
setting will expand or gate the signal much more
than an expander/gate with a low threshold
setting.  Clockwise rotation of the T

HRESHOLD

control (i.e. setting a higher threshold level)
raises the level that the signal must exceed to
trigger the expander/gate to open, so that the
signal can pass through untouched.

The expander/gate has the effect of “shutting off” the signal once it falls to, and then drops
below, the threshold level.  The amount that the signal is “shut off” is determined by the G

ATE

R

ANGE

 or E

XPANDER

 R

ATIO

 control setting.

Expander Ratio

The 562E uses a downward expander, which only acts on signals that are below threshold.
The E

XPANDER

 R

ATIO

 of the 562E dictates how much the output changes for a below-threshold

change in the input. A linear amplifier (like a simple preamp) has a ratio of 1:1 because a
change of 1 dB at its input results in a 1 dB change at its output.

A downward expander magnifies output changes for a below-threshold input change. Thus,
once the input signal falls below threshold, the expander changes the output by the amount
dictated by the ratio. The 562E’s downward expander allows the user to vary the ratio of the
expander from 1:1 to 1:3.  When the E

XPANDER

 R

ATIO

 control is set to 1:3, a below-threshold

input signal that gets 5 dB quieter causes a 15 dB decrease at the output.  In other words, a
small drop in the input signal level (5 dB), occurring below threshold, turns into a much larger
drop in signal level at the output (15dB).

A special feature of the 562E’s ratio circuitry is that the ratio automatically reverts to 1:1 when
the input signal approaches 25dB below threshold.  For example, let’s say that you set the
THRESHOLD control to “0dB”, and the EXPANDER RATIO control for a 1:3 ratio.  Once the
input signal falls below 0dB, for every 1dB that the input signal drops, the output will drop by
3dB.  As the input signal approaches -25dB, the output signal will approach -75dB.  However
when the input signal reaches -25dB, the ratio will revert to 1:1 from that point on.  This means
that, with the E

XPANDER

 R

ATIO

 set to 1:3, when the input drops to -26dB, the output will drop to

-76dB.  When the input decreases to -27dB, the output will decrease to -77dB, and so on.  This
is to prevent any low level modulation of the expanded signal.  (Such modulation can be very
annoying.)

Gate Range

The range of a gate is the amount that the output level drops when the gate is triggered
“closed” by the input signal dropping below threshold.  The gate range of the 562E is adjust-
able from 0 to 80dBu.  If you set the G

ATE

 R

ANGE

 control to 80dBu, and set the T

HRESHOLD

control to -10dBu, then every time that the input signal to the 562E drops below -10dBu, the
gate of the 562E will drop the signal by 80dBu.  Thus an input signal of -12dBu would result in
-92dBu at the output of the gate.  Obviously, when the input signal level is so low that
engaging the gate causes it to drop to a level that is lower than the noise floor of the unit, the
output signal level of the 562E will no longer decrease by 80dBu from the input signal level.

Chapter 6

AUDIO INPUT

LEVEL

THRESHOLD LEVEL

GATE CONTROL 

VOLTAGE

AUDIO OUT

ATTACK

RANGE 
CONTROL

HOLD

RELEASE

Содержание 562E

Страница 1: ...562E Windowing Expander Gate User s Guide 562E ...

Страница 2: ...notice 1997 Symetrix Inc All right reserved Symetrix is a registered trademark of Symetrix Inc Mention of third party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation Symetrix assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products Under copyright laws no part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any for...

Страница 3: ...audio waveform This reduces trigger uncertainty jitters and attack distortion AutoWindowingyieldsanenvelope that is consistent and natural sounding It also increases envelope consistency by eliminating the artificial drop off that occurs in most gates at the end of the release cycle In the 562E the signal smoothly and continuously decreases at the end of the release cycle creating a much more plea...

Страница 4: ...62E or other equipment in your system Warning Identifiesinformationthat if ignored maybehazardousto yourhealthorthatofothers CAPITALS Controls switches or other markings on the 562E s chassis Boldface Strong emphasis Power source This product is intended to operate from a power source that does not apply more than 255Vrms between the power supply conductors or between either power supply conductor...

Страница 5: ... serviceable parts inside the chassis Refer all service to qualified servicepersonnelortothefactory Make your initial switch and control settings as follows SWITCH SETTING EXT KEY BYPASS IN IN KEY LISTEN W FILTER GATE EXP GATE EXP LOW CUT CCW 10Hz HIGH CUT CW 40K WINDOW ADVANCE MAX THRESHOLD 10 ATTACK TIME AUTO HOLD TIME GATE ONLY 50ms RELEASE TIME 300ms GATE RANGE IF GATING 80dB EXPANDER RATIO IF...

Страница 6: ...ocessed by the LOW CUT and HIGH CUT filters This is helpful in fine tuning the effect of the LOW CUT and HIGH CUT filters on the key sidechain audio The GATE EXP switch position routes the gated expanded audio to the output of the 562E The GATE EXP switch position is the normal operating position for the 562E LOW CUT control Adjusts the cutoff frequency 3dB down point of a high pass filter that is...

Страница 7: ...e output signal When this control is set to twelve o clock you will not have any expander or gate action because the twelve o clock position corresponds to 0dB change for gating and to a 1 1 ratio change in input equals change in output for expansion ATTACK TIME control Determines the speed at which the expander gate reaches zero attenuation when the input signal rises above threshold The AUTO ATT...

Страница 8: ...essing device The wiring diagram for the KEY INPUT connector is repro duced on the back panel of the 562E Note Remember to set the front panel EXT KEY BYPASS IN switch to the EXT KEY position when using the KEY INPUT BALANCED UNBALANCED OUTPUT 1 4 inch tip ring sleeve TRS phone jack wired tip high ring low and sleeve ground Use this jack when you need a 1 4 inch balanced or unbalanced output The n...

Страница 9: ...ets 5 dB quieter causes a 15 dB decrease at the output In other words a small drop in the input signal level 5 dB occurring below threshold turns into a much larger drop in signal level at the output 15dB A special feature of the 562E s ratio circuitry is that the ratio automatically reverts to 1 1 when the input signal approaches 25dB below threshold For example let s say that you set the THRESHO...

Страница 10: ...elease control of a gate expander allows the user to shape the trailing edge of the sound envelope by manipulating the release time The RELEASE TIME control setting can make the transfer between sound and silence graceful or it can make the transfer abrupt Release time is the length of time required for the gain to recover to the no signal state When you are using the 562E in GATE mode release tim...

Страница 11: ...the 562E more sensitive to high frequencies in the key input signal use an equalizer graphic or parametric inserted in the key signal path after the key signal source and before the 562E to boost the high frequencies in the sidechain signal This increases the sensitivity of the control circuits to those particular frequencies so the expander gate responds more to those frequencies than any others ...

Страница 12: ...ilters on the internal sidechain audio set the EXT KEY BYPASS IN switch to the IN position and the OUTPUT ASSIGN switch to the KEY LISTEN W FILTER position Listening to the EQ d key sidechain signal allows you to hear the signal that will control the 562E and to more easily find the range that you wish to emphasize or de emphasize When you are done listening to the EQ d key sidechain signal return...

Страница 13: ...this does not predispose them to only this usage After all 1 4 inch jacks are sometimes used for loudspeakers which are anything but high impedance Therefore the presence of 3 pin XLR connectors should not be construed to mean that the input or output is low impedance or high impedance The same applies to 1 4 inch jacks So what is really important Signal level and to a much lesser degree the imped...

Страница 14: ...into 600 ohm balanced loads or 18 dBm into 600 ohm unbalanced loads Polarity Convention The 562E inputs and outputs use the international standard polarity convention of pin 2 hot Therefore if your system uses balanced inputs and outputs and uses the 562E this way then the polarity convention is unimportant If your system is both balanced and unbalanced then you must pay attention to this especial...

Страница 15: ...than the balanced output FROM BALANCED OUT TO UNBALANCED IN FROM ELECTRONIC NON TRANSFORMER BALANCED OUTPUT TYPICAL OF SYMETRIX PRODUCTS TO UNBALANCED INPUTS FROM BALANCED OUT FROM UNBALANCED OUT FROM BALANCED OUT FROM BALANCED OUT FEMALE XLR PIN 1 GROUND PIN 2 HIGH PIN 3 LOW MALE XLR PIN 1 GROUND PIN 2 HIGH PIN 3 LOW MALE TS PLUG TIP HIGH SLEEVE GROUND LOW MALE RCA PLUG TIP HIGH SLEEVE GROUND LOW...

Страница 16: ...ry whisper in its vicinity or going into feedback Setup for these applications is easy With no signal and the GATE RANGE EXPANDER RATIO control either clockwise for expanding or counterclockwise for gating adjust the THRESHOLD control counterclockwise until you begin to see gain reduction on the LED display Continue until you hear the degree of expansion gating that you want When the signal is pre...

Страница 17: ...are drum is false triggering This is most often caused by audio leakage into the snare mic from the hi hat and or kick drum The 562E s LOW CUT and HIGH CUT filters are designed to eliminate just such a problem First and foremost employ good mic technique to reject as much of the sound that is causing the false triggering as possible Start with the 562E s LOW CUT knob in the full counterclockwise p...

Страница 18: ...g of the THRESHOLD LOW CUT and HIGH CUT controls but it can make a huge contribution towards ease of life for the monitormixingengineer First set up the 562E using the downward expander with a fairly fast release time The threshold should be set to trigger on normal level speech Set the OUTPUT ASSIGN switch to KEY LISTEN W FILTER If the stage setup does not include a drum kit you can skip the next...

Страница 19: ...EY BYPASS IN switch to EXT KEY set the OUTPUT ASSIGN switch to GATE EXP and set the WINDOW ADVANCE switch to MAX Set the THRESHOLD control counterclockwise set the ATTACK TIME and RELEASE TIME controls to a medium setting set the HOLD TIME counterclockwise and set the GATE RANGE control counterclockwise Begin rotating the THRESHOLD control clockwise until gating occurs Then fine tune the THRESH OL...

Страница 20: ...se downward expansion When using the 562E on the subgroup outputs of the console use gating for the outputs carrying a fast transient signal for example drums or percussion For subgroup outputs dedicated to signal sources with gentler dynamics such as vocals use slower ATTACK TIME RELEASE TIME and HOLD TIME settings when gating or use downward expansion CHANNEL 1 TIME GATE RANGE EXPANDER RATIO 500...

Страница 21: ...el 10 dBu or greater Make sure that the signal you are feeding to the 562E is a line level signal not mic level Check gain settings on downstream equipment The system gain structure should be such that the 562E operates at or near unity gain Is the input signal already noisy No gating or expansion Did you connect the output cable to the KEY IN jack instead of the OUTPUT jack Is the EXT KEY BYPASS ...

Страница 22: ...oise 1kHz Signal Noise Dynamic range Frequency response Attacktime Attenuation Chassis size AC requirements Power consumption 2 XLR and 1 4 TRS 22 dBu 22 dBu 20K Balanced 10K Unbalanced 600 ohms Balanced 03 4 dBu 94 dB 112 dB 0 3dBm 10 Hz to 40 kHz Program Dependent to 300 milliseconds 80 dB max adjustable 1 75 H x 19 W x 4 25 D 117V ac nominal 230V ac nominal 18 watts maximum In the interest of c...

Страница 23: ...e arising out of con nected with or resulting from the manufac ture sale delivery resale repair replace ment or use of any product will not exceed the price allocable to the product or any part thereof which gives rise to the claim In no event will Symetrix be liable for any inciden expresslydisclaimsanyIMPLIEDwarran ties including fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability Symetrix s war...

Страница 24: ...ts Just do these five things and repairs made in warranty will cost you only one way freight charges We ll prepay the return surface freight If you choose to send us your product in some sort of flimsy packaging we ll have to charge you for proper shipping materials If you don t have the factory packaging materials then do yourself a favor by using an oversize carton wrap the unit in a plastic bag...

Страница 25: ...sion standard Part 1 Residential commercial and light industry EN 50082 1 Electromagnetic compatibility Generic immunity standard Part 1 Residential commercial and light industry EN 55022 Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of information technology equipment Thetechnicalconstructionfileismaintainedat Symetrix Inc 6408 216th St SW Mountlake Terrace WA 98043 USA ...

Страница 26: ...562E 24 Symetrix Inc 6408 216th St SW Mountlake Terrace WA 98043 USA Tel 425 778 7728 Fax 425 778 7727 Website http www symetrixaudio com Email symetrix symetrixaudio com ...

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