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20. SAT lexicon – Explanations of technical terms
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22 kHz pulse:
This pulse, generated by the receiver, is used to control switches or to switch Digital LNBs to the digital range.
Analogue programmes:
In comparison with digital signals, analogue signals require a considerably greater quantity of information. With the
constantly increasing range of programmes, the bandwidths available would no longer suffice in the long term.
For this reason, analogue technology is gradually being replaced by digital transmissions. However, analogue
transmission will still have a “right to exist” for a number of years.
Antenna cable:
The antenna cable sends the signals arriving from the LNB to the receiving part of the satellite receiver. In the rever-
se direction, the receiver sends switching signals and voltages via the antenna cable to the receiving system
(switch, LNB…). As signal losses are considerably greater in SAT systems and the switching signals are very small,
only high quality, low-attenuation antenna cables should be used. The cable paths should be as short as possible.
The F-plug, the shielding braid and the aluminium foil form the negative pole and must not touch the internal
conductor (positive pole).
AV operation:
AV means Audio/Video. The connection of several devices (TV, SAT receiver, video recorder…) is generally performed
with a scart cable. This connection provides the best picture and sound quality and does not normally require any
additional settings. Satellite receiver and video recorder “register” via a switching voltage at the scart input of the
TV device (or video recorder/digital receiver). If this switching does not occur, the SCART input must be manually
activated via the remote control of the (TV or video) unit (e.g. AV or 0 button).
Bouquet:
Bouquet is a French expression meaning “A bunch of flowers” in English. Bouquets are bundled digital programme
packets (e.g., ARD Digital), consisting of TV and radio programmes offered by a transmitter.
DiSEqC:
The DiSEqC technology was developed by Eutelsat to create an additional switching criterion (in addition to the
22 kHz pulse) and to enable the reception of several satellite positions. From Version DiSEqc 1.2, this technology
also permits control of antenna rotors via the antenna cable.
Decoders:
Decoders are required to decode encoded programmes (“Pay TV”). Decoding incurs a monthly/annual contribution,
depending on the programme provider and range. There are different encoding systems and video standards.
Digital LNB:
Digital LNBs enable the reception of the entire lower (Low Band) and upper frequency range (High Band).
Digital LNBs are mainly required for the reception of digital programmes. Standard types: Digital Single LNB
(max. 1 subscriber), Digital Twin LNB (max. 2 subscribers) and Digital Quattro LNB for distribution systems.
Digital reception:
To receive digital programmes you need a digital SAT receiver and a Digital LNB. Digital programmes are usually
provided encoded. In order to decode them, a “chip card” is inserted into a card drive. Attention: Not all digital
receivers are equipped or can be retrofitted with a (suitable) card drive!