background image

18

R-25AM

2. Switch Unit

The switch unit is composed of a matrix circuit in which
when a switch it touched, one of signals P30 - P31
generated by the LSI, is passed through the switch
and returned to the LSI as one of signals P24 - P26.

3. Encoder

The encoder converts the signal generated by power
source circuit into the pulse signal, and the pulse
signal is sent to the LSI.

TOUCH CONTROL PANEL ASSEMBLY

OUTLINE OF TOUCH CONTROL PANEL

The touch control section consists of the following units as
shown in the touch control panel circuit.

(1) Control Unit
(2) Switch Unit
(3) Encoder Unit

The principal functions of these units and the signals
communicated among them are explained below.

1. Control Unit

Signal of key touch and oven function control are all
processed by one microcomputer.

1) Power Supply Circuit

This circuit changes output voltage at the secondary
side of the touch control transformer to voltages re-
quired at each part by full wave rectifying circuit,
constant voltage circuit, etc..

2) Reset Circuit

This is an Auto-clear Circuit, i.e., a reset circuit, which
enables IC1 to be activated from initial state.

3) Power Synchronizing Signal Generating Circuit

This is a circuit for generating power synchronizing
signal by virtue of the secondary side output of touch
control transformer.
This signal is used for a basic frequency to time
processing and so on.

4) Clock Circuit

This is a circuit for controlling clock frequency required
for operating I-1.

5) I-1 (Main Processor)

This is a one-chip microcomputer, responsible for
controlling the entire control unit.

6) I-2 (Memory Processor)

This is a memory IC, responsible for memory function.

7) Display Circuit

This is a circuit for driving display tubes by I-1 output.

8) Switch Input Circuit

This is a circuit for transmitting switch input information
to I-1.

9) Sound-body Driving Circuit

This is a circuit for driving sound body by I-1 output.

10) Relay Driving Circuit

This is a circuit for driving output relay by I-1 output.

11) Stop Switch Circuit

This is a circuit for driving I-1 to detect door opening/
closing.

12) Exhaust Air Temperature Detecting Circuit

This is a circuit for transmitting output change of
thermistor (Exhaust thermistor) to I-1.

13) Magnetron Temperature Circuit.

(Detect Noload or Fan Lock)
This is a circuit for transmitting output change of
thermistor (Magnetron thermistor) to I-1.

Содержание R-22AM

Страница 1: ...ROWAVE RADIATION INSIDE FRONT COVER WARNING 1 SERVICING 2 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS 5 GENERAL INFORMATION 5 APPEARANCE VIEW 6 OPERATION SEQUENCE 7 FUNCTION OF IMPORTANT COMPONENTS 9 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 10 TEST PROCEDURE 12 TOUCH CONTROL PANEL ASSEMBLY 18 COMPONENT REPLACEMENT AND ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE 25 MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT 32 TEST DATA AT A GLANCE 33 WIRING DIAGRAM 34 PICTORIAL DIAGRAM 36 CONTROL...

Страница 2: ...käytetään tai jos se kytketään väärin Kaikkien mikroaaltoliitäntöjen sekä syöttö että ulostulopuolella aaltoputkien laippojen ja tiivisteiden tulee olla varmistettuja Mikroaaltouunnia ei koskaan saa käyttää ilman kuormaa jossa mikroaaltoenergiaa kuluu Avoimeen aaltoputkeen tai antenniin ei koskaan saa katsoa virran ollessa kytkettynä ADVARSEL MIKROBØLGESTRÅLING Personell må ikke utsettes for mikro...

Страница 3: ...stjerne benyttes med højere spænding end 250 volt WARNING Never operate the oven until the following points are ensured A The door is tightly closed B The door brackets and hinges are not defective C The door packing is not damaged D The door is not deformed or warped E There is not any other visible damage with the oven Servicing and repair work must be carried out only by trained service enginee...

Страница 4: ...its die een zeer hoge spanning en stroom kunnen voortbrengen Contact met de volgende onderdelen kan elektrocutie tot gevolg hebben Hoogspanningscondensator hoogspanningstransformator magnetron hoogspanningsgelijkrichter hoogspannings kabelboom VERGEET DE VOLGENDE 3 STAPPEN NIET 1 Haal de stekker uit het stopcontact 2 Open de deur en zorg ervoor dat hij niet dicht kan vallen 3 Ontlaad de hoogspanni...

Страница 5: ...anscurran los dos minutos temporizador a cero compruebe cuidadosamente que el agua se ha calentado Si el agua permaneciese fría efectúe las comprobaciones 3D y vuelva a examinar las conexiones de los componentes que han sido probados Cuando haya terminado la intervención en el equipo y el horno haya sido ensamblado de nuevo completamente deberá comprobar la potencia de salida de microondas y reali...

Страница 6: ... caso eseguire i tre controlli sopra citati e quindi scollegare i connettori dal primario del trasformatore Assicurarsi che tali connettori non vengano a contatto con altri componenti ne con il telaio del forno fare uso se necessario di nastro isolante Al termine dell intervento eseguire nuovamente i tre controlli e ricollegare i conduttori al primario del trasformatore QUATTRO VERIFICHE IMPORTANT...

Страница 7: ...mption 3 15 kW Approx 15 A Power Output 2100 W nominal of RF microwave energy measured by method of IEC 60705 Operating frequency 2450 MHz Case Dimensions Width 510mm Height 335 mm Depth 470mm Cooking Cavity Dimensions Width 330 mm Height 180 mm Depth 330mm Control Complement Electronic Timer 0 30 minutes Microwave Power level 100 50 20 10 NOTE The maximum cooking time for 100 or 50 is 15 minutes ...

Страница 8: ... 50 6 MED LOW 20 7 DEFROST 10 8 ELECTRONIC TIMER Rotate the control to enter cooking time 9 START button AUTO TOUCH CONTROL PANEL INSTALLATION INFORMATION When this commercial microwave oven is installed near other commercial electrical appliances connect a lead wire to each equivalent potential terminal with equipotential marking between them insert a lead wire between a washer and an earth angle...

Страница 9: ... volts 50Hz the line voltage is supplied to the control unit through the noise filter Figure O 1 on page 34 1 The digital display shows 0 IDLE CONDITION When the door is opened the contacts of the interlock switches SW1 SW2 and stop switch SW5 open initiating the following Figure O 2 on page 34 1 A signal is input to the control unit energizing the coil of shut off relay RY 1 2 The shut off relay ...

Страница 10: ...tively ac cording to the frequency of the power supply Refer to the Figure B 1 and B 2 Figure B 1 High Voltage Circuit Figure B 2 Operation of Magnetron T1 HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER H V RECTIFIER C1 H V CAPACITOR MG1 MAGNETRON UPPER REAR H V RECTIFIER H V FUSE H V FUSE C2 H V CAPACITOR MG2 MAGNETRON LOWER T2 HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER FRONT COMMERCIAL FREQUENCY 50HZ POWER OUTPUT BY MAGNETRON T1 POWER...

Страница 11: ... electrical components are short circuited this fuse blows to prevent an electric shock or fire hazard 2 The fuse F1 F10A or F2 F10A also blows when interlock switch SW1 or SW2 remains closed with the oven door open and when the monitor switches SW3 or SW4 closes WEAK POINT F3 If the wire harness or electrical components make a short circuit this weak point F3 blows to prevent an electric shock or...

Страница 12: ...e oven cavity to remove steam and vapours given off from the heating foods It is then exhausted through the exhausting air vents at the oven cavity ANTENNA MOTORS SM The upper and lower antenna motors SM drive stirrer antennas OVEN LAMP OL The oven cavity light illuminates the interior of the oven so that food being cooked can be examined visually through the door window without having to open the...

Страница 13: ...king but oven lamp blower motor and stirrer motors do not stop EE 16 Thermistor of magnetron are open EE 17 Magnetron temperature is high EE 19 Magnetron thermistor short EE 10 Fault of memory Antenna motors do not work TESTPROCEDURE POSSIBLE CAUSE AND DEFECTIVE PARTS CONDITION OFF CONDITION ON CONDITION PROBLEM EEP ROM I 2 N SWITCH UNIT TOUCH CONTROL TRANSFORMER T3 Due to programme lock Over the ...

Страница 14: ...y vessel are at ambient temperature prior to the start the test 3 Temperature of the water The initial temperature of the water is 10 1 C 4 Select the initial and final water temperature so that the maximum difference between the final water temperature and the ambient temperature is 5 C 5 Select stirring devices and measuring instruments in order to minimize addition or removal of heat 6 The grad...

Страница 15: ...the HV circuitry Using an ohmmeter set on a low range it is possible to check the continuity of all three windings The following readings should be obtained a Primary winding approximately 1 2 Ω b Secondary winding approximately 75 Ω c Filament winding less than 1 Ω If the readings obtained are not stated as above then the high voltage transformer is probably faulty and should be replaced CARRY OU...

Страница 16: ...d in the following table D HIGH VOLTAGE CAPACITOR TEST CARRY OUT 3D CHECKS A Isolate the high voltage capacitor from the circuit B Continuity check must be carried out with measuring instrument which is set to the highest resistance range C A normal capacitor shows continuity for a short time kick and then a resistance of about 10MΩ after it has been charged D A short circuited capacitor shows con...

Страница 17: ...n inside is very high J MOTOR WINDING TEST CARRY OUT 3D CHECKS Disconnect the leads from the motor Using an ohmmeter check the resistance between the two terminals Resistance of Blower motor should be approximately 60Ω Resistance of Antenna motor should be approximately 8 8 kΩ If incorrect readings are obtained replace the motor CARRY OUT 4R CHECKS If incorrect readings are absorbed replace the no...

Страница 18: ...nit test Procedure N to determine if control unit is faulty 3 1 Programming problems a When touching the buttons a certain group of buttons do not produce a signal 3 2 Display problems a For a certain digit all or some segments do not light up b For a certain digit brightness is low c Only one indicator does not light d The corresponding segments of all digits do not light up or they continue to l...

Страница 19: ... PWB If the fuse is open follow the troubleshooting guide given below for repair Problem POWER ON indicator does not light up CARRY OUT 3D CHECKS STEPS OCCURRENCE CAUSE OR CORRECTION 1 The rated AC voltage is not present at Check supply voltage and oven power cord POWER terminal of CPU connector CN A 2 The rated AC voltage is present at primary Touch control transformer or secondary circuit defect...

Страница 20: ...IC1 to be activated from initial state 3 Power Synchronizing Signal Generating Circuit This is a circuit for generating power synchronizing signal by virtue of the secondary side output of touch control transformer This signal is used for a basic frequency to time processing and so on 4 Clock Circuit This is a circuit for controlling clock frequency required for operating I 1 5 I 1 Main Processor ...

Страница 21: ...he temperature detected by the thermis tor this input is converted into temperature by the A D converter built into the LSI 11 AN1 IN Temperature measurement input MAGNETRON THERMISTOR TH1 By inputting DC voltage corresponding to the temperature detected by the thermis tor this input is converted into temperature by the A D converter built into the LSI 12 AN0 Terminal not used 13 14 P55 P54 Termin...

Страница 22: ...ernal clock oscillation frequency setting input The internal clock frequency is set by inserting the ceramic filter oscillation circuit with respect to XOUT terminal 31 XOUT OUT Internal clock oscillation frequency control output Output to control oscillation input of XIN 32 VSS IN Power source voltage 5V VC voltage of power source circuit input 33 P27 Terminal not used 34 P26 IN Signal coming fro...

Страница 23: ...l in 3 steps by combining signal levels for P37 and P36 Relationship of signal level combination to sound volume level is shown in the following table 1 3 in the table however are indicated in the descending order from the maximum level of sound volume through the minimum level Sound Volume P36 P37 1 Max L L 2 H L 3 Min L H At Output terminal P47 rectangular wave signal of 2 5kHz is output 59 P35 ...

Страница 24: ... O Description 1 3 A0 A2 IN Connected to GND 4 VSS IN Connected to VC 5V 5 SDA IN OUT Serial data input output input outputs data to I 1 6 SCL IN Clock signal input input outputs serial data at every one pulse 7 TEST IN Connected to VC 5V 8 VCC IN Connected to GND A0 8 1 7 2 6 3 5 4 A1 A2 VSS VCC TEST SCL SDA TOP VIEW FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM E PROM 512 x 8 2 START STOP LOGIC CONTROL LOGIC SLAVE ADDRESS...

Страница 25: ...owed CMOS LSI have extremely high impedance at its input and output terminals For this reason it is easily influenced by the surrounding high voltage power source static electric ity charge in clothes etc and sometimes it is not fully protected by the built in protection circuit In order to protect CMOS LSI 1 When storing and transporting thoroughly wrap them in aluminium foil Also wrap all PW boa...

Страница 26: ...nd that the iron temperature is adjusted accordingly 3 Soldering As the melting point of lead free solder Sn Ag Cu is higher and has poorer wettability flow to prevent damage to the land of the PWB extreme care should be taken not to leave the bit in contact with the PWB for an extended period of time Remove the bit as soon as a good flow is achieved The high content of tin in lead free solder wil...

Страница 27: ...ONENTS OR WIRING To remove rear cabinet and power supply cord 8 Disconnect the power supply cord from the noise filter 9 Remove the one 1 screws holding the grounding wire of power supply cord to the oven cavity 10 Remove the screws holding the rear cabinet to the oven cavity and blower motor 11 Remove the rear cabinet with the power supply cord from the oven cavity 12 Loosen the tab of the cord b...

Страница 28: ...tron to upper and or lower waveguide When removing the screws hold the magnetron to prevent it from falling 9 Remove the magnetron s from upper and or lower waveguide with care so magnetron antenna is not hit by any metal object around antenna 10 Pull out the thermistor angle from the upper magnet ron 11 Now the magnetron s is are free CAUTION WHEN REPLACING MAGNETRON BE SURE THE R F GASKET IS IN ...

Страница 29: ...D CHECKS 2 Pushing the lever of positive lock connector pull down the connector from the terminal 3 Now the connector is free CAUTION WHEN CONNECTING THE POSITIVE LOCK CONNECTORS TO THE TERMI NALS CONNECT THE POSITIVE LOCK CONNECTOR SO THAT THE LEVER FACES YOU HOW TO RELEASE THE POSITIVE LOCK CONNECTOR Figure C 2 How to release the positive lock connector material in four portions 3 Where the port...

Страница 30: ...nect the connectors G and E from the control unit 11 Remove four 4 screws holding the control unit to the panel frame assembly 12 Now the control unit and control panel frame with switch unit are free CAUTION At installing control panel unit assembly to main body set 1 Ensure the installation of wiring related parts without negligence 2 When inserting wire cable to main body set ensure them free f...

Страница 31: ...ld be made 1 Loosen the two 2 screws holding the latch hook 2 With the door closed adjust the latch hook by moving it back and forward or up and down In and out play of the door allowed by the latch hook should be less than 0 5mm The vertical position of the latch hook should be placed where the stop switch and interlock switches have activated with the door closed The horizontal position of the l...

Страница 32: ...pper side line and door latch heads pass through the latch holes correctly 4 Fasten upper and lower oven hinges firmly to oven cavity with two 2 screws on each hinge Note After any service to the door A Make sure that interlock switches stop switch and monitor switches are operating properly Refer to chapter Test Procedures B An approved microwave survey meter should be used to assure compliance w...

Страница 33: ... panel 9 Release the latch spring from the tab of the joint lever and joint plate 10 Release the latch heads from joint lever and joint plate 11 Now the latch heads are free DOOR CASE REMOVAL 1 Remove the door assembly from oven cavity referring to REMOVAL of DOOR REPLACEMENT AND AD JUSTMENT 2 Remove choke cover from door panel referring to CHOKE COVER REMOVAL 3 Remove door handle from door panel ...

Страница 34: ...microwave ovens must be used for test ing Recommended instruments are NARDA 8100 NARDA 8200 HOLADAY HI 1500 SIMPSON 380M 2 Place the oven tray into the oven cavity 3 Place the load of 275 15ml of water initially at 20 5 C in the centre of the oven tray The water container should be a low form of 600 ml beaker with inside diameter of approx 8 5cm and made of an electrically non conductive material ...

Страница 35: ... TH2 Approx 500kΩ 1MΩ at the room temperature Exhaust thermistor TH3 Approx 500kΩ 1MΩ at the room temperature Oven lamp OL 250V 25W High voltage capacitor C1 1 07µF AC 2300V High voltage capacitor C2 1 07µF AC 2300V High voltage transformer T1 T2 Filament winding 1Ω Secondary winding Approx 75Ω Primary winding Approx 1 2Ω Magnetron MG1 Filament winding 1Ω Filament winding chassis Ω Magnetron MG2 F...

Страница 36: ...1 07 F AC2300V MG1 MAGNETRON Upper F1 FUSE F10A OVEN LAMP BLOWER MOTOR ANTENNA MOTOR SM SM BM H V RECTIFIER MG2 MAGNETRON Lower T2 HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER Rear OL RY1 EARTH F4 H V FUSE 0 75 A F5 H V FUSE 0 75 A L N 1 3 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 RY4 COOK RELAY RY3 COOK RELAY SW2 INTERLOCK SWITCH SW2 INTERLOCK SWITCH SW5 STOP SWITCH CN A CN A F1 WEAK POINT A017 BLU NEUTRAL LIVE GRN YLW BRN NOISE FILT...

Страница 37: ...BYPASS CAPACITOR 10000 pF AC250V LINE BYPASS CAPACITOR 10000 pF AC250V T3 TOUCH CONTROL TRANSFORMER FUSE 2 5A F2 FUSE F10A TF1 TEMP FUSE 150 C Upper Mag TF3 EXHAUST TEMP FUSE 120 C TF1 TEMP FUSE 150 C Lower Mag CONTROL UNIT 230V 50Hz H V RECTIFIER C1 H V CAPACITOR 1 07 F AC2300V C2 H V CAPACITOR 1 07 F AC2300V MG1 MAGNETRON Upper F1 FUSE F10A H V RECTIFIER MG2 MAGNETRON Lower RY1 EARTH F4 H V FUSE...

Страница 38: ...C BRN BLU SW4 MONITOR SWITCH Oven side BLU BLU RED RED RED BRN WHT WHT WHT SW2 INTERLOCK SWITCH Oven side YLW WHT ORG ORG BLU SM ANTENNA MOTOR Upper BLK BLK RED WHT BLK T2 HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER C1 HIGH VOLTAGE CAPACITOR H V RECTIFIER TH1 MAGNETRON THERMISTOR Upper TH2 MAGNETRON THERMISTOR Lower BLK BLK WHT BLK W H T W H T B L K B L K O R G O R G F1 FUSE F10A Cabinet side Blue case Blue case Blu...

Страница 39: ...56K C21 KRA101M Q20 P1 S1 S2 S2 S1 P2 Q80 C80 D81 C81 Q81 M2 COM RY4 D83 D84 10EDB10 D70 D71 100 R70 R71 4 7 K C70 J2 J1 15K R67 5 4 CF1 J4 J3 C98 C99 C100 g h UB NC LB 50V 0 1u F R3 1W 150 50V 0 1uF 50V 0 1uF R41 20K Q40 KRA101M Q41 2SB1238 BZ 6G R42 R43 39K 10K C31 R30 100 DTB143ES Q86 Q87 R65 R64 4 7K x3 C60 C62 C63 R60 R62 R63 33K 1 1 K 1 1 K CN C CN E Encoder CN G SW5 SW3 SW1 Switch Unit 4 7 ...

Страница 40: ...38 R 25AM 1 A B C D E F G H A B C D E F G H 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Figure S 3 Printed Wiring Board BLACK RED 2 5A FUSE ...

Страница 41: ...FFTASA064WRY0 Oven lamp access cover assembly 1 AN 2 4 1 PCUSUA585WRPZ Cushion 1 AF 2 4 2 PREFHA059WRP0 Reflector 1 AF 2 5 FFPF A016WRK0 Vibration proof sheet 1 AU 2 6 PSHEGA007WRE0 Rubber sheet B 2 AE CONTROL PANEL PARTS 3 1 DPWBFC366WRKZ Control unit 1 BN 3 1A QCNCMA314DRE0 5 pin connector CN A 1 AC 3 1B QCNCMA413DRE0 6 pin connector CN B 1 AC 3 1C QCNCMA420DRE0 5 pin connector CN C 1 AK 3 1D QC...

Страница 42: ... ohm 1 4W 1 AA R73 74 VRD B12EF104J Resistor 100k ohm 1 4W 2 AA R75 76 VRD B12EF472J Resistor 4 7k ohm 1 4W 2 AA R93 97 VRD B12EF472J Resistor 4 7k ohm 1 4W 5 AA RY1 RRLY B004MRE0 Relay FTR F3AA024E 1 AF RY3 4 RRLY A113DRE0 Relay DU24D1 1PR M 2 AM VRS1 VHV10V471K 1 Varistor TNR10V471K 1 AD ZD1 VHEHZ161 1 Zener diode HZ16 1 1 AA ZD2 VHEHZ4C3 1 Zener diode HZ4C3 1 AA 3 2 FPNLCB775WRKZ Control panel ...

Страница 43: ...38 PCUSGA409WRP0 Cushion 2 AE 4 39 LANGQA440WRM0 Earth angle 1 AE 4 40 LANGQA512WRP0 Thermistor angle 2 AE 4 41 LANGQA593WRPZ Blower motor angle 1 AH 4 42 MSPRCA101WRE0 Switch lever spring C 1 AC 4 43 PCUSUA268WRP0 Cushion 1 AA DOOR PARTS 5 DDORFA850WRK0 Door assembly 1 BV 5 1 FDORFA289WRT0 Door panel assembly 1 BH 5 2 GCOVAA242WRY0 Door case 1 BD 5 3 FHNDMA011WRY0 Door lever assembly 1 AP 5 4 GCO...

Страница 44: ... 9 XOTSD40P12000 Screw 4mm x 12mm 6 AA 7 10 LX CZA038WRE0 Special screw 3 AA 7 11 LX EZA004WRE0 Special screw 2 AA 7 12 LX BZA041WRE0 Special screw 2 AA 7 13 XJPSD40P10000 Screw 4mm x 10mm 2 AA 7 14 LX EZA042WRE0 Special screw 12 AB 7 15 XOTSD40P10RV0 Screw 4mm x 10mm 3 AA 7 16 LX BZA064WRE0 Special screw 1 AA 7 17 LX WZA035WRE0 Special washer 1 AB 7 18 XWSSD40 10000 Washer 4mm x 1mm 1 AA 7 19 XFT...

Страница 45: ... 9 4 5 4 6 SW2 SW1 SW5 4 7 4 10 4 4 7 6 4 25 4 27 7 8 4 13 7 8 7 3 7 14 7 3 7 14 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 23 7 23 7 14 7 24 4 1 7 9 7 3 7 9 7 7 7 14 7 11 7 3 7 13 7 1 7 1 4 26 7 8 7 4 x2 7 6 T2 1 1 7 3 7 13 7 9 7 10 7 10 2 6 4 1 4 1 4 1 2 6 4 42 7 15 OL 1 2 7 26 4 17 4 21 SM 7 3 4 18 1 1 4 33 4 32 7 12 4 13 7 8 F5 F4 1 5 F2 7 22 7 15 TF1 TF2 6 11 MG1 4 40 TH1 MG2 4 28 4 29 A1 A2 B 7 17 TF3 4 38 4 2 7 25 4 15...

Страница 46: ...Actual wire harness may be different from illustration 6 4 6 3 6 2 5 5 15 5 16 5 17 5 18 5 4 5 23 5 12 5 10 5 22 5 14 5 1 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 6 5 13 5 13 5 2 5 20 5 11 5 11 5 5 5 19 5 6 5 21 5 3 6 9 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 2 3 2 1 3 2 3 1 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 17 3 9 3 4 3 3 3 15 3 16 3 5 3 7 3 14 3 13 3 10 3 11 3 6 3 12 3 18 3 8 3 4 ...

Страница 47: ...AD ASSEMBLY FPADBA313WRK0 WRAP COVER SSAKH0111WRE0 DOOR PROTECTION SHEET SPADPA552WRE0 PACKING CASE SPAKCE009WREZ DOOR PAD SPADF0341WRE0 6 1 OPERATION MANUAL Not replaceable items BOTTOM PAD ASSEMBLY FPADBA314WRK0 TRAY SUPPORT SPADPA551WRE0 ...

Страница 48: ...ORPORATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher ...

Отзывы: