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Input Waveform 0 to PEAK
Vrms
Average
Value
Crest
Factor
Form
Factor
Root Mean
Square Value
Vavg
Vp/Vrms Vrms/Vavg
Sinusoidal
wave
Square
wave
Chopping
wave
Pulse
=1.414
=1.111
Vp
Vp
Vp
1
0
0
p p
Vp
Vp
0
Vp
−
Vp
2
√
=0.707Vp
−
2Vp
π
=0.637Vp
2
√
Vp
−
2
√
2
π
2π
π
π
Vp
Vp
1
π
2π
2π
−
Vp
3
√
=0.577Vp
−
Vp
2
=0.5Vp
−
2
3
√
=1.155
3
√
=1.732
2π
τ
0
Vp
−
τ
2π
・
Vp
−
τ
2π
・
Vp
−
2π
τ
−
2π
τ
Vp
― 16 ―
― 15 ―
[5] Measuring procedures
5-1 Pre-operational Check
1. Do not use the instrument if the meter or test leads look
damaged.
2. Make sure the test leads and the fuse are not broken.
WARNING
Make sure the low battery indicator is off after power-on. Replace
the battery with new one if the indicator is on.
CAUTION
Perform pre-oparational check for safety.
(Inspection using continuity check)
4-15 Terms
Analog bar graph
The analog bar graph provides a visual indication of
measurement like a traditional analog meter needle.
True RMS
True RMS is a term which identifies a DMM that responds
accurately to the effective RMS value regardless of the
waveforms such as: square, sawtooth, triangle, pulse trains,
spikes, as well as distorted waveforms with the presence of
harmonics. This instrument employs the True-RMS (Root-Mean-
Square) detection.
Crest Factor
Crest Factor is the ratio of the Crest (instantaneous peak) value
divided by the True RMS value. Most common waveforms
such as sinusoidal wave and chopping wave have a relatively
low crest factor. A low duty cycle wave form like pulse string
has a high crest factor. For voltages and crest factors for
typical waveforms, see the following table. Please note that
measurement should be made under the crest factor below 3.