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2C. Settings
The low levels of RF cell phones emit while in use are
in the microwave frequency range. They also emit RF
at substantially reduced time intervals when in the
stand-by mode. Whereas high levels of RF can
produce health effects (by heating tissue), exposure to
low level RF that does not produce heating effects
causes no known adverse health effects.
The biological effects of radio frequency energy
should not be confused with the effects from other
types of electromagnetic energy.
Very high levels of electromagnetic energy, such as is
found in X-rays and gamma rays, can ionize
biological tissues. Ionization is a process where
electrons are stripped away from their normal
locations in atoms and molecules. It can permanently
damage biological tissues including DNA, the genetic
material.
The energy levels associated with radio frequency
energy, including both radio waves and microwaves,
are not great enough to cause ionization of atoms and
molecules. Therefore, RF energy is a type of
non-ionizing radiation. Other types of non-ionizing
radiation include visible light, infrared radiation (heat),
and other forms of electromagnetic radiation with
relatively low frequencies.
While RF energy does not ionize particles, large
amounts can increase body temperatures and cause
tissue damage. Two areas of the body, the eyes and
the testes, are particularly vulnerable to RF heating
because there is relatively little blood flow in them to
carry away excess heat.
Research Results to Date: Is there a connection between RF and
certain health problems?
The results of most studies conducted to date say no.
In addition, attempts to replicate and confirm the few
studies that have shown a connection have failed.
The scientific community at large therefore believes
that the weight of scientific evidence does not show
an association between exposure to Radio Frequency
(RF) from cell phones and adverse health outcomes.
Still the scientific community has supported additional
research to address gaps in knowledge. Some of
these studies are described below.
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