Saluki S2106 Series Скачать руководство пользователя страница 48 | Manualshive

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4.1.5 Positive Gain Phenomenon Processing

Positive gain may occur on the OTDR curve, as shown in the right

figure. Positive gain is due to more backward astigmatism produced by
the fibers after the fusion point than those before the fusion point. In
fact, the optical fibers have a loss at this fusion point. It often occurs in
the fusion process of optical fibers with different mode field diameters
or backscattering coefficients. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the
fusion loss in two directions and take the average of the results as the
fusion loss.

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Содержание S2106 Series

Страница 1: ......

Страница 2: ... before operating this instrument please read the contents of this manual carefully and follow the instructions in the book correctly This manual is limited to use in conjunction with this instrument No unit or individual may alter copy or disseminate the contents of this manual for commercial purposes without the authorization of the Company The contents of this manual are subject to change witho...

Страница 3: ... 2 1 4 Instrument Maintenance 4 2 Basic Knowledge of OTDR 5 3 Basic operation and usage of OTDR series 10 3 1 Front panel top panel and bottom panel 10 3 2 ON OFF 11 3 3 Connect Optical Cable 11 3 4 Main Menu 12 3 5 OTDR Operation 13 3 6 Optical Power Peter OPM 27 3 7 Laser Source LS 28 ...

Страница 4: ...and Solutions 40 4 1 How to observe the optical pulse waveform 40 4 2 How to clean the optical output interface of OTDR 46 4 3 How to copy the internal documents of the instrument to the U disk or computer 47 4 4 How to print test trace in batch 47 4 5 How to print test trace into PDF report 47 4 6 Other common faults and treatment methods 48 5 Technical Specifications 50 ...

Страница 5: ... original packaging materials and contact the supplier of this product to solve it 1 2 Product Overview S2106X series of Optical Time Domain Reflectometers OTDR is a new generation optical fiber measurement instrument designed for optical fiber communication systems This product is mainly used to measure the length loss and connection quality of all kinds of optical fibers and cables It can quickl...

Страница 6: ...ictly in accordance with the specifications otherwise it may cause equipment damage Internal battery Inside the instrument is a special lithium battery Only batteries for this instrument can be used Do not use batteries for other instruments Only use this instrument to charge batteries In order to use safely the internal charging circuit of the instrument sets multiple protection measures such as ...

Страница 7: ...t has touched Electrolyte may cause blindness If you enter your eyes carelessly please wash your eyes thoroughly with clean water and go to the hospital immediately Laser safety Laser radiation do not stare into beam CLASS Ⅱ laser product When using this instrument please pay attention to avoid looking directly at the laser output port and do not look directly at the end of the optical fiber when ...

Страница 8: ...lification Except for 1625nm 1650nm wave other waves can not be tested with light on line test Forced use will burn out the internal components of the instrument leading to instrument failure the failure caused by this operation is not covered by the warranty 1 4 Instrument Maintenance The whole machine is guaranteed for 24 months and the consumable parts of battery and optical interface are guara...

Страница 9: ...ayleigh scattering occurs due to the inhomogeneity of the doped components or the defects of the fiber link itself Some of the optical signals will be scattered back in the opposite direction of the incident pulse which is called backward Rayleigh scattering The Rayleigh backscattering light can be observed regularly With the change of signal intensity the loss distribution and connection quality ...

Страница 10: ... events 1 Reflective event When OTDR transmits laser pulses along the measured optical fibers reflections will occur due to the sudden change of refractive index when it encounters the active connection points or the end of the optical fibers Some optical signals will be returned to the instrument along the measured optical fibers The instrument will detect this reflection event by receiving the r...

Страница 11: ...OTDR receiver through backscattering The non reflective event shows a signal of energy decrease on the OTDR test curve and its decreasing range indicates power loss 3 Dynamic Range The dynamic range is an important parameter of OTDR which takes dB as unit This parameter is expressed as the maximum optical loss that OTDR can analyze when the backscattering level from the output port of the instrume...

Страница 12: ...ind Zone ABZ Due to the influence of connection points or connectors some parts of the link cannot be measured OTDR blind area is divided into event blind area and attenuation blind area which are generated by Fresnel reflection and expressed by the distance m Event Blind Zone The shortest distance between the detection of Fresnel reflection signal and the recognition of the next Fresnel reflectio...

Страница 13: ... B of the approximate line between B A and C D Please set mark B in the correct position The weld loss depends largely on the location of B The measured loss between tags depends on the approximation method specified 6 Return Loss RL RL is the ratio of reflected light Pr to incident light Pi in dB Using the formula RL 10log Pr Pi the greater the echo loss the smaller the reflected light energy ind...

Страница 14: ...10 3 Basic operation and usage of OTDR series 3 1 Front panel top panel and bottom panel ...

Страница 15: ...r is too low a warning message will appear Please connect the instrument to the power socket with a random adapter and charge it in time 3 3 Connect Optical Cable Warning Light is emitted from the light source port of the instrument Do not unplug the connected optical cable If light enters the eyes it may hurt the eyes If the light source port is not connected to the optical cable please cover the...

Страница 16: ...If the port is not connected to the optical cable the dust cover should be immediately covered to prevent dust or other dirt from attaching to the optical output port of the instrument 3 4 Main Menu After opening the instrument the main screen is displayed first When using various functions first select functions from the home screen and then set up or measure them Press each function icon to ente...

Страница 17: ...TDR Operation In OTDR interface after the test the event list is displayed it shows the distance slope event loss reflection and total loss of cable starting point cable section intermediate event point and end ...

Страница 18: ...urement to set the parameters of the instrument correctly Therefore before using the instrument the parameters must be set according to the requirements Press SET or Advance menu to enter the parameter setting interface press the corresponding menu you can check the corresponding functions ...

Страница 19: ...the test conditions according to the measured links without the need for users to set parameters manually Real Test Real time scanning of the measured link and displaying the test results each time can realize dynamic monitoring of the link and the state before and after continuation Av Test In order to further improve the quality and accuracy of the test curve the scanning results are accumulated...

Страница 20: ... with distance settings This series of OTDR has simplified the test pulse width according to the range of different lengths which greatly facilitates the operator s selection process In practice it is recommended to use the upper limit pulse width of the optional range Narrow pulse Adjacent time reflection and loss can be measured but long distance cannot be measured Wide pulse Long distance can b...

Страница 21: ...efault value is 1 468 Setting method Under the parameter setting interface press IOR pop up the refractive index input interface input the refractive index of the measured optical fiber press OK exit Length of transmitting optical fiber used to set the length of OTDR starting end connecting to the guiding fiber ranging from 0 to 100 The unit is consistent according to the set unit which is usually...

Страница 22: ...hreshold It is used to set the loss thresholds of connection points fusion points or macro bends in links that OTDR can test ranging from 0 01 to 30 usually defaulting to 0 1 When analyzing the measured link events larger than event threshold will be listed in the event table and those smaller than event threshold will be ignored Setting method Under the parameter setting interface press Event Los...

Страница 23: ...press the Return Loss pop up input interface input the threshold value press OK to exit End loss threshold It is used to set the loss threshold at the end of the link that OTDR can test ranging from 1 to 30 usually defaulting to 10 Setting method Under the parameter setting interface press the end loss threshold pop up the end loss threshold input interface input the threshold value press OK to ex...

Страница 24: ... press the Auto button Other settings are not required Real time test set Wave Range Pulse and press Real T Average test set Wave Range Pulse Test Time and press Aver T 3 5 3 View event analysis results After OTDR test is completed the measured loss distribution traces of optical fiber links are obtained and event points are screened and located according to the set event thresholds The distance l...

Страница 25: ...on reflective event point in the middle of the optical fiber link usually for testing events generated by different types of optical fibers 4 Reflective Event indicates that this event point is a reflection event point usually caused by an active connector in an optical fiber link 5 Cable segment which represents the cable segment between any two event points 6 Fiber end it indicates that the end ...

Страница 26: ...een the starting point and the current event point in the link 3 5 4 Trace Operation 3 5 4 1 Moving and Switching cursors Press or to move the active cursor to the left and right Press the touch screen curve directly and the active cursor will stop at the corresponding touch point Press to switch between the cursors Press to switch wave to view the curve only when selecting multi wave test 3 5 4 2...

Страница 27: ...ace 3 5 5 File Operation 3 5 5 1 File Save The OTDR test track storage format of this series is based on the SR 4731 standard clause of Bell Communications Research Center and the file is extended to SOR Under the main interface of OTDR select the Save menu pop up the save interface shown in the right figure enter the corresponding file name and path and finally press the Save menu In the trace st...

Страница 28: ...e Choose the type of fiber optic cable under test The types of optical fibers are 651 multi mode fibers 652 general single mode fibers 653 dispersion shifted fibers and 655 non zero dispersion shifted single mode fibers Operator Name of tester Comment Fill in the test conclusion and judgment of the tested optical fiber If the above information is not clear do not fill in There are two types of tes...

Страница 29: ...to the end time of the test or the last name 1 3 5 5 2 File Open Under the main interface of OTDR press File File Read and enter the File open interface Select the path where the file is located select the file press the Read menu to open the selected file 3 5 5 3 File delete Under the main interface of OTDR press File File Delete to enter the file delete interface Select the path where the file i...

Страница 30: ...om U disk to memory Double click the name of the file in the U disk or press the Select menu to select the file you want to copy press the copy menu or copy the file from the U disk to memory Click on selection All menu and select all files in memory or on the U disk Tips In order to shorten your copy time when the number of tracks is less than 500 you can directly copy to the U disk when the numb...

Страница 31: ...the OPM function The measured light signal is connected to OPM optical interface through optical fiber jumper and the test wavelength is selected to start power measurement Absolute power relative power and linear power are converted as follows PAbs 10lgPLin 1mW PRel PAbs PReference ...

Страница 32: ...rce function are consistent with OTDR Press the OFF below the corresponding wavelength in the right wavelength menu or status information to open the source of the corresponding wavelength and then press the ON below the corresponding wavelength in the wavelength menu or status information to turn off the source of the corresponding wavelength ...

Страница 33: ...enter the VFL function Press Normal to turn on the red light and output the continuous light press 1Hz or 2Hz the red light outputs the modulated light at 1Hz or 2Hz frequencies Warning Avoid looking directly at the laser output port the laser will cause damage to the human eyes ...

Страница 34: ...face press the icon to enter the event map interface Press the upper left corner to select the wave and select Auto test to start the test Press File to open the existing curve interface and press save to save the curve of current test link ...

Страница 35: ...position of the threshold Bending Loss clicking on and can increase or decrease the threshold changing 2dB at each step or clicking on the corresponding position of the threshold After the threshold setting is completed click OK to save the settings and click Test to start the average test After the test the link test trace is displayed and all event information in the link is displayed in the eve...

Страница 36: ...ptical fiber end diagram Optical fiber splitter diagram Optical fiber Macro bend diagram Tips According to the threshold of analysis parameters set in the eligible criterion the green border represents Pass the red border represents Fail and the gray border represents Unknown 3 10 End Face Detector FED Connect the external end detector to the USB port of the instrument In the main menu interface p...

Страница 37: ...cal loss test interface The steps are as follows 1 Connect LS and OPM with standard jumper press Start after power is stable press OPM Reference 2 The standard jumper is used to connect the DUT to LS and OPM and the insertion loss of the test piece can be obtained by pressing Start ...

Страница 38: ...ace Device information contains the host number and module Use wave the wave that the host can output Version Information the version information of the whole instrument software and system software Alarm Log Record the times the instrument has been tested with light and the latest test with light ...

Страница 39: ... year month day hour minute and second to adjustment and then confirm Language Chinese or English display is optional Backlight drag left and right to adjust screen brightness Power Off You can choose the automatic shutdown time or not use this function After selection the instrument will be shut down automatically without any operation in the corresponding time ...

Страница 40: ... interface press the Help File Help information includes OTDR test process test notes optical power meter end detection and other functions Click on the corresponding entry to view the relevant content Click the left and right arrows to switch items ...

Страница 41: ...R in the U disk root directory and put the upgrade file FTX 1000 exe in the OTDR folder into the instrument After waiting for 10 seconds press Upgrade Instrument prompt whether to update select yes then enter the update interface click Update button prompt the update completed restart the instrument Note When updating do not turn off or pull out the U disk otherwise the system will not work proper...

Страница 42: ...lysis Software The analyse_Otdr software is equipped in the U disk of the instrument Copy it to the computer Double click Open click File Open and select Trace Storage Directory to view all files in the directory ...

Страница 43: ...t information is displayed in the event list 3 13 2 Report Print Click on File BatPrint to select the Trace Storage Directory to view all the files in the directory Add the printed file to the printing area determine the type of printing and perform the printing operation Tip Traces can be printed preview and batch printing ...

Страница 44: ...easured optical fiber links which can cause loss such as connection points bends and end of the optical fiber The measurement results will be shown in the trace waveform in which the horizontal axis represents the test distance the longitudinal axis represents the loss power and in the waveform the measured loss or reflection is expressed in the event ...

Страница 45: ...al quality the increase of Rayleigh scattering loss results in the welding loss Reflection of Connector There is a small gap in the connecting part of the connector and the group refractive index of the gap changes so the reflection occurs and causes loss Fresnel reflection at the end of the cable Fresnel reflection occurs at the breakpoint of the cable or at the position where the group refractiv...

Страница 46: ... obvious step which indicates that the quality of line joints is better 3 The tail reflection peak is higher which indicates that the distal end forming quality is better 4 1 2 Curves Have Large Steps If there is an obvious step in the lower right figure if this is the joint it means that the joint is not qualified or that the bending radius of the optical fiber is too small or squeezed in the fus...

Страница 47: ...s section of optical fiber is not good and the loss is large 4 1 4 No reflection peak at the far end of the curve As shown in the lower right figure there is no reflection peak at the tail of the curve which indicates that the quality of the distal end of the optical fiber is not good or that the distal end of the optical fiber is broken here ...

Страница 48: ... the fibers after the fusion point than those before the fusion point In fact the optical fibers have a loss at this fusion point It often occurs in the fusion process of optical fibers with different mode field diameters or backscattering coefficients Therefore it is necessary to measure the fusion loss in two directions and take the average of the results as the fusion loss ...

Страница 49: ...inning of the curve is a multiple of the distance between the strong reflection event and the beginning which is symmetrical such as the lower right figure Eliminate phantom peak ghost select short pulse width increase attenuation in strong reflection front end such as OTDR output If the event causing ghost is located at the end of the optical fiber it can bend to attenuate the light reflected bac...

Страница 50: ...tical interface of the instrument Specific cleaning methods unscrew the output interface wipe the end face of ceramic core with clean cotton sheets or special paper towels and cotton swabs wetted by alcohol and then screw the output interface after the end alcohol evaporates Tip 1 Before cleaning make sure both OTDR and VFL function are stopped Tip 2 In the normal use of the instrument please cove...

Страница 51: ...cro USB port at the bottom of the instrument with the data line in the box Open My Computer U Disk on the computer open the NSOR folder and copy internal files to the computer Note When connecting computers with data lines the instrument itself cannot save files 4 4 How to print test trace in batch Step 1 Copy the analytical software Analyse_Otdr from U disk to the computer Step 2 Click on File Ba...

Страница 52: ...rnal circuit problems Replace the battery Normal curve cannot be measured Parameters setting are incorrect Reset the correct test parameters The output connector is polluted Clean optical output connector The output connector is damaged Replacement of output connector Optical output connectors do not match Replace the matched connector the locating pin of jumper joint should be aligned with the fl...

Страница 53: ...in curve analysis The quality of test curve is poor the setting of event threshold is small Increase the test pulse width parameter increase the event threshold The measurement of optical fiber length is inaccurate The parameter setting is incorrect Reset the appropriate parameters The refractive index setting of optical fibers is inaccurate Reset the refractive index of the optical fiber Incorrec...

Страница 54: ... 850nm 1300nm 1310nm 1550nm Max Dynamic Range 35 33dB 38 36dB 42 40dB 45 43dB 37 35 35dB 37 35 35dB 37 35 35 35dB 28 26dB 28 26 35 33dB Event Blind Zone 1m 0 8m 0 8m 0 8m 0 8m 0 8m 0 8m 1m 1m ATT Blind zone 6m 6m 6m 6m 6m 6m 6m 6m 6m Test Range 500m 1km 2km 4km 8km 16km 32km 64km 128km 256km Pulse Width 3ns 5ns 10ns 30ns 50ns 80ns 160ns 320ns 500ns 800ns 1000ns 3000ns 5000ns 8000ns 10000ns 20000ns...

Страница 55: ...ion 0 05m 16m Reflection Accuracy 3dB File Format SOR Standard File Format Loss Analysis 4 point method 5 point method Laser Safety Level Class Ⅱ Refresh Rate 3Hz Typ Data Storage Internal storage 8G External storage 4G Output Interface FC UPC Interchangeable SC ST Data Interface 2 USB ports Mini USB 10M 100M Ethernet Port ...

Страница 56: ...0nm High Pass 1595nm Isolation 50dB 1270nm 1585nm Band pass 1650nm 7nm Isolation 50dB 1650nm 10nm Fiber type G 652 Max Dynamic Range 37 35dB 38dB 38dB 38 35 35dB 38 35 35dB Event Blind Zone 1m 0 8m 0 8m 0 8m 0 8m ATT Blind zone 6m 6m 6m 6m 6m PON Blind zone 30m 30m 30m 30m 30m Test Range 500m 1km 2km 4km 8km 16km 32km 64km 128km 256km Pulse Width 3ns 5ns 10ns 30ns 50ns 80ns 160ns 320ns 500ns 800ns...

Страница 57: ...curacy 3dB File Format SOR Standard File Format Loss Measurement Mode 4 point method 5 point method Laser Safety Level Class Ⅱ Refresh Rate 3Hz Typ Data Storage Internal storage 100M 3000 curves External storage 4G bit Connector FC UPC Interchangeable SC ST Data Interface 2 USB ports Mini USB 10M 100M Ethernet Port ...

Страница 58: ...avelength 850nm 980nm 1300nm 1310nm 1490nm 1550nm 1625nm 1650nm LS Wavelength Consistent with OTDR output wavelength Laser Type FP LD Connector FC UPC Interchangeable SC ST Output power 5dBm Stability CW 0 5dB 15min Test after 15 minutes of boot up preheating VFL Wavelength 650nm 20nm Output power 5mW Customized 10mW ...

Страница 59: ... Input 100V 240V 50 60Hz 0 6A Output 12V 19V 1 5A Lithium battery 7 4V 5200mAh Working temperature 10 50 Storage temperature 40 70 Relative humidity 0 95 Non Condensing Weight 1 2kg Size 227mm 160mm 70mm NOTE Test ambient temperature is 25 2 the maximum pulse width the average number of times is more than 300 Test conditions of event blind zone are min range pulse reflection loss of fiber end surf...

Страница 60: ...SC adapter 1 8 Fast Operating Manual 1 9 User s Manual 1 10 Calibration Certificate 1 11 Qualification Certificate 1 12 Clean cotton slices 10 13 Cortical handle 1 14 Instrument backpack with straps 1 Note OTDR interface type is designated FC UPC and FC APC type is optional Note Due to the need of design improvement the above contents are subject to change without notice ...

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