1. Brief Introduction
Terms and Definitions
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uncompressed high definition video, up to 8 channels of audio, and
control signals, over a single cable. HDMI is the de facto standard for
HDTV displays, Blu-ray Disc players, and other HDTV electronics.
Introduced in 2003, the HDMI specification has gone through several
revisions.
“HDSDI”:
The high-definition version of SDI specified in SMPTE-292M.
This signal standard transmits audio and video with 10 bit depth and
4:2:2 color quantization over a single coaxial cable with a data rate of
1.485 Gbit/second. Multiple video resolutions exist including
progressive 1280x720 and interlaced 1920x1080 resolutions. Up to 32
audio signals are carried in the ancillary data.
“JPEG” (Joint photographic Expects Group):
Commonly used
method of lost compression for photographic images using a discreet
cosine transfer function. The degree of compression can be adjusted,
allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.
JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in
image quality. Produces blocking artifacts.
“MPEG”:
Motion Picture Expect Group. A standard committee under
the auspices of the International Standards Organization working on
algorithm standards that allow digital compression, storage and
transmission of moving image information such as motion video,
CD-quality audio, and control data at CD-ROM bandwidth. The MPEG
algorithm provides inter-frame compression of video images and can
have an effective compression rate of 100:1 to 200:1.
“NTSC”:
The color video standard used in North America and some
other parts of the world created by the National Television Standards
Committee in the 1950s. A color signal must be compatible with
black-and-white TV sets. NTSC utilizes an interlaced video signals,
525 lines of resolution with a refresh rate of 60 fields per second (60
Hz). Each frame is comprised of two fields of 262.5 lines each, running
at an effective rate of 30 frames per second.
“PAL”:
Phase Alternate Line. A television standard in which the phase
of the color carrier is alternated from line to line. It takes four full
pictures (8 fields) for the color-to-horizontal phase relationship to
return to the reference point. This alternation helps cancel out phase
errors. For this reason, the hue control is not needed on a PAL TV set.
PAL, in many transmission forms, is widely used in Western Europe,
Australia, Africa, the Middle East, and Micronesia. PAL uses 625-line,
50-filed (25 fps) composite color transmission system.
“Operator”:
Refers to the person who uses the system.
“PIP”:
Picture-in-Picture. A small picture within a larger picture created
by scaling down one of the images to make it smaller. Each picture
requires a separate video source such as a camera, VCR, or computer.
Other forms of PIP displays include Picture-by-Picture (PBP) and
Picture-with-Picture (PWP), which are commonly used with 16:9
aspect display devices. PBP and PWP image formats require a
