
9.5 Compass Mode -
Magnetic Declination
9.4 Compass Mode -
Applications of the Compass Display and Backward Bearing
9.6 Compass Mode -
Magnetic Declination Compensation
What is Magnetic Declination
The angular difference between Magnetic North Pole
and True North Pole is called magnetic declination. Its
amount (degrees and minutes) and direction (easterly
and westerly) depend on where you are in the world.
The Watch also includes a setting for Magnetic
Declination compensation. Check the chapter 9.6 and
9.10 for more detail on how to compensate Magnetic
Declination.
Magnetic Declination Information
Most topographic maps include a small arrow which
shown magnetic north pole and or the magnetic
declination information.
This manual also includes the magnetic declination for
some cities in chapter 9.7.
For the city which does not include in this manual,
please refer to the below online resource:
http://www.geolab.nrcan.gc.ca/geomag/mirp_e.shtml
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/geomag/jsp/struts/calcD
eclination
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The Magnetic North Pole which is slightly different from
the True North Pole.
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The Watch, like most magnetic compass, points to the
Magnetic North Pole. On the contrary, everything
measure from a map is related to the True North Pole.
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For serious compass user or whom intends to perform
accurate navigation, the Watch must be adjusted for
magnetic declination.
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Check the position by Backward Bearing
Spot two distant identifiable landmarks such as
mountains, light-house and building from your
current position. Let's use the mountain A and B
as the example.
Check out the backward bearing direction of
mountain A and B from your current position: 135
from mountain A and 270 from mountain B.
Draw the line 135 on the map which starting from
the mountain A, and draw another line 270 on the
map which starting from the mountain B.
Your current position on the map will be at the
intersection point (point A) of the lines 135 and
270
Check the Trek Course Correct
The Watch can keep your course correct during
trekking. Lets use the sample trail A-E on the
adjacent diagram to illustrate this application.
Mark the points where the trail turns its direction
or the trail branches its way, such as the point A,
B, C, D and E on the adjacent diagram.
Check out the bearing directions of point B from
point A (315 ), point C from point B (0 ), point D
from point C (225 ), and then point E from point D
(315 ).
Make sure that the heading direction is 315 in the
section A to B. Performing the similar checking
when trekking in the other trail sections.
IMPORTANT:
If you are in doubt of the directions
and positions of the trail, consulting the park
administration office before starting the trek.
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Magnetic Declination Compensation
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To compensate an object's magnetic bearing
t o t r u e b e a r i n g : S u b t r a c t w e s t e r l y ( W )
magnetic declination or add easterly (E)
m a g n e t i c d e c l i n a t i o n w i t h t h e m a g n e t i c
bearing (MB).
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magnetic bearing
8
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magnetic bearing
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Example 1
: Westerly magnetic declination 23
and the
323 .
TB = MB - W. While MB = 323 ; W =23
TB = 323
- 23
TB = 300
The true bearing will be 300 .
Example 2
: Easterly magnetic declination 22
and the
278 .
TB = MB + E. While MB = 278 ; E = 22
TB = 278 + 22
TB = 300
The true bearing will be 300 .
True North
Magnetic
Declination
Magnetic
Declination
Magnetic
North
4110 m
2120 m
3120 m
point A
(starting point)
point B
A Sample Trail on a Map
point D
point E
(finish point)
point C
315
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225
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0
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315
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mountain B
Check Current Position By Backward Bearing
mountain A
270
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135
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point A
0
0
Compensate th e Bearin g
with Weste rly (W ) Magnetic Declin atio n
Compensate th e Bearin g
with Easte rly (E ) Magnetic Declin atio n
Tru e Bearin g (T B) =
Magneti c Bearin g (M B) - Weste rly Magneti c Decli nati on (W )
Tru e Bearin g (T B) =
Magneti c Bearin g (M B) + Easte rly Magneti c Decli nati on (E )
300
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(T B) = 278
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(M B) + 22
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(E )
300
=
(M B) - 23 (W )
8
(T B)
323
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magnetic
declination
23
8
W
magnetic
declination
22
8
E
true
bearing
300
8
true
bearing
300
8
magnetic
bearing
323
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magnetic
bearing
278
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true north
0
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true north
0
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magnetic
north
magnetic
north
object B
object B
point A
point A
9.7 Compass Mode -
Magnetic Declination of Major Cities
No. Country/Place
Major City Declination
1
Afghanistan
Kabul
+3E
2
Australia
Canberra
+12E
3
Austria
Vienna
+3E
4
Bahrain
Manama
+2E
5
Bangladesh
Dhaka
+0E
6
Belgium
Brussels
+0E
7
Brazil
Brasilia
-21W
8
Canada
Ottawa
-14W
9
Chile
Santiago
+3E
10 China
Beijing
-6W
11 China
Hong Kong
-2W
12 Costa Rica
San Jose
-1W
13 Cuba
Havana
-4W
14 Czech Republic
Prague
+3E
15 Denmark
Copenhagen
+3E
16 Egypt
Cairo
+4E
17 Finland
Helsinki
+8E
18 France
Paris
-1W
19 Germany
Berlin
+3E
20 Greece
Athens
+4E
21 Hungary
Budapest
+4E
22 India
New Delhi
+1E
23 Indonesia
Jakarta
+1E
24 Israel
Jerusalem
+4E
25 Italy
Rome
+2E
26 Japan
Tokyo
-7W
27 Jordan
Amman
+4E
28 Kenya
Nairobi
+0E
29 Korea
Seoul
-8W
30 Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
+0E
31 Mexico
Mexico City
+6E
32 Nepal
Kathmandu
+0E
No. Country/Place
Major City Declination
33 Netherlands
Amsterdam
+0E
34 New Zealand
Wellington
+22E
35 Norway
Oslo
+2E
36 Pakistan
Islamabad
+2E
37 Philippines
Manila
-1W
38 Portugal
Lisbon
-3W
39 Russia
Moscow
+10E
40 Singapore
Singapore
+0E
41 South Africa
Cape Town
-24W
42 Spain
Madrid
-2W
43 Sweden
Stockholm
+5E
44 Switzerland
Bern
+1E
45 Taiwan
Tai-pei
-4W
46 Thailand
Bangkok
-1W
47 UAE
Abu Dhabi
+2E
48 United Kingdom
London
-2W
49 United States
Washington, DC
-11W
50 United States
Juneau
+22E
51 United States
Phoenix
+11E
52 United States
Little Rock
+1E
53 United States
Sacramento
+14E
54 United States
Denver
+9E
55 United States
Atlanta
-4W
56 United States
Honolulu
+10E
57 United States
Boston
-15W
58 United States
Saint Paul
+1E
59 United States
Jackson
+0E
60 United States
Santa Fe
+9E
61 United States
Oklahoma City
+5E
62 United States
Salem
+16E
63 United States
Harrisburg
-11W
64 United States
Salt Lake City
+12E
NOTE:
Since magnetic declination will be changed as going with time, recommend to check the update data from following site:
http://www.magnetic-declination.com/ & http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomagmodels/Declination.jsp
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