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Since osteoporosis and muscular atrophy were both noted in Russia’s cosmonauts the Russian space
agency used vibration training to combat the effects of the zero gravity environment of space.
(Because there is no gravitational force in space, muscles and bones are not loaded leading to bone
loss and muscle atrophy.) The results of vibration training on the cosmonauts were very significant
including improved muscular strength, increased bone density and preventing osteoporosis.
In 1970s Russia used vibration training on elite athletes to improve muscle strength and endurance.
The performance gains on these athletes had been significant through this new mode of training and
hence the beginning of vibration training in sports. Since than there have been continued studies on
the effects of vibration training. (Please refer to the documents and experiment data in the
addendum).