In the fuels which do not meet specified lubricity
requirement appropriate lubricity additive can be
used to enhance the lubricity of the fuel. Perkins
Diesel Fuel Conditioner is the approved additive refer
to “Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner”.
Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances
when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier
can make recommendations for additives to use and
for the proper level of treatment.
Distillation
Distillation will give an indication of the mixture of
different hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of
lightweight hydrocarbons can affect the
characteristics of combustion.
Classification of the Fuels
Diesel engines have an ability to burn wide variety of
fuels. Below is a list of typically encountered fuel
specifications that have been assessed as to their
acceptability and are divided into following
categories:
Group 1: Preferred Fuels
The following fuel specifications are considered
acceptable.
• Fuels that meet the requirements that are listed in
the Table 14 .
• “EN590 - Grades A to F and class 0 to 4”
• “ASTM D975 Grade No. 1-D and 2-D”
• “JIS K2204 Grades 1, 2 & 3 & Special Grade 3”
acceptable provided lubricity ware scar diameter
does not exceed of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as
per
“
ISO 12156-1
”
.
• “BS2869 - Class A2 Off Highway Gas Oil, Red
Diesel”
Note:
The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed
wear scar diameter of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per
“
ISO 12156-1
”
. Refer to “Lubricity”.
Group 2: Aviation Kerosene Fuels
Following kerosene and jet fuel specifications are
acceptable alternative fuels, and may be used on a
contingency base for emergency or continuous use,
where standard diesel fuel is not available and where
legislation allows their use:
• “MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F34 (JP-8)”
• “MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F35”
• “MIL-DTL-5624 NATO F44 (JP-5)”
• “MIL-DTL-38219 (USAF) (JP7)”
• “NATO XF63”
• “ASTM D1655 JET A”
• “ASTM D1655 JET A1”
NOTICE
These fuels are only acceptable when used with ap-
propriate lubricity additive and must meet minimum
requirements that are listed in Table 14 . The lubricity
of these fuels must not exceed wear scar diameter of
0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per
“
ISO 12156-1
”
. Refer
to “Lubricity” and Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner.
Note:
Minimum cetane number of 40 is
recommended otherwise cold starting problems or
light load misfire might occur. Since jet fuel
specifications do not mention cetane requirements,
Perkins recommends that a fuel sample is taken to
determine the cetane number.
Note:
Fuels must have minimum viscosity of 1.4 cSt
delivered to the fuel injection pump. Cooling of the
fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater
viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Perkins
recommends that the actual viscosity of the fuel, be
measured to determine if a fuel cooler is needed.
Refer to “Viscosity”.
Note:
Rated power loss of up to 10 percent is
possible due to lower density and lower viscosity of
jet fuels compared to diesel fuels.
Biodiesel Fuel
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be defined as mono-alkyl
esters of fatty acids. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be
made from various feedstocks. The most commonly
available biodiesel in Europe is Rape Methyl Ester
(REM). This biodiesel is derived from rapeseed oil.
Soy Methyl Ester (SME) is the most common
biodiesel in the United States. This biodiesel is
derived from soybean oil. Soybean oil or rapeseed oil
are the primary feedstocks. These fuels are together
known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME).
Raw pressed vegetable oils are NOT acceptable for
use as a fuel in any concentration in compression
engines. Without esterification, these oils may gel in
the crankcase and the fuel tank. These fuels may not
be compatible with many of the elastomers that are
used in engines that are manufactured today. In
original forms, these oils are not suitable for use as a
fuel in compression engines. Alternate base stocks
for biodiesel may include animal tallow, waste
cooking oils, or various other feedstocks. To use any
of the products that are listed as fuel, the oil must be
esterified.
Fuel made of 100 percent FAME is generally referred
to as B100 biodiesel or neat biodiesel.
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