Panasonic CS-V9BKPG, Руководство по обслуживанию

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11 Installation and Servicing Air Conditioner Using R410A
11.1. OUTLINE
11.1.1. About R410A Refrigerant
1. Converting air conditioners to R410A
Since it was declared in1974 that chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) and other substances pose a
destructive danger to the ozone layer in the earth´s upper stratosphere (20 to 40 km above the earth), measures have been
taken around the world to prevent this destruction.
The R22 refrigerant which has conventional ly been used in ACs is an HCFC refrigerant and, therefore, possesses this ozone-
destroying potential. International regulations (the Montreal Protocol Ozone-Damaging Substances) and the domestic laws of
various countries call for the early substitution of R22 by a refrigerant which will not harm the ozone layer.
•
In ACs, the HFC refrigerant which has become the mainstream alternative called R410A.Compared with R22, the pressure
of R410A is approximatel y 1.6 times as high at the same refrigerant temperature, but the energy efficiency is about the
same. Consisting of hydrogen (H), fluorine (F) and carbon (C), R410A is an HFC refrigerant. Another typical HFC refrigerant
is R407C. While the energy efficiency of R407C is some what inferior to that of R410A, it offers the advantage of having
pressure characteristic s which are about the same as those of R22, and is used mainly in packaged ACs.
2. The characteristic s of HFC (R410A) refrigerants
a. Chemical characteristic s
The chemical characteristic s of R410A are similar to those of R22 in that both are chemically stable, non-flammable
refrigerants with low toxicity.
However, just like R22, the specific gravity of R410A gas is heavier than that of air. Because of this, it can cause an oxygen
deficiency if it leaks into a closed room since it collects in the lower area of the room. It also generates toxic gas when it is
directly exposed to a flame, so it must be used in a well ventilated environment where it will not collect.
Table 1 Physical comparison of R410A and R22
R410A R22
Composition (wt%) R32/R125 (50/50) R22 (100)
Boiling point (°C) -51.4 -40.8
Vaporizing pressure (25°C) 1.56 Mpa (15.9 kgf/cm
2
) 0.94 Mpa (9.6 kgf/cm
2
)
Saturated vapor density 64.0 kg/m
3
44.4 kg/m
3
Flammability Non-flammable Non-flammable
Ozone- destroying point (ODP) 0 0.005
Global- warming point (GWP) 1730 1700
b. Compositional change (pseudo-aze otropic characteristic s)
R410A is a pseudo-azeotropic mixture comprising the two components R32 and R125. Multi-component refrigerants with
these chemical characteristic s exhibit little compositiona l change even from phase changes due to vaporization 9or
condensation), which means that there is little change in the circulating refrigerant composition even when the refrigerant
leaks from the gaseous section of the piping.
Accordingly, R410A can be handled in almost the same manner as the single- component refrigerant R22. However, when
charging, because there is a slight change in composition between the gas phase and the liquid phase inside a cylinder or
other container, charging should basically begin with the liquid side.
c. Pressure characteristic s
As seen in Table 2, the gas pressure of R410A is approximatel y 1.6 times as high as that of R22 at the same refrigerant
temperature, which means that special R410A tools and materials with high-pressure specifications must be used for all
refrigerant piping work and servicing.
Table 2 Comparison of R410A and R22 saturated vapor density
Unit: MPa
Refrigerant Temperature (°C) R410A R22
-20 0.30 0.14
0 0.70 0.40
20 1.35 0.81
40 2.32 1.43
60 3.73 2.33
65 4.15 2.60
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