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Section 150-431-114

Release 01

Page 3

3. FUNCTIONAL OPERATION

3.01

The HiGain system utilizes PairGain 2-Bit
1-Quartenary (2B1Q) HDSL transceiver systems

to establish two full duplex 784 kbps data channels
between the HLU-431, List 1D and a remotely mounted
HRU-412 HiGain Remote Unit. This provides a total
capacity of 1.568 Mbps between the two units.

3.02

A block diagram of the HLU-431, List 1D is
shown in Figure 2. The HiGain HLU-431, List

1D receives a 1.544 Mbps DS1 data stream from the
DSX-1 digital cross connect interface. The HLU-431, List
1D contains a DSX-1 frame synchronizer controlled by an
8-bit microprocessor that determines the type of framing
on the DS1 stream and synchronizes to it. The HLU-431,
List 1D recognizes Super Frame (SF) (including D4) or
Extended Super Frame (ESF) framing. When the data is
unframed, the HLU-431, List 1D arbitrarily defines a
frame bit.

3.03

The HLU-431, List 1D contains a multiplexer that
generates two parallel 784 kbps data streams.

The data streams contain HDSL frames that are nominally
4704 bits (6 milliseconds) in length.  The HDSL frames
contain a 14-bit Frame Sync Word (FSW), 6-bit Cyclic
Redundancy Check (CRC), 21-bit operations channel and
DSX-1 payload. The DSX-1 stream is separated into two
parallel streams that comprise the payloads of the HDSL
channels. The HLU-431, List 1D allocates the DS0 time
slots according to the version of HRU-412 to which it is
connected.  Older version HRUs require the odd DS0 time
slots allocated to loop 1 and the even DS0 time slots to
loop 2. Newer versions allocated DS0 time slots 1 through
12 to loop 1, and time slots 13 through 24 to loop 2.  The 8
kbps frame bits of the DSX-1 stream are included on both
HDSL channels. The two formatted HDSL channels are
passed to the HDSL transceivers which convert them to
the 2B1Q format on the HDSL lines. The 2B1Q line code
is designed to operate in a full-duplex mode on
unconditioned pairs. The transceiver echo canceler and
adaptive equalizer receive the signal from the remote end
in the presence of impairments and noise on the copper
pairs.

Figure 2. HLU-431, List 1D Block Diagram.

PairGain’s HDSL technology provides full duplex services at standard T-1 rates over

copper wires between an HLU and an HRU, which comprise one HiGain system.

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Содержание HLU-431

Страница 1: ...1 10 WARRANTY 12 11 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 12 B APPLICATIONS WITHOUT HIGAIN DOUBLERS HDU 451 12 SECTION INTRODUCTION 13 13 POWER CONSUMPTION 13 14 LOOPBACK OPERATION 13 15 TESTING 15 16 SYSTEM MAINTENAN...

Страница 2: ...HDSL interfaces 784 kbps full duplex 2B1Q HDSL transmission on two pairs Front panel status indicating LED On Off front panel display power cycling DS1 LOS detector 125 consecutive zeros Margin thres...

Страница 3: ...704 bits 6 milliseconds in length The HDSL frames contain a 14 bit Frame Sync Word FSW 6 bit Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC 21 bit operations channel and DSX 1 payload The DSX 1 stream is separated into...

Страница 4: ...faces Switch S2 allows the user to configure the HDSL line powering voltage to be unipolar 0 to 130 V and 0 to 200 V or bipolar 65 V and 100 V see Figure 5 The line power supply can be turned on or of...

Страница 5: ...lose sync word LOSW a minor alarm condition exists but because the HLU 431 List 1D enters a self test cycling mode the front panel LED lights yellow instead of red and the SELF TEST message is display...

Страница 6: ...ing the SEL button for six seconds until the message DFLT NO appears To set the default values press the SEL button while the DFLT NO message is displayed DFLT YES will be displayed indicating the fac...

Страница 7: ...s E to Exit and C to Confirm the changes This activates the new choices and returns control to the Main Menu screen 5 11 The new T1 transceiver chip in the List 2D allows the unit to process both B8ZS...

Страница 8: ...m to respond to the Teltrend Mod 1 addressable repeater in band loopback codes PWRF DIS Disables powering to the HRU 412 and doubler ENA Enables powering to the HRU 412 and doubler ZBTS ON Tells the H...

Страница 9: ...signal at both the HLU 431 List 1D and HRU 412 T1 output ports when both of the HDSL loops are not in sync LOSW 1LP Causes the HiGain system to transmit the AIS signal at both the HLU 431 List 1D and...

Страница 10: ...ng reduces the maximum ground referenced voltage to 100 V but applies positive voltage to the cable pairs which could accelerate corrosion on the cable pairs 6 04 The line voltage power supply used fo...

Страница 11: ...6 Watts without doubler 9 Watts with doubler Fusing Internal connected to Fuse Alarm output on pin 25 HDSL Span Voltage Differential 130 or 200 Vdc Margin Indicator Displays HDSL loop SNR margin for...

Страница 12: ...n Avenue Tustin CA 92680 ATTN Repair and Return Dept 714 832 9922 800 638 0031 11 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 11 01 PairGain Technical Assistance is available 24 hours a day 7 days a week by contacting PairG...

Страница 13: ...standard 14 slot 23 inch HLU 431 List 1D shelf is 7 024 sq ft Thus the maximum bay dissipation is limited to 840 Watts At 6 Watts per slot this limits the number of occupied slots to 140 per bay 13 0...

Страница 14: ...3LB and A4LB are patterned after the Wescom addressable T1 repeater loopbacks All four SPLBs have been enhanced to handle the specific requirements of the following HiGain system customers A2LB Teltre...

Страница 15: ...rns the display to normal Note that these same loopbacks can be initiated from the RS 232 maintenance port by choosing the Loopback Mode option D from the Main Menu This displays the Loopback Menu see...

Страница 16: ...14 Release 01 Page 16 Figure 6 HLU 431 List 1D Non Doubler Loopback Configurations The most important of the HiGain family of loopback options is the Smart Jack loopback which emulates the functions o...

Страница 17: ...mal 4 Have the CO tester send the HLU 431 List 1D 4 in 7 in band loop up code for five seconds Observe that the HLU 431 List 1D displays the NLOC message which indicates that an HLU 431 List 1D loopba...

Страница 18: ...n the returned pattern 20 errors if ILR 2 was sent followed by Normal looped data Note This error pattern will repeat every 20 seconds as long as the IOR loopback pattern is being sent This same 20 se...

Страница 19: ...pback 1101 0101 1110 1010 D5EA TIME OUT OVERRIDE Loopback Time out Override 1101 0101 1101 0110 D5D6 FAR END NI ACTIVATE Unblock AIS and pass 2 in 5 1100 0101 0101 0100 C554 IOR POWER DOWN HLU Removes...

Страница 20: ...n 20 errors if ILR 2 was sent followed by Normal looped data Note This error pattern will repeat every 20 seconds as long as the IOR loopback pattern is being sent This same 20 second repeat scenario...

Страница 21: ...ack 1101 0101 1110 1010 D5EA TIME OUT OVERRIDE Loopback Time out Override 1101 0101 1101 0110 D5D6 FAR END NI ACTIVATE Unblock AIS and pass 2 in 5 1100 0101 0101 0100 C554 IOR POWER DOWN HLU Removes H...

Страница 22: ...d to execute all the HiGain loopbacks see Figure 6 Note that all code sequences must be present for at least five seconds ABBREVIATIONS USED BELOW LU Loop Up LD Loop Down NI Network Interface CI Custo...

Страница 23: ...the codes required to execute all the HiGain system loopbacks see Figure 6 Note that all code sequences must be present for at least five seconds ABBREVIATIONS USED BELOW LU Loop Up LD Loop Down NI Ne...

Страница 24: ...e bits occur in the returned pattern 20 errors if ILR 2 was sent followed by Normal looped data Note This error pattern will repeat every 20 seconds as long as the IOR loopback pattern is being sent T...

Страница 25: ...ERNATE QUERY LPBK Alternate Query Loopback 1101 0101 1110 1010 D5EA TIME OUT OVERRIDE Loopback Time out Override 1101 0101 1101 0110 D5D6 IOR POWER DOWN HLU Removes HDSL line power 0110 0111 0110 0111...

Страница 26: ...RAIS Remote Alarm Indicating Signal Indicates an AIS all 1 pattern is being transmitted from the remote T1 output port LAIS Local Alarm Indicating Signal Indicates an AIS all 1 pattern is being trans...

Страница 27: ...see Figure 6 initiated from CO network by either the Intelligent Office Repeater IOR code the HLU 431 front panel Manual Loopback push buttons or the maintenance terminal CLOC Customer Local Loopback...

Страница 28: ...period Earlier and later data in four hour chunks on six different screens can be accessed by pressing P Previous or N Next respectively All of the counters can be set to zero by pressing C Clear fro...

Страница 29: ...of tolerance components or excessive temperature drift in critical components HDSL 24 Hours ES Errored Seconds The number of 1 second intervals which contained at least 1 HDSL CRC error This value is...

Страница 30: ...loop 1 SIG2 Signal 2 The HLU and HRU transceivers are trying to establish contact with each other on loop 2 ACQ1 Acquisition 1 The HLU and HRU multiplexers are trying to establish synchronization ove...

Страница 31: ...MI B8ZS The line code that HLU 431 List 1D is receiving at its DSX 1 interface if the DS1 option is set to Auto Otherwise it mimics either of the other two DS1 line code settings AMI or B8ZS Displayed...

Страница 32: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 32 Figure 7 HLU 431 List 1D Main Menu Figure 8 HLU 431 List 1D Non Doubler Status Display...

Страница 33: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 33 Figure 9 HLU 431 List 1D Set Clock Menu Figure 10 HLU 431 List 1D System Settings Menu...

Страница 34: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 34 Figure 11 HLU 431 List 1D Non Doubler Loopback Menu Figure 12 HLU 431 List 1D Non Doubler Performance Data Screen...

Страница 35: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 35 Figure 13 HLU 431 List 1D Non Doubler 7 Day Performance History Screen Figure 14 HLU 431 List 1D Non Doubler Alarm History Screen...

Страница 36: ...er a worst case application The worst case application for the HLU 431 List 1D occurs on a loop with one HDU doubler four 9000 ft 26 AWG spans and an HRU 412 that is providing 60 mA of CPE current Und...

Страница 37: ...hould be placed between every other shelf in racks containing more than two shelves This technique deflects the rack heat outward and reduces thermo stress on the plugs 19 LOOPBACK OPERATION 19 01 The...

Страница 38: ...08 When T1 loopback tests are performed on the HiGain system with metallic loopback connections at either end the T1 code which exists at the metallic loopback interface may be different from the T1...

Страница 39: ...rification of the integrity of the HDSL channels at every module location as well as the DS1 channels to the customer and the local DSX 1 interface 20 02 The HLU 431 List 1D 4 character front panel di...

Страница 40: ...431 114 Release 01 Page 40 Figure 15 HLU 431 Doubler Loopback Configurations The most important of the HiGain family of loopback options is the Smart Jack loopback which emulates the functions of a s...

Страница 41: ...ir or the HRU 412 If it fails the problem is in the CO equipment 6 The NREM and NLOC loopbacks can also be initiated from the front panel of the HLU 431 List 1D with the Mode and SEL push buttons see...

Страница 42: ...rors if ILR 1 was sent 200 errors if ILR 20 was sent and 20 errors if ILR 2 was sent followed by Normal looped data Note This error pattern will repeat every 20 seconds as long as the IOR loopback pat...

Страница 43: ...uery Loopback 1101 0101 1101 0101 D5D5 IR ALTERNATE QUERY LPBK Alternate Query Loopback 1101 0101 1110 1010 D5EA TIME OUT OVERRIDE Loopback Time out Override 1101 0101 1101 0110 D5D6 FAR END NI ACTIVA...

Страница 44: ...rors if ILR 1 was sent 200 errors if ILR 20 was sent and 20 errors if ILR 2 was sent followed by Normal looped data Note This error pattern will repeat every 20 seconds as long as the IOR loopback pat...

Страница 45: ...uery Loopback 1101 0101 1101 0101 D5D5 IR ALTERNATE QUERY LPBK Alternate Query Loopback 1101 0101 1110 1010 D5EA TIME OUT OVERRIDE Loopback Time out Override 1101 0101 1101 0110 D5D6 FAR END NI ACTIVA...

Страница 46: ...t five seconds ABBREVIATIONS USED BELOW LU Loop Up LD Loop Down NI Network Interface CI Customer Interface ESF DL Extended Super Frame Data Link ADDRESSABLE 3 A3LB REPEATER LOOPBACK COMMANDS Position...

Страница 47: ...be present for at least five seconds ABBREVIATIONS USED BELOW LU Loop Up LD Loop Down NI Network Interface CI Customer Interface ESF DL Extended Super Frame Data Link ADDRESSABLE 4 A4LB REPEATER LOOP...

Страница 48: ...was sent 200 errors if ILR 20 was sent and 20 errors if ILR 2 was sent followed by Normal looped data Note This error pattern will repeat every 20 seconds as long as the IOR loopback pattern is being...

Страница 49: ...0011 1001 0011 9393 IR QUERY LPBK Query Loopback 1101 0101 1101 0101 D5D5 IR ALTERNATE QUERY LPBK Alternate Query Loopback 1101 0101 1110 1010 D5EA TIME OUT OVERRIDE Loopback Time out Override 1101 0...

Страница 50: ...nly NLOC NREM CLOC and CREM are available for non doubler applications 21 07 Figure 24 through Figure 27 show the Performance Data screens for doubler applications The Errored Seconds and Unavailable...

Страница 51: ...sage Full Name Description ALARMS NONE No Alarms None indicates no alarms LLOS Local Loss of Signal No signal from HLU 431 List 1D local DSX 1 interface RLOS Remote Loss of Signal No signal from HRU 4...

Страница 52: ...ack The loopback at doubler 2 toward network see Figure 15 initiated by either the IOR code the HLU 431 front panel Manual Loopback push buttons or the maintenance terminal CLOC Customer Local Loopbac...

Страница 53: ...DSL 24 Hours ES Errored Seconds The number of 1 second intervals which contained at least 1 HDSL CRC error This value is a running total of the last 24 hours HDSL 24 Hours UAS Unavailable Seconds The...

Страница 54: ...Signal 1 The HLU and the first doubler transceivers are trying to establish contact with each other on loop 1 of span 1 SIG2 Signal 2 The HLU and the first doubler transceivers are trying to establish...

Страница 55: ...Intelligent Repeater loop codes ACO Alarm CutOff A minor alarm occurred and was retired to an ACO condition after pressing the SEL button on the HLU front panel SELF TEST Self test The HLU is in a sel...

Страница 56: ...larm LLOS Local Loss of Signal Indicates that no signal is detected at the DSX 1 input to the HLU Causes a minor alarm RLOS Remote Loss of Signal Indicates that no signal is detected at the DS1 input...

Страница 57: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 57 Figure 16 HLU 431 List 1D Main Menu Figure 17 HLU 431 List 1D Status Display Span 1 1 or 2 Doublers...

Страница 58: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 58 Figure 18 HLU 431 List 1D Status Display Span 2 1 Doubler Figure 19 HLU 431 List 1D Status Display Span 2 2 Doublers...

Страница 59: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 59 Figure 20 HLU 431 List 1D Status Display Span 3 2 Doublers Figure 21 HLU 431 List 1D Set Clock Menu...

Страница 60: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 60 Figure 22 HLU 431 List 1D System Settings Menu Figure 23 HLU 431 List 1D Doubler Loopback Menu...

Страница 61: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 61 Figure 24 HLU 431 List 1D Performance Data Screen Span 1 1 or 2 Doublers Figure 25 HLU 431 List 1D Performance Data Screen Span 2 1 Doubler...

Страница 62: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 62 Figure 26 HLU 431 List 1D Performance Data Screen Span 2 2 Doublers Figure 27 HLU 431 List 1D Performance Data Screen Span 3 2 Doublers...

Страница 63: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 63 Figure 28 HLU 431 List 1D 7 Day Performance History Screen Span 1 1 or 2 Doublers Figure 29 HLU 431 List 1D 7 Day Performance History Screen Span 2 1 Doubler...

Страница 64: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 64 Figure 30 HLU 431 List 1D 7 Day Performance History Screen Span 2 2 Doublers Figure 31 HLU 431 List 1D 7 Day Performance History Screen Span 3 2 Doublers...

Страница 65: ...Section 150 431 114 Release 01 Page 65 Figure 32 HLU 431 List 1D Alarm History Screen Span 1 1 or 2 Doublers Figure 33 HLU 431 List 1D Alarm History Screen Span 2 1 or 2 Doublers...

Страница 66: ...ase 01 Page 66 Figure 34 HLU 431 List 1D Alarm History Screen Span 3 2 Doublers Copyright 1997 PairGain Technologies Inc PairGain is a registered trademark CopperOptics and HiGain are trademarks of Pa...

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