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Olivetti Programma 101, Справочное руководство

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Olivetti Programma 101 Скачать руководство пользователя страница 53

 

Chaining 

 
Occasionally,  a  program  might  be  required  which  exceeds  120  instructions  (the  internal 
instruction capacity of Programma). Since only five of Programma's ten registers are recorded 
on  a  magnetic  card,  there  are  five  registers  available  for  the  storage  of  as  many  as  eight 
intermediate  results  requiring  further  processing.  The  procedure  for  'chaining'  program  cards 
requires  that  the  program  be  "segmented"  at  some  convenient  point  and  that  all  significant 
intermediate  results  be  stored  in  M,  A,  R,  Band  C  before  concluding  the  first  phase  of  the 
program.  Assume  for  example  that  we  have  intermediate  results  in  the  following  registers 
requiring further processing. 
 

BEFORE M 

 
 
 
 
 

A   Z 
R   S 
E / 

 

B / 

 

E    

 

B    

 

F / 

 

C / 

 

F   

 

C   

 

      S

 

A set of instructions similar to those which appear on this page 
would  be  added  to  the  program  so  that  the  operator,  having 
entered  all  x  and  y  values,  would  depress  the  key  Z  which 
would  initialize  a  series  of  transfer  operations  to  store 
intermediate results between cards. 

 
 

AFTER  

 
 
 
 
 
 

A  V 
R  S

 

…… 
……. 

The  first  series  of  instructions  of  the  subsequent  card  must 
incorporate  an  RS  instruction  to  transfer  the  contents  of  R 
back to registers D and d prior to any arithmetic operation  or 
reference to the R register. 

 
On the following pages is a typical program from the Olivetti Underwood program library which 
illustrates many of the techniques described previously. 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- 53 - 

Содержание Programma 101

Страница 1: ...GENERAL REFERENCE MANUAL...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ......

Страница 4: ...an automatic computer with the ability to follow stored instructions or in a combination of the two modes This manual discusses the operation and capabilities of Programma 101 in all of its modes It...

Страница 5: ...ot 28 Absolute Value 29 Jump Operations 30 Unconditional Jumps 31 Conditional Jumps 32 Constants 34 Constants in Registers 34 Constants as Instructions 35 Computer Utilization 36 To Record a Program 3...

Страница 6: ...d this unit prints all keyboard entries programmed output and instructions Magnetic Card Reader Recorder The device through which instructions and constants for a program can be stored on and retrieve...

Страница 7: ...nal remainder in square root The five remaining registers B C D E and F are storage registers Each can be split into two registers with a capacity of 11 digits plus decimal point and sign When storage...

Страница 8: ...ays complete B C D E F complete in this case Format 2 This represents the storage registers when split b B c C d D e E and f F Format 3 This represents the split registers with numeric and instruction...

Страница 9: ...9...

Страница 10: ...10...

Страница 11: ...TCH must be OFF out to load instructions from a magnetic program card into the memory 7 The PRINT PROGRAM SWITCH when ON in directs the computer to print out the instructions stored in memory from its...

Страница 12: ...12...

Страница 13: ...KEY restarts the computer in programmed operation and is used to code a stop instruction when keying in programs 18 The REGISTER ADDRESS KEYS A B C D E F and R identify the corresponding registers Th...

Страница 14: ...ated manually a depression of this key will print the number in that register and clear it 22 The TRANSFER KEYS perform transfer operations between the storage registers and the operating registers Re...

Страница 15: ...ained in the A register and is extracted to the number of decimal places indicated by the setting 01 the Decimal Wheel The R registerr contains a non functional remainder As it effects KEYBOARD ENTRIE...

Страница 16: ...tempt has been made to transfer a value larger than 11 digits to a split register or to split a register that already contains a value greater than 11 digits Nevertheless a register can be used as bot...

Страница 17: ...cted register The M and R registers can not be cleared with this instruction When the computer is operated manually this key will also cause it to print the contents of the selected register EXAMPLE A...

Страница 18: ..._____________________________________________________________________________ EXAMPLE Decimal Wheel set at 2 ___________________________ M A R B BEFORE 24 36 05 48 123 12 00 R AFTER 24 48 123 48 123 1...

Страница 19: ...M F ______________________________________________________________________________ EXAMPLE Decimal Wheel set at 2 ____________________________ M A R B BEFORE 19 333 5 00 16 00 30 00 B AFTER 19 333 5...

Страница 20: ..._____________________ INSTRUCTION _ RESULT_______________________________ M A R operates as R R A A Absolute Value b b A B B A c c A C C A d d A D D A e e A E E A f f A F F A _________________________...

Страница 21: ...________________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTION _ RESULT_________________________________ RS d D R EXAMPLE Decimal Wheel set at 2 _________________________...

Страница 22: ...r while retaining the entire contents in A The original contents of the M register are destroyed The R register is not affected by this instruction The setting of the Decimal Wheel has no effect on th...

Страница 23: ...ion Is carried out in the M A and R registers Programma 101 can perform these arithmetic operations X V and absolute value Figures are accepted and computed algebraically A negative value is entered b...

Страница 24: ...NCATED COMPLETE______________ A M A R R R M A M A R A A M A M A R B b M A M A R B B M A M A R C c M A M A R C C M A M A R D d M A M A R D D M A M A R E e M A M A R E E M A M A R F f M A M A R F F M A...

Страница 25: ...D COMPLETE ____________ A M A R R R M A M A R A A M A M A R b b M A M A R B B M A M A R c c M A M A R C C M A M A R d d M A M A R D D M A M A R e e M A M A R E E M A M A R f f M A M A R F F M A M A R...

Страница 26: ...A R B x b M A x M A R B x B M A x M A R c x c M A x M A R e x C M A x M A R d x d M A x M A R D x D M A x M A R e x e M A x M A R E x E M A x M A R F x f M A x M A R F x F M A x M A R _______________...

Страница 27: ...R B B M A M A R c c M A M A R C C M A M A R d d M A M A R D D M A M A R e e M A M A R E E M A M A R F f M A M A R F F M A M A R _______________________________________________________________________...

Страница 28: ...M M A A A A M M A A b b M M A A B B M M A A c c M M A A C C M M A A d d M M A A D D M M A A e e M M A A E E M M A A f f M M A A F F M M A A ____________________________________________________________...

Страница 29: ...lue The absolute value instruction A changes the contents of the A register if negative to positive EXAMPLE Decimal Wheel set at 2 ______________________________________ M A R B _ BEFORE 3 6 4 8 A AFT...

Страница 30: ...petitive sequences in a program to be executed Select alternate routines or subroutines at the discretion of the operator Automatically branch to alternate routines or subroutines according to the val...

Страница 31: ...An abbreviated form of this list is to combine V W Y or Z as follows A C B D E V W Y or Z R F All programs normally begin with the reference point of an unconditional jump instruction Reference Point...

Страница 32: ...ump Instructions ____________________________________________________ ______POINT OF ORIGIN REFERENCE POINT_______ V aV W aW Y aY Z aZ cV bV cW bW cY bY cZ bZ dV eV dW eW dY eY dZ eZ rV fV rW fW rY fY...

Страница 33: ...e program is for a simple calculation c a b to illustrate conditional jumps by testing for a or 0 value in the A register Starting point of program reached by touching the key V AV Stop computer to en...

Страница 34: ...ions This method is primarily useful for values with many digits and or repeatedly utilized throughout the program Having keyed in a program from the keyboard or having loaded a program from a magneti...

Страница 35: ...rint the sequence of instructions that corresponds to the entered value Then the programmer enters these instructions as a part of the program following the special instruction a A the special instruc...

Страница 36: ...ONLY a the last instruction printed or b that portion of an instruction entered on the keyboard 7 After writing the program turn RECORD PROGRAM switch OFF out 8 If constants are to be used by the prog...

Страница 37: ...n will be from the D and E registers of the memory to the program card 3 If the contents of a card are to be read only into the D and E registers The PRINT PROGRAM switch is tumed ON in and the progra...

Страница 38: ...a mis operation has been detected When a magnetic program card is misread the error indicated is usually either the result of a damaged or dirty card or the improper insertion of the card examine the...

Страница 39: ...matically 2 The results of addition and subtraction will be printed only by touching the keys A and in sequence 3 The key when touched will cause both printing and clearing of the selected register ex...

Страница 40: ...and Transfer to B Enter D and Transfer to B Move 9 B to A register Add 3 8 to 9 A Print anawer in A Transfer answer to C Move 9 B to A register Subtract 3 B from 9 A Print answer In A Add answer A and...

Страница 41: ...or a to A register Multiply factor b X a Print answer in A register Add answer and GT C register Transfer new GT to C register Transfer factor a to A register Divide factor b into factor a Print answe...

Страница 42: ...er and pull paper tape holder forward 2 Move the ribbon reverse levers away from the spools see diaagram 3 Remove spools and ribbon and discard 4 Replace the spools and thread the ribbon as indicated...

Страница 43: ...between the two holders so the tape feeds from underneath and insert paper roll bar 3 Turn Programma on 4 Feed the tape over the guide bar b and under the print cylinder Depress the tape advance leve...

Страница 44: ...in the A register Exchange the contents of M a and the contents of A 1 Subtract 1 from a giving a 1 Divide a by itself creating 1 in the A register Subtract a from 1 giving 1 a Multiply a by itself g...

Страница 45: ...t Transfer complete result to A register R R R Subtract negative remainder from complete result A A A Print rourded result ___________________________________________________________________________ F...

Страница 46: ...l is at 5 At the point where the routine begins assume the operation has been completed and the value to be rounded is in the A register D x Multiply the contents of the A register by 102 to shift dec...

Страница 47: ...D containing positions 1 12 and the lower half f e d containing positions 13 24 A two digit number in the upper half of a register would thus occupy positions 1 and 2 A two digit number in the lower h...

Страница 48: ...there is no restriction on the instruction immediately preceding the space allotted for the number Normally it would be an origin point to enable the program to skip around the number and continue wit...

Страница 49: ...stant to the setting of the Decimal Wheel e g with the Decimal Wheel at 4 generate constant 0 0003 Following is a routine to generate a constant to one position more than the setting of the Decimal Wh...

Страница 50: ...register as a counter which initially has an index stored in it This index is reduced by 1 each time the loop is cycled When the count reaches 0 we may exit the loop Two examples are shown below Count...

Страница 51: ...This can be accomplished by creating the compound number 453281397 024 and storing it in the D register Note that each of the constants must have the same number of digits The generated number 1000 wi...

Страница 52: ...particularly useful in applications such as a moving average in which the entry of each subsequent value displaces the contents of every register in the sequence like a row of dominoes Consider for e...

Страница 53: ...t we have intermediate results in the following registers requiring further processing BEFORE M A Z R S E B E B F C F C S A set of instructions similar to those which appear on this page would be adde...

Страница 54: ...of Xi Yi pairs The program consists of three sides of a card and will yield the fol lowing information SIDE A INPUT OUTPUT Xi Yi n R Xi 1 LogX b LogX 2 c LogY B LogX LogY C Logy 2 D SIDE B CONTINUATIO...

Страница 55: ...tercept with X 1 B a 1 b Intercept with Y 1 if k 10 then E Loge10 2 3025 850930 k e then E 1 Unless altered the program computes all logarithms to the base 10 _________________________________________...

Страница 56: ...07 12 A 36 D x 60 S 84 108 c 13 A 37 C 61 S 85 109 14 F 38 C 62 S 86 110 C 15 E 39 D 63 A W 87 111 16 E 40 B 64 B 88 112 d Variable 17 41 B 65 C 78 113 18 42 D 66 B 90 114 D 19 E 43 A x 67 C 91 115 20...

Страница 57: ...E 35 E 59 D 83 107 12 C 36 E 60 B 84 108 c 13 B x 37 E 61 D x 85 109 14 E 38 D 62 A 86 110 C 15 E 39 E 63 C 87 111 16 D 40 A 64 E x 88 112 d 17 B 41 D 65 A 78 113 18 B x 42 A x 66 C 90 114 D 19 E 43 F...

Страница 58: ...58 82 106 B 11 A 35 59 83 107 12 D 36 A 60 84 108 c 13 A V 37 B 61 85 109 14 38 V 62 86 110 C 15 B 39 63 87 111 16 B 40 64 88 112 d 17 B 41 65 78 113 18 C x 42 66 90 114 D 19 D 43 67 91 115 20 F 44 68...

Страница 59: ...rt Return to Step 6 unti data is exhausted Then go to Step 9 Depress Z Computer prints n R LogX b LogX 2 C LogY B LogXLogY C LogY 2 D Without depressing the General Reset Key Insert Side B of Program...

Страница 60: ...t is desired to plot the fitted curve on Log Log paper go to Step 16 Depress General Reset Key Insert Side C of Program Card Depress V Enter Logka and Depress Start Enter b and Depress Start Note thes...

Страница 61: ...ditional 32 33 instructions 31 32 unconditional 31 Keyboard diagram 12 function of 11 locked 11 release key 11 Loops 30 33 M Register capacity of 7 function of 7 22 23 Magnetic Program Card 11 Magneti...

Страница 62: ...10 34 58 82 106 B 11 35 59 83 107 12 36 60 84 108 c 13 37 61 85 109 14 38 62 86 110 C 15 39 63 87 111 16 40 64 88 112 d 17 41 65 78 113 18 42 66 90 114 D 19 43 67 91 115 20 44 68 92 116 e 21 45 69 93...

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