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Appendix

5-6

602-95555-01 Rev A

NXE1-20 Digital Radio

h

= (2

d

1

x

d

2

)/3

K

Where,

h

= earth bulge in feet from the flat-earth reference.

d

1

= distance in miles (statute) from a given end of the microwave path to

an arbitrary point along the path.

d

2

= distance in miles (statute) from the opposite end of the microwave

path to the same arbitrary point along the path.

K

= K-factor considered.

Three K values are of particular interest in this connection:

1. Minimum value to be expected over the path. This determines the degree of "earth

bulging" and directly affects the requirements for antenna height. It also establishes
the lower end of the clearance range over which reflective path analysis must be
made, in the case of paths where reflections are expected.

2. Maximum value to be expected over the path. This leads to greater than normal

clearance and is of significance primarily on reflective paths, where it establishes the
upper end of the clearance range over which reflective analysis must be made.

3. Median or "normal" value to be expected over the path. Clearance under this

condition should be at least sufficient to give free space propagation on non-reflective
paths. Additionally, on paths with significant reflections, the clearance under normal
conditions should not fall at or near an even Fresnel zone.

For most applications the following criteria are considered acceptable:

K = 1.33 and CF = 1.0 F

1

K = 1.0 and CF = 0.6 F

1

K = 0.67 and CF = 0.3 F

1

Where CF is the Fresnel zone clearance and F

1

is the first Fresnel zone radius.

5.1.1.5

Path Profiles

Using ground elevation information obtained from the topographical map, a path profile should be
prepared using either true earth or 4/3 earth's radius graph paper. To obtain a clear path, all
obstacles in the path of the rays must be cleared by a distance of 0.6 of the first Fresnel zone
radius. Be sure to include recently erected structures, such as buildings, towers, water tanks,
and so forth, that may not appear on the map. Draw a straight line on the path profile clearing
any obstacle in the path by the distance determined above. This line will then indicate the
required antenna and/or tower height necessary at each end. If it is impossible to provide the
necessary clearance for a clear path, a minimum clearance of 30 feet should be provided. Any
path with less than 0.6 first Fresnel zone clearance, but more than 30 feet can generally be
considered a grazing path.

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Содержание NXE1-20

Страница 1: ...User Manual NXE1 20 Digital Radio Doc 602 95555 01 January 10 2002...

Страница 2: ...Table of Contents ii 602 95555 01 Rev A NXE1 20 Digital Radio NXE1 Manual Dwg 602 95555 01 Revision Levels Section Drawing No REV Revised Released Reason NXE1 20 602 95555 01 A SN NEW...

Страница 3: ...L 2 2 2 5 REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS INDICATORS 2 2 2 6 POWER REQUIREMENTS 2 4 2 6 1 Power Supply Card Slot Details 2 4 2 6 2 AC Line Voltage 2 5 2 6 3 DC Input Option 2 5 2 6 4 Fusing 2 5 2 7 POWER UP SE...

Страница 4: ...Parameters 3 18 3 4 14 QAM Modem Status 3 19 3 4 15 QAM Radio TX Status 3 22 3 4 16 QAM Radio RX Status 3 23 3 4 17 QAM Radio TX Control 3 23 3 4 18 QAM Radio RX Control 3 24 3 4 19 QAM Modem Configu...

Страница 5: ...y of the NXE1 20 is achieved by user selectable QPSK or 16 QAM Powerful Reed Solomon error correction coupled with a 20 tap adaptive equalizer provides unsurpassed signal robustness in hostile RF envi...

Страница 6: ...cifications Description 1 2 602 95555 01 Rev A NXE1 20 Digital Radio Built in BER Meter Built in NMS Monitoring Time Stamping Monitor up to 4 external Analog Digital I O Readout of RSL in dBm Complete...

Страница 7: ...nterface s 1 5 Mbps 8 Mbps 2 or 4 x E1 T1 2 or 4 G 703 E1 T1 512 kbps 2 Mbps QAM Modem 1 Fractional E1 T1 512 kbps 2 Mbps QAM Modem 1 V35 RS449 1 3 2 Standalone Operation The NXE1 20 may be used as a...

Страница 8: ...ev A NXE1 20 Digital Radio TX RF RELAY DUPLEXER DATA SWITCH TRANSFER LOGIC TP64 TRANSFER PANEL NXE1 RADIO A NXE1 RADIO B DATA TX TX RX RF SPLITTER RX RX ANTENNA DATA DATA CNTL CNTL Figure 1 3 NXE1 20...

Страница 9: ...The product is a full duplex digital radio The following sections describe the TX system RX system followed by sub system components Please reference the accompanying block diagrams for clarification...

Страница 10: ...er supply levels and status are monitored on the backplane and the NMS CPU card processes the data Figure 1 13 Location of theNXE1 20Backplane and Power Amplifier The NMS CPU card incorporates micropr...

Страница 11: ...AM Modem Block Diagram The QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Modulator is the transmit portion of the QAM Modem card The QAM Modem also houses the IF Up Down Converter The QAM Modulator utilizes the...

Страница 12: ...al spectrally clean output signal 1 5 3 RF Upconverter 12 8 MHz Ref Osc BPF 70 MHz IF Input uP RFA Fwd Pwr Level IPA Level Synth Level Temp Sense Synth Lock RF Output TX ALC BPF 70 MHz BPF Diplexer NM...

Страница 13: ...modulation based system 1 5 5 RF Downconverter BPF Diplexer 70MHz RF Input RF AGC IF Amp IF Output 70MHz to QAM Demod Preamp ALC Loop Amp ALC Det Atten BPF 70MHz PLL Loop Filter VCO PLL Synth Lock Da...

Страница 14: ...portion of the RF Module via an external semi rigid cable and directly converts the carrier to 6 4 MHz by mixing with a low noise phase locked LO see Figure 1 19 System selectivity is achieved through...

Страница 15: ...ged If any of the listed parts are missing call the distributor or the factory immediately to resolve the problem 2 2 Notices CAUTION DO NOT OPERATE UNITS WITHOUT AN ANTENNA ATTENUATOR OR LOAD CONNECT...

Страница 16: ...binet Leave space clear above or below the unit for proper air ventilation of the card cage The rack ears are typically mounted as shown in Figure 2 1 Other mounting methods are possible by changing t...

Страница 17: ...upply OK NMS Card I O Port RS232 PC access 9 pin D sub female Reset Switch Activates hard system reset Status LED Green LED Indicates CPU OK QAM Modem I O Ports TRUNK Data I O 15pin D sub female HD RF...

Страница 18: ...rs ANTENNA Type N female RF cabling from internal PA module PA IN SMA female RF cabling to internal PA module RX OUT SMA female RF cabling from internal duplexer SEMI RIGID CABLE Ensure that the cable...

Страница 19: ...ing input ranges dependent upon nominal input rating Nominal DC Input Operating Input Range 24 Volt 20 28 VDC 48 Volt 32 64 VDC The DC input is isolated from chassis ground and can be operated in a po...

Страница 20: ...below The LCD screen QAM RADIO TX CONTROL selects the power up state and controls the radiate function of the TX unit Go to the MAIN MENU METER QAM RADIO NXE1 Main Menu SYSTEM ALARMS FAULTS Scroll Scr...

Страница 21: ...8 1 4xE1 T1 MUX Channel Configurations Trunk I O Async Data Channel Channel 3 4 E1 T1 Channel 1 2 E1 T1 Aux Channel 1 Aux Channel 2 Figure 2 3 4XE1 T1 MUX Panel The 4xE1 T1 MUX is a high speed card u...

Страница 22: ...be a single channel of 256 KBPS Table 2 2 NXE1 20 Voice Data MUX Channel Configurations 2 9 Hot Standby Protected Configuration The NXE1 20 may be installed in a hot standby protected configuration T...

Страница 23: ...e RADIATE ON condition and the transfer logic controls the RF relay to select the active transmitter thereby decreasing switchover time This is the preferred operating mode Cold Standby Cold standby c...

Страница 24: ...dule is in standby mode ready and able for back up transfer Red There is a fault with the corresponding module It is not ready for backup and the TP64 will not transfer to that module TRANSFER Switche...

Страница 25: ...will remain in RADIO A position regardless of RADIO B s status If RADIO A fails the TP64 will switch to RADIO B assuming that RADIO B is good If RADIO A then returns to a good condition the TP64 will...

Страница 26: ...e set as follows QAM Interface Intfc TRUNK Tx In Clock Clk Phase INVERTED Rx Clock Out Clk Phase NORMAL Trunk Out Clk Source Clk Phase EXTERNAL NORMAL Control Settings These settings configure the tra...

Страница 27: ...cable settings for single systems Clock Settings All controls and indications can be found on the NXE1 20 front panel LCD display located in the QAM Radio Config ModA or ModB Menu QAM Interface Intfc...

Страница 28: ...t in an area where it is protected from the weather and as close to the antenna as possible Locate the power source and verify that it is suitable for proper installation The Installations should only...

Страница 29: ...2 15 Installation NXE1 20 Digital Radio 602 95555 01 Rev A EIRP at the antenna is calculated as follows Transmit power Cable loss Antenna Gain EIRP Eg 31 1dBm 6dB for 100m LDF5 50A 36dBi 61 1Bmi...

Страница 30: ......

Страница 31: ...en control buttons LED status indicators 3 2 Front Panel Operation A picture of the NXE1 20 front panel is depicted in Figure 3 1 below Figure 3 1 NXE1 20 Front Panel 3 2 1 LCD Display The Liquid Crys...

Страница 32: ...PCB 3 2 2 Cursor and Screen Control Buttons The buttons on theNXE1 20 front panel are used for LCD screen interface and control functions ENT ENTER Used to accept an entry such as a value a condition...

Страница 33: ...F output forward power is above the factory set threshold 3 2 4 Screen Menu Tree Structure Figures 3 2a b and c located on pages 3 7 3 8 3 9 and 3 10 show the tree structure of the screen menu system...

Страница 34: ...creen navigation Unlike most other screens in the software the main menu scrolls up or down one line item at a time 3 3 1 Launch Screens The LAUNCH screen allows the user to quickly get to a particula...

Страница 35: ...F l o w D i a g r a m CONTROL QAM Radio Launch MODEM STATUS QAM Radio Launch MODEM STATUS QAM Radio Launch MODEM C y c l e t h r o u g h S T A T U S C O N T R O L C O N F I G U R E c h o i c e s C y c...

Страница 36: ...Front Panel Operation 3 6 602 95555 01 Rev A NXE1 20 Digital Radio This page is intentionally blank...

Страница 37: ...E1 MAIN MENU SYSTEM ALARMS FAULTS Scroll Fault s Fwd Pwr 0 5 W 15 18 43 6 29 00 SYSTEM CARD VIEW POWER SUPPLY INFO System FACTORY CAL Scroll BASIC CARD SETUP UNIT WIDE PARAMS Meter System Alarms Fault...

Страница 38: ...em 80dBm BER Pre 0 000E 00 Bits 0 000E 00 Errors 0 000E 00 Qmdm MOD Baud LOCK IFMOD 4 Qmdm DEMOD Baud LOCK Fec LOCK Qmdm Synth LOCK AFC 3 7 V Qmdm IFOUT 95 Mode 64Q Qmdm MOD Baud 280 5 k DRT 1535 k En...

Страница 39: ...reens are the default METER QAM RADIO NXE1 MAIN MENU SYSTEM ALARMS FAULTS Scroll Factory Calibrate RADIO TX RADIO RX QAM MODEM SYSTEM RADIO RX A CAL RSL AFC LVL LO LVL LO LVL A CAL Calibr Val 100 Read...

Страница 40: ...categories Outline of Section 3 4 Screen Menu Summaries A summary of each function is also provided 3 4 1 Meter Meter DECDR 1 Bargraph Led Dsp A Function Settings Summary Bargraph ENCDR1 2 etc DECDR1...

Страница 41: ...ase address B Addr is listed for diagnostic purposes only 3 4 3 System Power Supply Power Supply Status Primary 5VD 15VD AC 5 00 V 15 00 V Function Settings Summary Primary AC DC Indicates type of sup...

Страница 42: ...TXA TXB QAM Transmitter installed in QAM Radio slots A or B RF Rx RXA RXB QAM Receiver installed in QAM Radio slots A or B Audio Enc ENC1 2 Audio Encoder installed and identified affects meter selecti...

Страница 43: ...adio RX A In system YES Encoder 1 In system YES Base addr 1 Decoder 1 In system YES Base addr 1 Mux 0 In system YES Chnl Base Addr 0 Hooked to Radio NO Mux 0 Channel Types 1 NONE 3 NONE 2 NONE 4 NONE...

Страница 44: ...Hot Standby Dual Radio operation Single Radio operation IP Integer 0 255 Internet Protocol IP address of the device These values must be set for the device to possess network capabilities SNM Integer...

Страница 45: ...MS and Fault Alarm logging After selection press ENTER to save Hour Minute Second 00 23 00 59 00 59 Sets the system time used for NMS and Fault Alarm logging After selection press ENTER to save 3 4 9...

Страница 46: ...RX SIG LVL Function Settings Summary Ext A D Readings 1 2 3 4 Voltage readings via the NMS I O card Ext Status Readings 1 2 3 4 Logic Level readings via the NMS I O card Ext Relays 1 2 3 4 Control of...

Страница 47: ...RX RSL 30 to 90 dBm LO Level 100 50 QAM MODEM BER 1 00E 04 Synth Level 100 50 Modulator only Modem Level 100 50 Alarm definition A specific parameter is out of tolerance but is NOT crucial for proper...

Страница 48: ...nition A specific parameter is out of tolerance and is crucial for proper system operation Logging All fault and alarm events are logged with the date and time Fault screen reset After viewing the scr...

Страница 49: ...s Errors 80 dBm 0 00E 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 Function Settings Summary BER Post 0 00E 00 Post FEC Forward Error Correction Bit Error Rate since last ENTER reset BER Pre 0 00E 00 Pre FEC Forward Erro...

Страница 50: ...data clock IFMOD 0 100 100 NOM BAUD LOCK default UNLOCK Indicates demodulator PLL is locked to incoming data clock FEC LOCK default UNLOCK Indicates FEC decoder is synchronized SYNTH LOCK default UNLO...

Страница 51: ...tor Interface Trunk Active Interface Clk Src Tx Clock Internal EXT TXC EXT RXC Recovered Clock source of the Transmitter Clk Ph Tx Clock Inverted Normal Clock Phase of the Transmitter Clk Ph Tx Clock...

Страница 52: ...a hot standby mode Forced ON FWD 0 9 99 Watt 1 00 Watt nominal Output Power of TX This menu item does not appear when the unit is configured for DTV REV 0 9 99 Watt 0 07 Watt nominal Reverse or refle...

Страница 53: ...er forced ON RSL 30 0 to 90 0 dBm Received signal level signal strength Nominal level dependent upon customer path system gain ATTEN AUTO default ON OFF Receiver PIN attenuator setting Controlled by i...

Страница 54: ...3 24 602 95555 01 Rev A NXE1 20 Digital Radio 3 4 18 QAM Radio RX Control RX Atten QAM Radio RX Control AUTO Function Settings Summary RX A ATTEN AUTO default ON OFF ON and is activated on high signa...

Страница 55: ...Settings Summary Interface QPSK 2 16Q 4 32Q 5 64Q 6 128Q 7 256Q 8 Default is 64QAM DATA RATE N x 64 kbps Valid range depends upon configuration INTERLEAVE 1 2 3 default 4 6 12 2 17 2 34 2 51 2 68 2 1...

Страница 56: ...Norm RPT Loop Data Source of the Receiver Out Normal means the source is either BKPLN or TRNK RPT sets the radio to Repeater Loop sets the radio to loopback mode Clk Src Rx Out Internal EXT TXC EXT RX...

Страница 57: ...a s D C E A DCE coupled together with a DTE enables the signal to be relayed to another DCE This configuration is called a Repeater A network can consist of as many Repeaters as necessary The followin...

Страница 58: ...CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm TX CLK OUT Clk Ph Norm RX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm QAM Inerface Intfc DCE Trunk 3 4 19 3 NXE1 20 as Data Terminal Equipment DTE When configured as Data Terminal...

Страница 59: ...Radio 602 95555 01 Rev A To configure the NXE1 20 as a DTE make the following clock selections in the System menu TX CLOCK Clk Src EXT TXC Clk Ph Norm TX CLK OUT Clk Ph Norm RX CLOCK Clk Src EXT TXC...

Страница 60: ...Front Panel Operation 3 30 602 95555 01 Rev A NXE1 20 Digital Radio 3 4 19 4 User Clock Options Conceptual Diagram Figure 3 4 User Clock Options Conceptual Diagram...

Страница 61: ...1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 L O S t e p K H z 2 5 0 press ENTER press ESC S a v e S e t t i n g N o press Left arrow to say YES press ENTER Function Settings Summary FREQ 2300 00 MHz Displays the frequency of th...

Страница 62: ...freq is greater than carrier freq LO Freq 2370 00 MHz LO Step 25 0 KHz Programming frequency step size 3 5 NMS CPU PC Configuration Software The NMS CPU card is configured with a Windows based PC soft...

Страница 63: ...should achieve AFC LOCK and the operation is successful 3 6 2 AFC Level RX It is possible to change the operating frequency of the receiver via the front panel Before changing frequency ensure that th...

Страница 64: ...3 34 602 95555 01 Rev A NXE1 20 Digital Radio STATUS QAM Radio Launch RXA RX VDC AFC LO SYNTH LOCK 4 5 100 3 Ensure that the voltage reads 0 5 to 9 5 25 VDC 4 The RX should achieve AFC LOCK and the op...

Страница 65: ...AL TIMING A RECEIVE DATA B RXC_O_B RXC_O_A TXC_O_B TXC_O_A 10 1 11 2 3 RECEIVE TIMING A RECEIVE TIMING B SIGNAL GROUND SEND TIMING B SEND TIMING A V B X Y AA CHASSIS GROUND A MUX CHANNEL HD15M V 35 FE...

Страница 66: ...Appendix 4 2 602 95555 01 Rev A NXE1 20 Digital Radio Figure 4 12 Trunk to Trunk Cable Mux Trunk Null...

Страница 67: ...rpendicular to the plane of constant phase i e if the beam were instantaneously cut at right angle to the direction of travel a plane of uniform phase would be obtained If on the other hand the beam e...

Страница 68: ...ves Note that the first cancellation maximum on a shallow angle reflective path will occur when the phase delay is one and one half wavelengths caused by a path one wavelength longer than the direct p...

Страница 69: ...ray is drawn on a fictitious earth representation of radius K times that of earth s actual radius The K factor in propagation is thus the ratio of effective earth radius to actual earth radius The K...

Страница 70: ...to give free space propagation on non reflective paths Additionally on paths with significant reflections the clearance under normal conditions should not fall at or near an even Fresnel zone For most...

Страница 71: ...the power level of the received signal as it enters the receiver electronics in the absence of multipath and rain fading this is referred to as the unfaded received signal level Once this is known the...

Страница 72: ...e 5 3 Transmission Line Loss FREQUENCY BAND LDF4 50 per 100 meters LDF5 50 per 100 meters 450 MHz 3 46 dB 2 65 dB 1000 MHz 5 38 dB 4 12 dB 2000 MHz 8 02 dB 6 11 dB 6000 MHz 15 6 dB F Line 7 Enter the...

Страница 73: ...ty is 102 dBm For other modulation rates relative to 16 QAM see Table 5 5 Table 5 5 NXE1 20 Modulation rates relative to 16 QAM Modulation Type Threshold Differential Normalized Bandwidth QPSK 3 dB 2...

Страница 74: ...availability or outage parameter designated by the symbol U The availability parameter for which we use the symbol A is given by 1 U Reliability in percent as commonly used in the microwave community...

Страница 75: ...rite Undp ryr x 10 F 10 b x rm x 10 F 10 or Undp a x b x 2 5 x 10 6 x f x 10D 3 x 10 F 10 See Table 5 6 for the relationship between system reliability and outage time Table 5 6 Relationship Between S...

Страница 76: ...y space diversity or frequency diversity or both can be used To achieve space diversity two antennas are used to receive the signal For frequency diversity transmission is done on two different freque...

Страница 77: ...miles dB 6 Transmission Line Loss TX Total Ft dB 100 ft dB 7 Transmission Line Loss RX Total Ft U dB 100 ft dB 8 Connector Loss Total dB 9 Branching losses dB 10 Obstruction losses dB 11 Total loss s...

Страница 78: ...Decibel relative to carrier DBm Decibel relative to 1 mW DBu Decibel relative to 775 Vrms DCE Data Circuit Terminating Equipment DSP Digital Signal Processing DSTL Digital Studio Transmitter Link DTE...

Страница 79: ...ystem NO Normally open PCB Printed circuit board PCM Pulse Code Modulation PGM Program PLL Phase Locked Loop QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation R Transmission Rate RF Radio Frequency RPTR Repeater RS...

Страница 80: ...ovolts dBm microvolts dBm 0 10 127 0 180 61 9 0 25 119 0 200 61 0 0 50 113 0 250 59 0 0 70 110 1 300 57 4 1 0 107 0 350 56 1 1 4 104 1 400 54 9 2 0 101 0 450 53 9 2 5 99 0 500 53 0 3 0 97 4 600 51 4 3...

Страница 81: ...000 31 4 30 77 4 7 000 30 1 35 76 1 8 000 28 9 40 74 9 9 000 27 9 45 73 9 10 000 27 0 50 73 0 22 36 mV 20 10 mW 60 71 4 70 7 mV 10 100 mW 70 70 1 223 6 mV 0 1 mW 80 68 9 707 1 mV 10 10mW 90 67 9 2 23...

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