
Also, the IF filter can be configured either as a 3rd-order
Butterworth filter for reduced group delay or a 5th-order
Butterworth filter for steeper out-of-band rejection by
setting the bit F3OR5 either 1 or 0, respectively, in the
Configuration 1 register. See
.
The two-sided 3dB corner bandwidth can be selected
to be 2.5MHz, 4.2MHz, 8.7MHz, 16.4MHz, 23.4MHz, or
36MHz by programming the FBW bits in the Configuration
1 register. See
. When the FCENX bit in the
Configuration 1 register is set to 1, the low-pass filter
becomes a complex bandpass filter and the center
frequency can be programmed with the FCEN bits in
the Configuration 1 register. The IF center frequency is
adjustable in 127 steps with the 7-bit FCEN value. Refer
section for information on how to
configure the desired IF filter center frequency. If the
filter is configured as a low-pass filter, the FCEN bits are
ignored and the center frequency of the filter is at 0Hz.
The narrow-band filter settings are designed to pass
the first null-to-first null main lobe of narrowband signals
such as GPS L1 (2.046MHz) or Beidou B1 (4.092MHz).
The 8.7MHz setting is for the GLONASS L1 band. The
16.4MHz setting is for signals having an intermediate
bandwidth greater than the narrow band signals, but
not as wide as the 20.46MHz wide signals; for example,
Galileo E1 (14.3MHz) or Galileo E6 (10.23MHz). The
23.4MHz setting is for the wide-band signals typically hav-
ing main lobe bandwidth of 20.46MHz. For example, GPS
L1 P(Y), modernized GLONASS L3OC, or BeiDou B2.
Finally, the 36MHz setting is designed to allow simultane-
ous reception of two constellations, specifically GPS and
GLONASS in either the L1 or L2 bands. Simultaneous
reception of GPS L1 and GLONASS L1 provides a
greater selection of visible satellites, which in turn allows
faster time to fix and a more accurate navigation solution.
Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA)
The MAX2771 integrates a baseband programmable
gain amplifier that provides typically 59dB of gain control
range. The PGA gain can either be controlled autono-
mously by the MAX2771 using the AGC function, or
be directly controlled by the host through programming
of the GAININ bits in the Configuration 3 register. The
AGCMODE bits in the Configuration 2 register are used
to select the control mode for the PGA gain. The gain can
be adjusted with approximately 1 dB resolution.
Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
The MAX2771 provides a control loop that automatically
programs the PGA gain to provide the ADC with an input
power that optimally fills the converter and establishes
a desired magnitude bit density at its output. The AGC
algorithm operates by counting the number of magnitude
bits over 512 ADC clock cycles and comparing the
magnitude bit count to the reference value provided
through a control word (GAINREF) in the Configuration 2
register. The desired magnitude bit density is expressed
as a value of GAINREF in a decimal format divided by
the counter length of 512. For example, to achieve the
magnitude bit density of 33%, which is optimal for a 2-bit
converter, program GAINREF to 170, since 170/512 =
Table 6. IF Filter Order Selection
Table 7. IF Filter Bandwidth Selection
Table 8. Gain Reference Settings
F3OR5
(CONFIGURATION 1
REGISTER)
IF FILTER ORDER
0
5th order
Butterworth
1
3rd order
Butterworth
FBW
(CONFIGURATION 1
REGISTER)
BANDWIDTH
(DOUBLE-SIDED)
000
2.5MHz
010
4.2MHz
001
8.7MHz
011 (Low-pass mode only)
23.4MHz
111 (Low-pass mode only)
16.4MHz
100 (Low-pass mode only)
36.0MHz
All other settings
RESERVED
GAINREF
(CONFIGURATION 2
REGISTER)
MAGNITUDE
BIT DENSITY
REFERENCE
11101010
234
1010100
84
100111010
314
www.maximintegrated.com
Maxim Integrated
│
19
MAX2771
Multiband Universal GNSS Receiver